- Ap Ive thftm duai day d~p W, (Hinh 4.6)
a- M~t c~t ngang b M~t bfulg c Chinh di~n
B~p vom lil mQt IO(lid~p dang chiln nuac, thuang lam b~ng be tong. Theo cac m(it cilt n~m ngang, d~p la nhung vong vom, chan l1Javao hai bo (Hinh 4.9). Duai tac dl,mgcua ngo(li llJc nhu ap l\Ic nuac, bun cat... d~p 6n dinh nho SlJch6ng do a
hai boo Do v~y yeu cftu dia chilt nai xay d\!llg d~p vom phili t6t; thuang Ia da riln chilc. Ba thuang yeu cftu cotrng suMnen cho pMp [R]n ~ (too + 120)kG/cm2
B~p vom d~u tien duqc xay d\!llg nam 1611 t(li Halia co chi~u cao 5m, b~ng v~t lieu da xay. 6thil k5' 20, xay d\!llg d~p vom philt tri~n m(lnhanhi6u nuac tren thil gim. V~t lieu chu yilu Iilbe tong cat tMp. Trong sa cac d~p vom da:xay d\!llg co d~p
Inguri (Lien X6) - 271,5m; d~p Vaiont (Halia) - 266m; d~p Movuaden (Th\lY Si) - 236m; d~p Tsirdiyxcaia (Lien X6) - 236m; d~p Ertan (TrungQu6c) - 240m ...
d Vi~t Nam hi~n dang thi~t k~ d~p N~m Chi~n cao 130m. MQt s6 ddu m6i tMy di~n khac (HuQi Quang, Ban Chat ... ) cfmg dang xem xet phuong anxay dvng d~p vom.
4.5.2. Dij.e diSm eua d~pvom
Do each b6 tri OOutren nen d~p vom co cac d~c di~m sau:
_ DVa vao sv ch6ng dCiCllahai ba d~ gifr an djOOnen d~p co th~ kha mongo So vai d~p be tong trQng Ivc, chi6u day day d~p vom giam tir (2 -+ 4) Idn, th~m chi co th~ (6-+ 8) Ik ho~c hon th~.
_ Do d~p mong nen ap Ivc thftm tac d\lng len d~p ro rang cling giam di rftt OOi~u.TuyOOiengradieng thftm se tang len. Vi v~y dn chu y xu Iy hi~n tuqng nay: OOuph\lt mi!ng xi mang ch6ng thftman~n d~p.
_ Phat huy duqc khi! nang lam vi~c clla v~t li~u than d~p. Be tong Ii! 10<;liv~t li~u chju nen t6t, trang khi do vom Chlly~u xuftt hi~n irng suftt nen. Day Ii!uu di~m Ian clla d~p vom. Thuang irng suftt nen trang d~p vom (35 -+ 50)kG/cm2, co OOi~ud~p da cho phep d<;ltd~n (90 -+ 100) kG/cm2, doi khi con Ian hon. Con irng suftt keo khoang (1,1 -+ 1,3)kG/cm2•
_ Trang d~p vom sv thay d6i OOi~tdQ, sv co rut clla betong Ii! di~u h~t suc dn chu y, vi aOOhuang dang k~ d~n kha nang chju Ivc Clla d~p (gay irng suftt keo). ChiOOvi v~y khi xay dvng d~p vom, nguai ta thuang chua l<;Iicac khe th~ng dirng,
cha khi OOi~tdQngoi!i trai h<;lthftp mai Iftpkin khe, t<;lOtMOOd~p vom li~n kh6i. _ Ngoi!i yeu cdu v~ dja chfitt6t d~ gift 6n djOOvi! chju Ivc kha Iana chan vom, v~ dja hinh cling co aOOhuang ro r~t d~n kha nang xay dvng d~p.
Long song co m~t dt cM V (HiOO4.1Oa)Ii!truang hqp dja hiOOIy tuang ooftt d~ xay dvng d~p vom. d duai sau, vom chju ap Ivc lan, song OOjpvom l<;Ii006. Vi v~y tiOOhiOOchju Ivc cua cac lap vom Ii!tuong d6i d6ng d~u. Trang truang hqp ni!y co th~ xay dvng duqc d~p vom cao mil chi~u di!y vom khong Ian.
Ti~p theo d~n 10<;lim~t dt long s6ng d<;lnghiOOthang, hiOOchfrU(HiOO4. lOb). Tuy OOientrong mQt s6 truang hqp dja hinh phUc t<;lPnguai ta vfrn xu Iy d~ xay dvng duqc d~p vom, nhu toi!n bQphdn sat n~n xu Iy t<;lOthallh d~ co chi~u di!y Ian, xem OOuphdn dCitY Cllavom (HiOO4.1Oc),ho~c xu Iy phdn thu h~paday song OOu d~p betong trQng Ivc, con phdn tren Ii! d~p vom (HiOO4.1Od), xu ly a mQt ben b6'
(dung d~p betong trong Ivc), d6giam khAu dQ vom va t(lO cho vom lam vi~c d6i xUng (HiOO 4.1 Oe), ho~cXu Iy ca 2 ben bi1(HiOO4.1 Ot).
a- IA IA Jl.{: • :!. :.••~"i d- b- c - e- Ic c -c /f ~ ;::;JIe -J1fL- [-
Hinh 4.10. M(\t s5 d~ng long song co th~xay d\fIlg daP vom.
Ln=- n=- H 7 11 III 6 5 4 3 2 ° 0,20 0,10 0,30 Hinh 4.11. Quan h~P - n