why should government tax junk food

... new movements, trends, and fashions in one’s own. Nor should we forget the literary perspec- tive. As George Steiner reminds us: 62 Why should we care? 53 59 Pound (1960: ch. 1). 60 Hale (1992b: ... this. The implications of this are very serious, and will be addressed at the end of chapter 5. Why should we care? 65 76 Dixon (1997: 134); quotations below are from pp. 137 and 144. For similar ... father’ cannot be referred to in any simple way. When it gets as far as ‘second’ vs ‘third’ cousins Why should we care? 61 73 An early anthropological curiosity over whether Inuit (Eskimo) languages...

Ngày tải lên: 01/11/2013, 09:20

... handle the question : why should I stay?” Step 1 : Understand the person you talk to, what is important to them, why they liked working with P&G, what has changed and why? Their mobility ... which is in a lot of our people’s mind : why should I stay with P&G for the next couple of years?” This suggest ways to convince people that they should stay and proposes action steps to ... right time, show we care, appreciate, value people, create a BUZZZ where they see that what they should stay because P&G invests in me therefore they will make a difference, contribute, learn,...

Ngày tải lên: 25/01/2014, 00:20

... be convinced that immunization is valuable; they should know where and when services are available and should understand when their children should receive the vaccines. Different methods and ... 28 9 57 17 74 29 8 55 16 71 Source: SRS 2004-2007 8 Exhibit 1.2 (Contd) 1 Chapter 1 Why should so many children die? 1.1 Child Health - A Global Scenario: Globally, more than 10 ... Mahila Samitis Panchayat Samitis Yuvak Kendras Mahila Mandals iii Contents 1 Why Should 5000 Children die in India every day? 1.1 Child Health - A Global Scenario 1 1.2 Child...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 15:20

... Dealix Corporation Business Case for Internet Sales Leads Dealix Corporation Why Should Auto Dealers Use the Internet to Sell More Cars? ... territories. Because the Internet has liberated consumers from being geographical captives, dealers should avoid the unrealistic belief that locals will automatically shop at their dealerships. Just ... “We’re attempting to reach out beyond our normal market to get some incremental business. That’s why the radius that we use with Dealix is beyond our normal market.” In addition to the Sarasota...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 04:20

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 13:20

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 23:20

Ngày tải lên: 30/05/2014, 21:31

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 08:20

Ngày tải lên: 03/11/2014, 18:38

... Why Teachers Should Use Timed Reading in ESL Classes Jeremy Browning Students are faced with a bombardment ... primary factor that causes improvement in reading rate. Practice in decoding known words supposedly should result in there being read more rapidly and with little attention because they will be perceived...

Ngày tải lên: 06/09/2013, 10:10

... product for, Admins and IT Professionals. But why would a developer care – indeed should a developer care at all? Let's look at why Developers should be thinking about PowerShell. One important ... PowerShell! Copyright ©2007 Global Knowledge T raining LLC. All rights reserved. Page 4 Windows PowerShell: Why Developers Should Care 1-800-COURSES www.globalknowledge.com Expert Reference Series of White Papers ... Export-Csv). Cmdlets can take parame- ters or take input from the pipeline. Cmdlets are task-oriented and should be self-documenting. • Variables: you can create v ariables, assign values to them, and use...

Ngày tải lên: 17/01/2014, 06:20

... product for, Admins and IT Professionals. But why would a developer care – indeed should a developer care at all? Let's look at why Developers should be thinking about PowerShell. One important ... IT Pros are going to love PowerShell – why should developers? As an MVP on PowerShell, I'd like to spend some time explaining what this product is and why it's relevant. This paper is ... for Microsoft, Global Knowledge EMEA, MVP, MCSE, MCT, MOF/MSF Trainer Windows PowerShell: Why Developers Should Care Copyright ©2007 Global Knowledge T raining LLC. All rights reserved. Page 2 • A...

Ngày tải lên: 24/01/2014, 10:20

... Arisk‐basedapproach,allowingthepromotionoffruit,vegetablesetctochildren, but prohibitingthemarketingoffoodsandbeverageshighinsaturatedfat,transfat,sugars andsalt.  1 Seehttp://www.iaso.org/policy/euprojects/polmarkproject/ 2 Seehttp://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/marketing food to‐children/en/index.html 3 Seehttp://www.eeas.europa.eu/us/grants/pilot_projects/index_en.htm 3  1Background  Forachild,excessbodyweightisariskfactorforlateradultdisease,includingdiabetes, heartdisease,severalmajorcancersandotherchronicdiseases.Childhoodoverweightis associatedwithimpairedhealthduringchildhooditself,includingpsycho‐socialdistress, increasedriskofhighbloodpressure,insulinresistanceandfattyliverdiseasewhichmay continueuntreatedformanyyears.Onceestablished,obesityinchildren(asinadults)is hardtoreverse.Primarypreventionisessential.  Marketingofpotentiallyunhealthy food productsisrecognisedasapossiblefactorinchild obesityandwasidentifiedasariskinanexpertreportfortheWorldHealthOrganizationin 2002 4 .SystematicreviewsconductedintheUKin2003, 5 intheUSAin2005 6 andforthe EuropeanParliament, 7 allconcludedthat,despitesubstantialgapsintheevidence, advertisinghadasufficienteffectonchildobesitytomeritaction.  Policydevelopment  Theissueof food marketingtochildrenisnowhighonthepolicyagendainEurope.This followsthecallforthe food industrytoregulateitself,issuedin2005bythenHealth CommissionerMarkosKyprianou,andthepan‐EuropeanMinisterialCharteronObesity agreedinIstanbul,September2006, 8 whichcalledfor“theregulationstosubstantially reducetheextentandimpactofcommercialpromotionofenergy‐densefoodsand beverages,particularlytochildren,withthedevelopmentofinternationalapproaches,such asacodeonmarketingtochildreninthisarea”.  TheEuropeanCommission’s2007WhitePaperonobesitynotedtheneedforactioninthis areaand,whilesupportingvoluntaryinitiatives,promisedareviewin2010todetermine whetherotherapproachesarerequired. 9 TheCommission’shealthandconsumer directorate,DGSanco,hashostedaseriesofmeetingsbetweencivilsocietyandindustry representativesintheEuropeanPlatformonDiet,PhysicalActivityandHealthdiscussing industryself‐regulation.In2007theWorldHealthAssemblycalledforrecommendationson marketingtochildren,includingcross‐border issues 10 whichwerepresentedtotheWorld HealthAssemblyin2010.In2009,theWHOEuropeanRegionalNetworkontheProtection ofChildrenfromMarketingPressureproposedasetofstandardsforadvertising food to children. 11   4 WHO(2002)Diet,NutritionandthePreventionofChronicDiseases.TechnicalReportSeries916.See http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_916.pdf 5 Does Food PromotionInfluenceChildren?ASystematicReviewoftheEvidence Food StandardsAgency,London2003.See http://www .food. gov.uk/news/newsarchive/2003/sep/promote 6 Food MarketingtoChildrenandYouth:ThreatorOpportunity?Institute ... Yes     Furthergapsincompany‐ledself‐regulation  Thissectionprovidessomeexamplesofadditionalconcernsraisedduringthisinvestigation. Theexamplespicturedaretakenfromwebsitesactiveandavailableduringtheperiod January‐June2011.  Company‐ownedwebsites  Whilemostcompaniesacknowledgetheneedtocontroladvertisingtochildrenusingpaid‐ foradvertisingonthird‐partysites,companiesdonotusuallyincludetheirownweb‐sites, whichtheyseeaseditorialratherthanadvertising.Althoughsome government approved codes(e.g.theUKCAPCode)includecompany‐ownedsites,mostindustry‐wideadvertising regulationsinEuropeancountriesdonot,andindustry‐ledpledgesgenerallydonotorare ambiguousaboutwhattheyconsider‘advertising’ontheirownwebsites.Manycompanies usetheirownsitestoattractchildrenwithgames,puzzles,clubsanddownloadablegifts,or offerbrandedproductswhichchildrenmaypestertheirparentstobuy.  ExamplesbelowshowNesquikchildren’sgamesonacompany‐ownedsiteandanexample ofM&Mspromotions(someareasofthesiteaskiftheviewer‘sageisabove12years).  8   Thefollowingtablegivessomeexamplesoffoodswhichcompaniesstatetheycanmarketto childrenaccordingtotheirownnutritionalcriteria,andtheratingofthosefoodsunder three government ledcategorisationsystems:theUKOfcomRegulationsforTVmarketing tochildren, 22 theNordicKeyholeschemefordefininghealthier food products 23 andthe proposedUSInteragencyWorkingGroupschemeforvoluntaryrestrictionsonmarketingto children 24 .  Table3Productcomparisonsofcriteriaallowingmarketing Companyand Product Company owncriteria Ofcom criteria Keyhole criteria Interagency criteria Kellogg CocoPops ... No   Whichmedia?  Companiesdifferintheextentoftheircoverageforself‐regulatingtheirmarketing messagestochildren,withsomeincludingproductplacement,useoflicensedcharacters andtheirownbrandedsitesinthedefinitionofmarketing.Thedefinitionofwhat constituteschild‐targetedmediavaries:forexampleNestlé 25 definesmarketingtochildren asbeing‘amarketingactivitywhereadultsupervisionisnotpresent’andcommunicationin media‘whereadultaudienceisnotpredominant’.  Thetablebelowshowssomeexamplesofthecoverageofcompanypledgesacrossmedia includedunderself‐regulation.Notethatforsomemediathecompanies imposecertain  22 UKOfficeofCommunications(Ofcom)2007.See http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/consultations/foodads_new/statement/andsee http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20100927130941/http:/ /food. gov.uk/healthiereating/advertisingtochi ldren/nutlab/nutprofmod 23 DevelopedbytheSwedishNational Food Administrationtodefinehealthier food products,andnowusedin Sweden,NorwayandDenmark.Seehttp://www.slv.se/en‐gb/Group1 /Food and‐Nutrition/Keyhole‐symbol/ andseehttp://www.norden.org/en/news‐and‐events/news/first‐anniversary‐nordic‐consumers‐want‐more‐ keyhole food 24 FederalTradesCommission(2011)InteragencyWorkingGroupSeeksInputonProposedVoluntaryPrinciples forMarketing Food toChildren.Seehttp://www.ftc.gov/opa/2011/04/foodmarket.shtm 25 Seehttp://www.conar.org.br/html/livro/REF49NESTLE%20‐ %20EU%20Pledge%20Nestle%20Commitment.pdf  StanMark...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 02:20

... Marketing of Foods and Non-alcoholic Beverages to Children 28 7 Nutrition criteria for food promotion Several company-determined schemes for defining which foods should or should not ... States should consider different approaches, i.e. stepwise or comprehensive, to reduce marketing of foods high in saturated fats, trans -fatty acids, free sugars, or salt, to children. 4. Governments ... Recommendations on the Marketing of Foods and Non-alcoholic Beverages to Children 92 Rationale 1. The policy aim should be to reduce the impact on children of marketing of foods high in saturated...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 21:20

... 1. Why you should use this module - page 1 Information Management Resource Kit Module on Building Electronic Communities and Networks UNIT 1. ONLINE COMMUNITIES: A NEW OPPORTUNITY LESSON 1. WHY ... people together online might be as basic as a shared interest such as… …or food … The Liverpool Way … football … Slow Food Community of Interest Community of Interest Shared interests What brings ... Practice Community of Practice Shared interests 1. Online Communities: a new opportunity - 1. Why you should use this module - page 20 Communities of practice also move through various stages of...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 01:20

... speeches are available online at www.bankofengland.co.uk/publications/speeches Why the Bank Rate should increase now Speech given by Martin Weale, External Member of the Monetary Policy ... importantly, no one is proposing that monetary policy should be set to anything except a very expansionary stance. But I would like to explain why I think it is appropriate for the Bank Rate to ... www.bankofengland.co.uk/publications/speeches 3 3 Monetary Policy and Inflation How should monetary policy be set when inflation is high and economic growth is weak? Slack monetary...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 02:21

... cost of acquiring information should be rela- tively low for government bonds and relatively high for corporate bonds. In line with the analysis above, the former should be sold by auction and ... view corporate bonds as an instance of the former case, and government bonds as an instance of the latter. JEL Nos.: D44, G30. Keywords: Government Bonds, Corporate Bonds, Auctions, Posted-Price ... Research Financial Valuation and Risk Management Working Paper No. 95 Why Government Bonds are sold by Auction and Corporate Bonds by Posted-Price Selling Michel...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 04:21

... 7 Reasons Why You Should Be Careful Taking Online Surveys For Money Copyright 2012 by Rob Palmer Unattributed ... pay some people to say good things about the site. Either way, be very careful. 7 Reasons Why You Should Be Careful Taking Online Surveys For Money By Rob Palmer Smashwords Edition * * * * Published ... particular survey, and we ended up not getting paid and wasting time at the same time. Here’s what you should do. Read the email carefully first, checking if you qualify to take that survey. It’s better...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 15:20

... in IRS’s Tax- Exempt Bond Office in its Government Entities and Tax- Exempt Division and Treasury’s Office of Tax Policy and other experts in taxation and government finance in the Government ... separate federal tax system that applies to both individual and corporate taxpayers. It parallels the income tax system but with different rules for determining taxable income, different tax rates ... appropriate uses of tax- exempt governmental bonds, it should also consider whether other facilities that are privately used, such as hotels, should continue to be financed with tax- exempt bonds....

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 07:20