yeyi wang and alex waibel

... log and digital circuits and feature in several standalone or embedded power management ICs. The main advantage of LDO’s is that they can be completely on-chip, occupy very little area, and ... [...]... Calhoun and A Chandrakasan, “A 256kb sub-threshold SRAM in 65nm CMOS,” IEEE ISSCC Dig Tech Papers, pp 628–629, Feb 2006 [19] T Pering, T Burd and R Brodersen, “The simulation and evaluation ... Intl Symp Low Power Electronics and Design, pp 76–81, 1998 [20] B H Calhoun and A P Chandrakasan, “Ultra -dynamic voltage scaling using sub-threshold operation and local... level vibrations

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 22:20

... and NAND and NOR gate paths consisting of a series of 4-high NAND and 3-high NOR gates respectively Simulations were performed at two frequencies, F and F/3 where F was 4.5... gate and ... jitter, aging, and NBTI, have an uncorrelated, random component. A single critical path monitor can track these random changes if sampled over time as they will have a zero mean and constant ... wires [18], NBTI [12], and many other effects is increasing. Noise processes that effect timing are described as random or system- atic, and they are measured from die to die and within die [6],

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 22:20

... resistance and capacitance Rwire and Cwire are assumed to be independent normal random variables with standard deviation... R×CL, and the Horowitz model: delay = t f α + β (9.3) tf Here α and ... 4 5 -3 ΔTWID, standard deviations -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 ΔTWID, standard deviations Figure 9.4 PDFs and CDFs for ΔTWID Results are shown in Table 9.3, assuming a path delay standard deviation ... cp and the number of independent critical [...]... random variables with probability density function (PDF) fWID(t) and cumulative distribution function (CDF) FWID(t) The effect of random

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 22:20

... options to MOVE, AND, ADD or MULTIPLY operands A MOVE is a fast operation and an AND, being a bitwise operation,... up requires considerable effort, and hence hardware, and hence energy ... completion and, in any case, ‘real’ additions do not use purely random operands [13] Nevertheless, a much cheaper unit can supply respectable performance by adapting its timing to the operands on ... handled below the microarchitecture level and abstracted away, and the benefits from creating a variability-tolerant or variability-aware microarchitecture will outweigh the increased work and

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 22:20

... can provide benefits and is another tool available to the designer. Figure 10.7 Pipeline collapsing and losing latch stage. Figure 10.8 Pipeline expanding and reinstating latch ... clocked ARM9 cores. It demonstrated low current peaks and very low electromagnetic emissions and is robust against cur- rent, voltage, and temperature variations due to the intrinsic ability ... hardware resources to be optimised for typical rather than very rare operand values, and they can adapt very flexibly (and continuously, rather than in discrete steps) to vari- able memory response

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 22:20

... angles of 20 and 50 degrees and azimuth angles of 200 and 120 degrees, respectively, with 20 dB JNR, and two vertically polarized jammers arrive from elevation angles of 100 and 160 degrees and azimuth ... directions for the four beamformers are −45 and −48 dB, −49 and −62 dB, −53 and 0 dB, −51 and −50 dB, respectively. Based on the simulation results in Figures 9(a) and 9(b), with the exception of the ... International... N65540-05-C0028 J Wang and M G Amin 13 REFERENCES [1] M S Grewal, L R Weill, and A P Andrews, Global Positioning Systems, Inertial Navigation, and Integration, John Wiley &

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 22:20

... reduce the device and sample sizes, develop low-cost and single-use disposable devices, and to improve device portability along with low consumption of sample and buffer fluids, and to reduce the ... 28 , 20 06 [31] R Yang, D L Feeback, and W Wang, Microfabrication... [21 ] R Yang and W Wang, Application of optical refractive index liquid and wavelength selection for ultra-high-aspect-ratio ... Technologies and Applications [24 ] S.J Lee, W Shi, P Maciel, and S.W Cha, Top-edge profile control for SU-8 structural photoresist,... 20 04 [29 ] R Yang, S Soper, and W Wang, Out-of-plane

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 01:22

... introduced by Maha et al. 23 : (7.2) where U and r are the local velocity and density, respectively, of the mixture, and U i and r i are the velocity and density of the fluid of the i th layer. ... recent years, and we will mention a few. A brief review of passive and active micromixers can be found in Campbell and Grzybowski 10 who also provide a tabulated assessment of performance and manufacturing ... A more comprehensive and nicely illustrated review of a broad variety of both pas- sive and active mixers available in the literature is presented in Nguyen and Wu 5 and will not be duplicated

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 01:22

... Castano-Alvarez, M and Fernandez-Abedul, M.T., Costa-Garcia, A., Poly(methylmethacrylate) and Topas capillary electrophoresis... Technologies and Applications 126 Wang, J., Ibanez, A., and Chatrathi, ... voltammetric analysis and for integrating voltammetric proce- dures with on-chip chemical reactions and fluid manipulations. Wang and coworkers recorded linear-sweep, square-wave, and adsorptive-stripping ... lactose, maltotriose, and galactose were analyzed by PAD and iPAD. The electrochemical response and migration times were studied as functions of buffer concentration, pH, and the concentration

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 01:22

... center-to-center distance of 2 mm. (From S. Chandrasekaran, J. Brazzle and B. Frazier, J. of Microelectromechanical Systems, 12, 289–295, 2003, and S. Chandrasekaran and B. Frazier, J. of Microelectromechanical ... and silicon/parylene microneedles for strength and toughness, in Dig Transducers’01, Int Conf Solid-State Sensors and Actuators, 1386, 2001 [27] S Davis, B Landis, Z Adams, M Allen, and ... height of 200 µm and a channel diameter of 40 µm, and (c) a conceptual schematic diagram of a disposable MEMS syringe. (From B. Stoeber and D. Liepmann, Design, fabrication and testing of a MEMS

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 01:22

... biotechnology, and medicine. Detailed knowledge of the cell biology, cell metabolic processes and pathways, and genetic and proteomic makeup can contribute to the development of new methodologies and drug ... represents buffer reservoirs and channels, and L 1-3 represents the different ligand reservoirs and channels F1 is the drag force acting on the cell due to scanning, and F2 is the force created ... electrophoresis and flow cytometry, have both demonstrated valuable and effective abilities to manipulate large numbers of cells (with few exceptions where single-cell handling was demonstrated) and have

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 01:22

... Lagally and Mathies (2004), and Lu et al (2004a, b) For further information on single-cell manipulation and analysis using microfluidic devices, see Andersson and van den Berg (2003), Andersson ... Sensors and Actuators, B: Chemical B92(3): 315 325 Andersson, H and van den Berg, A (2004) Microtechnologies and nanotechnologies for single-cell analysis Current... Erickson and Lu (2004), ... (2000), Beebe et al (2002), Brehm-Stecher and Johnson (2004), Chovan and Guttman (2002), Olson et al (2005), and Toner and Irimia... fragment sizing and single-molecule detection Cytometry

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 01:22

... relationship and are more likely for more frequent switches. These political costs are consid- ered to be substantial and to be present without mandatory rotation and in the non-final years with mandatory ... auditors and clients tend to use cooperative strategies (oblig- ing and integrating) without mandatory rotation but tend to use non-cooperative strategies (inaction and contending) when mandatory ... / Accounting, Organizations and Society 34 (2009) 222–243 In a seminal study, Dopuch et al. (2001) experi- mentally test the effect of mandated auditor rotation and mandated auditor retention (in

Ngày tải lên: 06/01/2015, 19:44

... 1.333333 Mean Mean Standard Error 0.881917 Standard Error Standard Error Median Median Median Mode Standard Deviation #N/A Mode 1.527525 Standard Deviation Mode Standard Deviation #N/A ... Mean Standard Error Median Mode Standard Deviation Sample Variance Kurtosis Skewness Range Minimum Maximum Sum Count Confidence Level(95.0%) Ngày 16 0 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0 0 Mean Standard ... Standard Deviation Sample Variance Kurtosis Skewness Range Minimum Maximum Sum Count Confidence Level(95.0%) 0 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0 0 Page 65 Ngày 17 Mean Standard Error Median Mode Standard

Ngày tải lên: 19/09/2015, 10:37

... and how he implemented them in understanding the Classics, and what reading strategies he adopted and how he adopted them in reading the sacred texts and others’ commentaries. Understanding Wang? ??s ... and creators, pp. 401-3. 3 Wang Ruoxu adopts this approach, and used renqing in the ways as Ouyang and Su did. But Wang Ruoxu is conscious about Zhu Xi’s synthesis and thinks high about it, and ... Neo-Confucianism in History and Yu’s Zhu Xi de lishi shijie. 14 CHAPTER ONE OUTLINE OF WANG RUOXU’S LIFE AND SCHOLARSHIP Wang Ruoxu’s family and educational background Wang was born during the

Ngày tải lên: 13/10/2015, 15:54

... current is due to band-to-band tunneling in the presence of high electric field and traps in the band gap. If the electric field is high enough, carriers can simply tunnel across the band gap. However, ... sources of leakage current, and each of these has a different dependence on both voltage and temperature [17]. Understanding of the relation between leakage and both voltage and temperature requires ... Tuning Using Adaptive Voltage and Body Biasing,” International Sympo- sium on Circuits and Systems, pp. 5–8, May 2005. [3] J. T. Kao, M. Miyazaki, and A. P. Chandrakasan, “A 175-mV Multiply- Accumulate...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 22:20

... process options and emerging design technologies. Basically, the assimilation of distinct high-performance, low operating power, and low standby power devices requires circuits and systems that ... standard-cell inverters as delay elements and a nand-2 gate for enabling control. The power supply of the clock generator can be controlled externally. Body biasing is enabled for N-well and ... to a unique N-well and P-well bias combination, and the line joining the clouds indicates the nominal trend. The ringo frequency at nominal supply (V DD =1.2V) is 327MHz, and 16.2MHz at minimum...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 22:20

... both the active and the standby modes and raises V TH by 0.25V in the standby mode. Chapter 2 Technological Boundaries of Voltage and Frequency Scaling 45 based on voltage and frequency ... monitor, what to control, how to control, and the granularity of the control. Adap- tive V DD and V TH controls and cooperative control with software and oper- ating system will be discussed ... transistor size ratio and independent of V DD , temperature, and process variation. If V b is generated by dividing voltages between V DD and V SS by resistors (V b = λ V DD ), and consequently,...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 22:20

... Subrahmanyam, Chacko, and Mallik (2008) and Mahanti, Nashikkar, and Subrahmanyam (2008) propose a measure of latent liquidity and examine its connection with the pricing of corporate bonds and credit default ... with $100, and the reported mean profit is in dollars, per bond and day. The t-stat’s are clustered by bond and day. #Trades is the average number of trades, buy and sell, per bond and day. The ... examined by Chordia, Roll, and Subrahmanyam (2000) and Pastor and Stambaugh (2003) for the equity market. Finally, we examine the relation between our illiquidity measure γ and bond yield spreads. Controlling...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 20:20

... are for. Build and Go Let's run the program provided by Apple [1]. Press the second hammer icon labeled Build and Go to build (compile) and run the application. The Build and Go button. e ... * 4 (the star * is the standard way to represent multiplication on computer keyboards) In secondary school, dots were out of fashion and variables called x and y (and a new fancy word, "algebra") ... is neces- sary to convert the text you typed into the necessary zeros and ones your Mac understands. Reading and understanding the text a human typed is very hard for a compiler, so you need...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 22:20