phan b6 co dO;lngtam giac: Tri s6:
3.2.1. Ap I,!c thuy Hnh (len m~tnghieng)
Ap Ivc thuy tInh duqc xac dinh theo phuong pMp thuang dung trong thuy Ivc (Hinh 3.1), bao gelm:
Phuong, chi~u: Phuong n~m ngang, chi~u tlr trai sang pMi.
£)i~m di;tt: Tr9ng tam cua bi~u db (hinh tam giac).
(3-2)- Thanh ph~n thfulg dUng W2 la tr9ng IUQ'llgkh6i nuac tac d\lIlg len b€ m(it cong - Thanh ph~n thfulg dUng W2 la tr9ng IUQ'llgkh6i nuac tac d\lIlg len b€ m(it cong triOO:
T.qso:"W '="2'1Y"' H' B.. cotga
Phuong, chi€u: Phuong th~ng dUng, chi€u huang tlr tren xu6ng. Di€m d(it: Tr9ng tam cua bi€u d6 (hiOOtam giac).
Trong d6:
B - B€ rQng cua m(it cong triOO ch~n nuac.
a - 06c hgp boi m(it cong triOOch~n nuac vaj m(it ph~ng n~m ngang.
Yn - Tr9ng IUQ'llgrieng cua nuac Yn=1 T1m3•
3.2.2. Ap h,rc thuy dQng
Khi dong chay qua cong triOO g(ip cac bQ ph~n cua cong triOOOOut1"\lpin cua d~p tran, tu<'>ngtieu nang ... se tac d\lIlg vao cong triOOmQt Illc do dong chay gay nen g9i la ap h,rc thuy dQng. Ap IIlC nay g6m 2 thaOO phk: ti~p tuy~n va phap tuy~n, IIlC ti~p tuy~n huang theo phuong dong chay la rat 006, IIlC phap tuy~n ph\! thuQC vao luu t6c, di€u ki~n dong chay ... duqc xac diOOtheo cong thuc:
W, = K.y,. Q .v(l-cosa)
g
Trong d6:
Q - Luu IUQ'llgdong chi'ly (m3Is).
v - Luu t6c dong nuac (m/s).
a - 06c giiia huang dong chay va m(it phfulg chiu ap h,rc tMy dQng.K - H~ s6 chi'ly vong. K - H~ s6 chi'ly vong.
D~u m6 hiOOvuong K = I. D~u m6 d"mg tron K =0,7.
D~u m6 d"mg tam giac hay luu tuy~n K =0,4.
Dinh song
Hinh 3.2. Cae y8u t6 eua song
3.2.3. Ap life soog
1:Song va die yiu 16 ella song
Gio th6i tren mi;it nuac, thuy~n, be, vi;it 06i di chuy~n tren mi;it nuac se t:;10ra song. Song co th~ lam nuac tran qua di;ip, de... lam va de, di;ip; co th@lam s(lt Icy mai di;ip, de, ba
song, ba bi@n... lam tang ap l\lc thfun d1ly n6i len day di;ip lam m1lt 6n dinh di;ip...
Trang cac nguyen nhan gay ra song tren thi song do gio la song gay nguy hi@m nhiit va thuang gi;ip nhiit nen trang giao trinh nay chi trinh bay cach tinh toan song do gio gay ra.
Khi song khong bi can bOi day, vi;it can tren mi;it... hinh d(lllg song duQ'c mo ta nhu (Hinh 3.2). Cac di;ic trung clla song: Duang trung tam song, dinh song, chan song, chi~u cao song - h, chi~u dai song (buac song) - Ie... (Hinh 3.2). Cac y@ut6 nay phI,!thuQc vao nhi~u nguyen nhan: t6c dQ gio, chi~u dai truy~n song, dQ sau cua nuac ... Co cac y~u t6 cua song ta se tinh duQ'c ap l\lc song tac dl,!ng len vi;itcan song (mai di;ip, de, ke, ba song, bi@n...). Tinh duQ'c chi~u cao song, ap l\lc song ta co th@ tinh toan ki@mtra duQ'Cdi~u ki~n lam vi~c clla cong trinh co an toan hay khong ...
Giao trinh nay chi trinh bay mQt s6 phuong phap thuang duQ'c vi;in dl,!ng d@tinh cho cac cong trinh trong h6 chua nuac.
2. Tinh loan eae yiu 16ella song do gio gay ra
a. Xae ainh ehiJu eao song -h (m) va bu:ae song -'k (m)
+Cong thuc Stivenson:
h = O,OOII,!VD + 0,76 - 0,26.JD (m)
+Cong thUc Angdare-Ian6p: h =0,0208V5/4DII3 (m) Ie =0,304VD1/2 (m) Ie=0,34.JD +0,76 - 0,26.JD (m) (3-4) (3-5) (3-6) (3-7)
+ Congthue Lapzoxki: (3-11 ) (3-8) (3-9) (3-10) (rn) (rn) (rn) (rn) h=~ho ho =0,073KV -JD.E 11.0 =0,073V J¥
Cae eong thue (3-4) vii (3-5) dUng khi D <60 km
Cae eong thue (3-6) vii (3-7) dung khi V = (8 -;-15)m1s; D = (3 -;-30)km Trang cae eong thue tren: