cua m l n h .
- L i e n - l a c v c ' i ^cac^thi^c^g ^ho buon ban t r o n g vung dong-bao t h i e u - s o de k i e m - s o a t v i e c buon ban cua n g i i d i K i n h t r o n g vung nay«
- To-ch\ic cac d i n h - d i e n va d o n - d i e n =
Den nam iSOO, Nguyen-Hoang d o i chiic Giao-dieh_^ thanh T h o n g - d i c h d a t t r i i c - t h u o c quan'Lufu Thu B i n h - T h u a n T r a n .
Nam 1 8 2 7 , T r a n B i n h - T h u a n gom 2 Phu :^Phu N i n h - Thuan va Phu Ham-Thuan» Phu Ham-Thiian c6 Huyê Hoa-Da t r o n g c o i dong-bao t h i e u - s o .
T £ o ? I L _ 2 - - T H ^ I - K ^ P H A P - T H U O C
Sau k h i Hiep-ii(9e P a t e n o t r e r a d c ' i , c h i n h - q u y e n Phap a p - d u n g c h m h - s a c h c h i a ^ r e d a n - t o e ^nham d o c - q u y e n k h a i - t h a c si5c l a o - d o n g cua dong-bao t h i e u - s o c u n g - i i n g
- 20 -
cho cac d o n - d i e n va khai-thác t a i - n g u y e n h i e n - h i i u lam g i a u cho mau-quoC"
Khác^vc^i Bic-^y, ngvlhl Íhap t h i e t - l a p nhiJng k h u - vu-c t i J - t r i r o n g - r a i ^ c h o dong-bao Nung, t a i ^Inh-Thuan vaônam t h e o d e - n g h i B o u l l o c h e l e n Cc^-íiat-Vien'cua t r i e u - d i n h Hue t h u o c guyen Bao-Ho cua ^hap, dong-bao t h i e u - s o d a t dxidl quyen t r o n g c o i cua v i e n Cohg '^xi íhap va mot Quan-Dao d a i - d i e n ng^^d± K i n h = Theo d e - n g h i nay cac Tong, Nguon, í^au, ^-^uc d o i t h a n h Dao, Chau hay Huyen Tong va Lang. Tvl d e - n g h i cua B o u l l o c h e , dong-bao t h i e u - so Binh-Thuan c6 mot khu-viJc hanh-chanh g o i l a Hoa-DáTho huyen t h u o c Huyen Hoa-Da t r o n g c o i va den nam 1910 diic^c d o i t h a n h Huyen Phan-Ly-Cham.
Hau-qua cua c h i n h - s a c h nay, c h i n h - q u y e n Bao-Ho Phap da lam cho dong-bao t h i e u - s o von da ngheo d o i , kho
sd nay l a i cang kho sd" de p h a i bo g i a - d i n h d i lam phu don- d i e n cao-su d cac t i n h Nam-phan. D i e u nay de h i e u v i d a t Binh-Thuan khong t h i c h- h d p vd± v i e c t r o n g cao-su, t r o n g k h i do cac d o n - d i e n cao-su c' Nam-phan khan-hiem nhan-cong.. Trong t h d i - g i a n n a y n h i e u nhan-cong b i c h e t , n h a t l a dan ba va nhi5ng ngiic^i g i a ca v i • khong c h i u n o i nhOng cong v i e c nang nhoc va d o i k h a t .
* C o a n_ 3 o - TH^I-K^ CH^-BO N G6 -B1N H - D I E N
Sau H i e p - d i n h Geneve cham d i i t che-do Bao-Ho cua Phap, nxidc Viet-Nam c h i a lam h a i mien the-hịen h a i che- do khac nhauo M e n Nam Viet-Nam, sau k h i l e n cam quyen v i e c dau t i e n cua c h i n h - p h u N G O - D I N H - D I E M d o i Yd± dong- bao t h i e u - s o l a b a i bo che-d5 H O A N G - T R I E U Cl/ONG-THg dem l a i mot • l u o n g s i n h- k h i mói cho dong-bao t h i e u - s o t a i t m h Binh-Thuan vdi s\i h o i - n h a p cua anh em Th\;^d'ng K i e n Bac d i - c i J .
- D o i vd'i dong-bao Thifdng M i e n Bac c h i n h - q u y e n cho d i n h - c i i t a i Song-Mao mot vung d a t r o n g Idn va p h i -
n h i e u . V i e c dau t i e n cua c h i n h - q u y e n l a t h i e t - l a p mot khu-viJc h a n h - c h a n h l a y t e n l a Quan H a i - N i n h ( t e n ' m o t ' t i n h Bac-phan gom d a - s o d o n g - b a o Nung s i n h s o n g ) , t u y mat d i t i n h - c a c h t i i - t r i n h i i k h i con o" B a c - p h a n , nh\:^g v i e c d a t khu-vu-c h a n h - c h a n h r i e n g va l a y t e n cu d a t cho k h u - v i J c ,
lam cho d o n g - b a o Thxidng M i e n Bac t i n - t U c / n g r a t n h i e u ' n c ^ i
c h i n h - q u y e n -
D o i vd± d o n g - b a o Thiic/ng l i i e n Nam va Cham, có-quan
c h u y e n - b i e t p h u - t r a c h bay l a u n a y l a huyen Phan-Ly-Gham d o i t h a n h Quan Phan-Ly-Cham va d a t t m i c - t h u o c Toa Hanh- Chanh T i n h B i n h - T h u a n c h u khong p h a i i a Phu Hoa-Da nhi;? t r i i o ' c k i a .
Tuy d o c - q u y e n a n - d i n h c h i n h - s a c h p h a t - t r i e n cho dong-bao t h i e u - s o , nhiing c h m h - q u y e n r a t quan-tam va c o -
gang t r o n g k h a - n a n g q u y e t d a t dUdc m u c - t i e u c a i - t h i e n
t o a n - d i e n ve moi l a n h - v t ? c . C h i n h - q u y e n thiic^ng-xuyen h o i
y vd± cac b o - l a o va de g i u p c h i n h - q u y e n T i n h , c h i n h - p h u
p h a i nhi5ng c h u y e n - v i e h d a c - t r a c h dong-bao t h i e u - s o t h u o c Nha Cong-Tac X a - H o i M i e n Thxic'ng h o a c h - d i n h váhi;e(5ng-dan t h i J c - h i e n c o n g - t a c .
A . - Vfe Y-Tg
N g o a i c o n g - t a c t u y e n - t r u y e n n h i i d i s a u vao buon ag p h o - b i e n b i c h - c h i i d n g , g h a t - t h a n h , c h i e u bong de cho
dong-bao j-thUc sc'-dang ve nhUng n g u y - h i e m do STJ an uong
t h i e u v e - s i n h , chi5âbenh bang p h u - p h e p n h a m - n h i phan k h o a - h o c , c h i n h - q u y e n con p h a i n g a y dem s a n - s o c s i i c - k h o e
t\i k h i t r i e u - c h \ 5 n g mdi p h a t - k h c ^ i . Song-song vd± c o n g - t a c
nay c h i n h - q u y e n c a g - t o c h u a n - l u y e n cac t h a n h - n i e n nam n\ t h i e u - s o ( t h a n h - p h a n n o n g - c o t cua x a - h o i ) c6 c h u t i t hoc t h u c ve nhiing each d i n h - b e n h va chi5a benh thong-thiic/ng»
Chi t r o n g t h c / i - g i a n ngan c6 den gan 10 ng\id± ca nam I a n
t o t - n g h i e p cac khoa T a - V i e n Dieu-rH;f5ng va C O - D S Hiitfng-
T h p n . D o i vd± d o n g - b a o Thufc'ng M i e n Nam, v i e c b a t bu9c
- 2 2 -
nham bao-ve siic khoe dong-bao hdn l a nham vao m u c - t i e u
dong-hoa dan-toe nhi:f mot v a i ngiic'i quan-niem.
B . - KINH-Tg
1) - Nong-nghiep
Tai hau h e t cac buon ap, chinh-quyen t h i e t - l a p cac d i n h - d i e n nham giam d i h x n h - t h a i luan-canh c o - t r u y e n
cua dong-bao Thufc/ng Mien Nam. Doi v6± dong-bao Cham va
Thifc'ng Mien Bac, chinh-quyen khuyen-khich .hiidng dan done bao t h i e t - l a p cac khe-iic/c d i e n - t h o nham bao-ve quyen
canh-tac cua nong-dan. De hau-thuan cho c h i i d n g - t r i n h ,
chinh-quyen dao-tao S Huan-Sii thuoc nganh de den t a n buon
ap p h o - b i e n nhiJng k y - t h u a t canh-tac t i e n - b o . 2) - Tieu cong-nghe
Chinh-phu NGO-DINH-DIEM thuc day p h a t - t r i e n t i e u cong-nghe khong phai c h i nham vao van-de cong an v i e c lam ciiu-canh c h i n h l a nham vao nhu-cau thiJc-te cua dong- bao, lam cho dong-bao co nhiing t h i i ma dong-bao t h i e u va
nhGng thxi diia cho dong-bao l a de cho dong-bao dung chxi
khong phai de cho dong-bao n h i n ' h o a c cat lam k y - n i e m . - Khi d o i ho can gao hón t r a i cay hop s{5a, banh m i . Khi l a n h ho can chan, can ao hd'n l a b i t t a t , non k i e u
That v a y , k h i chiJa c6 mot nen k i n h - t e viing chac, t i e u cong-nghe r a t t h i i c - t e va thiic-dung no b6-tuc cho phiióng-thiic t \ i - t u c p h a t - t r i e n mot x a - h o i nho nhii buon ap chang h a n .
Thiic-hien phiic'ng-cham t r e n , chinh-quyen da khuyen
k h i c h va g i u p d5 t h a n h - n i e n nam nU den Nha Cong-Tac Xa-
Hoi Mien Thiic/ng d a t t a i Hue de huan-luyen nhGng nghe sau
- T'lay quan ao - Moc
- R e n - D e t v a i - D e t c h i e u - D a n m a y , t r e , n y l o n - L a m n o n - D o g o m - Hdt t o e C - V A N - H O A , G l A O - D U C X S - H 5I — I . •• III — • - — — I I . . . . « ••• — • •• I • — T a i t a t ca c a c b u o n a p d e u c6 nhiing I d p B i n h - D a n g i a o - d u c t o i d e c h o nhiJng ngUdl Idn t u o i c6 cd'-hoi b i e t d o c , b i e t vietl T a i c a c Q u a n - l y t h i e u - s o t u y chUa c6
triJc'ng T r u n g - H o c , nhiAig c a c tvđng sd-cap d\Jdc xay v o i - v a de t h u n h a n c a c t r e e m d e n t u o i d i h o c .
* •
Chu-triic'ng cue c h i n h - q u y e n diic'ng-thc/i t u y d i ngiidc l a i n g u y e n - v o n g nhii b a i b o c a c chiictag-trinh d a y t h o - n g i i , n g a n c a m m o t v a i t h u a n - p h o n g m y - t u c k h o n g c6 có-hoi p h a t - t r i e n , nh\Aig qua n h O n g ch^ic'ng-trinh da thiic- h i e n , d o n g - b a o t h i e u - s o q u a n - n i e m v i qua t h i e t - t h a vc/i d o n g - b a o n e n da nhat-thc^i l a m - I a n va tin-tiióng m o t n g s y n a o d o se co có-hoi sxia d o i hc'n la m a t - m a t t a t c a . D u n g
nh\i iftfc-nguyen s a u n a m 1 9 6 3 co nhi5ng h a n g l o a t sija d o i t o lc?n, nhiing nhiJng siia d o i n a y k h o n g m a n g l a i nhiJng h a u - q u a thiic-te nh\i d o n g - b a o m o n g - m u o n ma c h i g a y ra nhúng s a i l a m t o Idn hdn, nhi5ng s a i l a m co t h e v i nhiing ngiic'i s\Ja d o i s a i - l a m c h i t h a y s a i - l a m chii k h o n g t h a y b a n - c h a t va h a u - q u a cua s a i - l a m , h o a c c h i s\is d o i de thịch-nghi vd±
c a c h - m a n g h o a c la n h a m " t h o a m a n n h u - c a u c h i n h - t r i " . * D o a n j f - T H C ^ I - K ^ S A U C A C H - L I A N G N A M 1 9 6 3 S a u c a c h - m a n g 1 9 6 3 , h o a t - d o n g q u a n - s i ^ g i a - t a n g , de d o i g h o vd± t i n h - t h e l u c b a y g±d c a c khu-viJc h a n h - c h a n h d o n g - b a o t h i e u - s o c u n g nhii c a c Q u a n k h a c t r e n t o a n - q u o c dxidc g i a o c h o q u a n - n h a n d a m - t r a c h o D o do v a n - d e
- 24 -
t h i e u - s o ^diióc dat nang vao cong-tac " k i e m - s o a t " héll l a p h a t - t r i e n . De giam nhiing t h i e t - h a i dócac cuoc cham sung g a y ' r a , cung nhủ de t r a n h d i sii mat-mat cac t a i -
nguyen n h a n - l i i c t a i cac'buon ap xa x o i "ngay t a , dem d i c h " cac cong-tac " k i e m - s o a t " bang nhiJng cuoc d i - d a n v o i - v a khong sao t r a n h k h o i s i i t h i e t - h a i nh\5ng thanh-qua da vun
x6± t\i thai NGO-DINH-DIEM.
Dong-bao Thiióng Mien Nam thuoc 2 xa Song-Trao va Gia-Le diJc'c dinh-ci:? t a i Ka-Lam each t h i - x a Phan-Thiet ve húóng dong bac khoang 1 5 cay so va dong-bao 3 xa T r i n h - Hoa, Gia-Hoa, Phu-Nhieu diic'c d i n h - c i i t a i ngoai-o t h i - t r a n Song-Maọ
De thoa-man chung mot v a i nhu-cau c h i n h - t r i , ma
d o n | - l i i c phat-khc^i t\i t r e n cao-nguyen ( F u l r o 1 9 6 5 ) c h i n h - quyen quan-doi da g^j^óng ep di;^a ra mot v a i c h i i c ' n g - t r i n h
p h a t - t r i e n khong phu-hd'p Y6I t h i i c - t e dia-phiic'ng diJc'ng-
t h c / i . Doi vc5i dong-bao t a i cac t r a i d i n h - c i i , hang ngay "diic'c n u o i ccta" ( c i i u - t r c ' dong-bao t y - n a n cong-san va nan- nhan chien-cuoc) t h a y v i t i e p - t u c p h a t - t r i e n cac t i e u cong-nghe va t i m t h i - t r i i c ? n g t i e u - t h u de dong-bao co lo"!- tiic^hau giam d i v i e c cufu-tró cua c h m h - q u y e n , nay c h m h -
quyen l a i t h i e t - l a p Trung-Tam Canh-Muc Thiic^ng de dong-bao "xem" , V I dong-bao khong the dem ap-dung nhiing I c ' i ' c h i dan q u i b a u ' k h i vong-dai a n - n i n h khong cho phep di^óc, nay chinh Trung-Tam nay cung khong diing viing tr^fóc sii khung- bo cua cong-san-
Mot s a i lam khac, dau nam 1 9 6 5 chinh'-quyen t h a n h - l a p Liic-L\ic'ng Can-Bo Triic^ng-Sc'n khong gic^i-han so liic'ng
va t r m h - d o hoc-van da hap dan n h a n - l i i c t\i nong-nghiep va t i e u cong-nghe thanh nhiing "can-bo", mot hang ma tvl
l a u ho khong t i n - t \ i C n g se c6 dtic/c ^ Dong y l a t r o n g t h d i - ky c h i e n - t r a n h can khuyen-khich. t h a n h - n i e n cam sung chong g i a c bao-ve buon ap, nh\ing chinh-quyen nen t h a n h - l a p
nh{5ng liic-liióng quan-si^ chinh-th\5c c6 t i n h - c a c h d i a - phiidng kha d i giQ viing diic^c buon, mot so i t con l a i de s a n - x u a t , chii v d i liic-liic^ng ban-quan-sij, ban-dan-siJ nhii
t r e n khong nhOng lam t e - l i e t s a n - x u a t ma ve h i e u - n a n g quan-STJ c h i bang 1/3 l i i c - l i i d n g q u a n - s i i c h i n h - t h i i c , d i e n
h i n h Trung-Tam C a n h - m c Thxidng b i c o n g - s a n pha h o a i t r o n g t h c ^ i - g i a n g i a o cho mot bo-phan cua l\ic-liJO'ng nay canh giQ.
Trong t h O * i - g i a n dau cua t h c / i - k y sau cach-mang, Ty D a c - T r a c h Thu-c^ng-Vu N i n h - B i n h - T h u a n d a t t a i Phan-Rang p h u - t r a c h nhiing h o a t - d o n g l i e n - q u a n den ThiJfc^ng-Vu t a i T m h B i n h - T h u a n , nhiftig b i e n - p h a p d a c - a n cua c h i n h - p h u danh cho dong-bao t h i e u - s o n h i i cap h o c - b o n g , t h i t u y e n vao cac n g a n h , dong-bao t h i e u - s o khong difc'c hiidng t h u
bao n h i e u so vd± t h i e n - c h i cua c h i n h - p h u v i p h i i o ' n g - t i e n
t h o n g d a t cham t r e cua cac cc?-quan h O u - t r a c h . V i t r o " n g a i t r e n , nam 1966 Phong Dac-Trách Thiic^ng-Vu B i n h - T h u a n dUdc
t h i e t - l a p t a i P h a n - T h i e t den nam 196? diic'c d o i t e n l a Phong Th\icfng-Vu B i n h - T h u a n . Cho den k h i ' t h a n h - l a p Phong Thủóng-Vu h o a t - d o n g cua c d - q u a n n a y cung c h i han hep t r o n g p h a m - v i d i e u - h a n h Can-Bo Triic'ng-Sc'n, va mot v a i h o a t - d o n g h a n h - c h a n h nham t h o a - m a n c a - n h a n hay t a p - t h e
nho nhii ho-sc' h o c - b o n g , ho-sd chiJng nhan s a c - t o e , ho-sO"
dong-bao t h i e u - s o t y - n a n c o n g - s a n v . v . . .
Muc B
THdl KV !?E NHI CONG HOK
Blidc qua t h c ' i D e - n h i Cong-Hoa , n g o a i s i i h i e n - h i i u
cua cac d a i - d i e n d o n g - b a o t h i e u - s o t a i cac cc?-quan l a p -
p h a p , cc/-quan tvl-van q u o c - g i a va cô-quan q u y e t - n g h i t a i d i a - p h i i c ' n g , c h m h - q u y e n con ndl r o n g t h a m - q u y e n va t r a c h -
n h i e m cua cc^-quan d a c - t r a c h d o n g - b a o t h i e u - s o . Do l a
mot c o - g a n g vufc^t bac cua cac nha l a n h - d a o d o i v6± d o n g -
- 26 -
* Doan l o - CHJNH-TRI, H A N H - C H A N H
•——— —• , .2 ,., •• , ——
T a i cc'-quan l a p - p h a p , c h i n h - q u y e n da q u i - d i n h mot d a i - d i e n cho dong-bao Thiicrtig M i e n Nam va Cham, 'mot d a i - d i e n cho d o n g - b a o ThTJc/ng M i e n Bac, Trong q u a - t r m h s o a n - t h a o mot Hien-Phap p h a n - a n h d a y - d u y - c h i cua t o a n - dan t r o n g cong-dong q u o c - g i a , mot d a i - d i e n dong-bao t h i e u - s o t i n h B i n h - T h u a n diic^c d e - c i i ( d a i - d i e n duy n h a t
c u a ' d o n g - b a o Cham t r e n t o a n - q u o c ) vao cc'-quan l a p - h i e n de t h a m - k h a o y k i e n . - •
Hoi-Dong Cac S a c - T o e , mot cc'-quan t i i - v a n quoc-
g i a t h o a t t h a i t\i H i e n - P h a p nam 1967 ( c o n g - t r i n h s a n g - t a c cua D a n - b i e u THANH-GlAc, d a i - d i e n d u y n h a t cua dong-bao Cham) cung da d u f - l i e u mot h o i - v i e n ThiJóng M i e n Nam va Cham va mot h o i - v i e n Thiic'ng M i e n Bac d a i - d i e n cho d o n g - bao t h i e u - s o t m h B m h - T h u a n . •
T a i Cong-Dong B i a - P h i i o ' n g , H o i - D o n g T i n h mot cc'- quan q u y e t - n g h i vc^i 10 N g h i - V i e n h i e n - h i i u , dong-bao t h i e u - s o cung diJóc d a i - d i e n bc'i 2 N g h i - V i e n .
T r o n g doan n a y , chung t o i x i n dvtdc de-cap__^den Ty P h a t - T r i e n Sac-Toe B m h - T h u a n , mot cc'-quan l i e n - h e c h a t - che vói dong-bao t h i e u - s o t a i d i a - p h i i o ' n g .
Theo N g h i - d i n h so U/PTST/ND ngay 4 ^thang 3 nam 1970 cua Bo P h a t - T r i e n S a c - T o e , Ty P h a t - T r i e n Sac-Toe p h u - t r a c h :
- T h i - h a n h cac n h i e m - v u l i e n - q u a n den v i e c nang d5 dong-bao t h i e u - s o t a i d i a - p h i i c ' n g t h e o k i p da t i e n - h o a
chung cua d a n - t o e , T h i i c - h i e n t a t ca n h i e m - v u l e t h u o c Bo P h a t - T r i e n hay cac c o n g - t a c : H a n h - c h a n h , Van-hoa X a -