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... the validation of the findings is minimal The aim of the present study was to assess US for the detection of inflammatory and destructive changes in finger and toe joints, tendons, and entheses ... MRI was used as the standard reference method for the calculation of the sensitivity and specificity of US, x-ray, and clinical examination [12] The statistical software used was SPSS version ... Ultrasonography observations in psoriasis-associated arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis patients and healthy control persons All Psoriasis-associated arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis Healthy control persons MCP...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 10:21

... glenoid [16] The extent of this bony wear seems to be related to the seriousness of the disease [20,21] These AP-views are also useful to evaluate some morphological osseous properties of the shoulder ... on the clinical status of the patient This is in contrast with the statement of Nové-Josserand et al who demonstrates a strong statistical correlation between the Constant score versus Hamada stage ... arthropathy Furthermore this basic investigation is applied to distinguish various types of the disease with specific therapeutical consequences This multicenter database studies preoperative...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 04:20

... glenoid [16] The extent of this bony wear seems to be related to the seriousness of the disease [20,21] These AP-views are also useful to evaluate some morphological osseous properties of the shoulder ... on the clinical status of the patient This is in contrast with the statement of Nové-Josserand et al who demonstrates a strong statistical correlation between the Constant score versus Hamada stage ... arthropathy Furthermore this basic investigation is applied to distinguish various types of the disease with specific therapeutical consequences This multicenter database studies preoperative...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 07:20

... versus clinical joint assessment in finger joints Signs of inflammation US + clinical assessment US only Clinical assessment only Joints with no signs of inflammation on US or clinical assessment ... examination in assessing signs of inflammation, with only a slight loss of specificity The present study strongly encourages further studies of use of ultrasonography to assess RA finger joints 10 11 ... were assessed in all accessible aspects of the joints and registered separately In MCP joints, of which 108 exhibited ultrasonographic signs of inflammation, these signs were present on both the...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 07:20

Ngày tải lên: 13/05/2014, 09:20

... validation of the schedule of compulsions, obsessions, and pathological impulses (SCOPI) Assessment 2005, 12:50-65 Foa EB, Kozak MJ, Salkovskis P, Coles ME, Amir N: The validation of a new obsessive-compulsive ... nervous system diseases, or mental illness (except OCD patients); (3) had a history of substance abuse These exclusion criteria ensured that all the participants could understand the procedures in ... Characteristic analyses; SCID-CV: Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV axis I disorders, clinician version; SCOPI: the Schedule of Compulsions, Obsessions, and Pathological Impulses; VOCI: the...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:22

... if the band of intermediate signal intensity had a uniform thickness If >1 defect was present on the same site the highest score was used Intraobserver repeatability was assessed in 50 subjects ... with the greatest BML size This may bias towards shallow but flat lesions; however, it is customary to measure BMLs this way The majority of previous studies also grade BMLs on the slice with the ... stiffness, or function deficit) to (most severe pain, stiffness or severe function problems) Knee pain, function, and stiffness assessments consisted of 5, 17, and questions each; therefore, the...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 15:22

... cos χ −sinχ xS xS ⎝ yS ⎠ = ⎝0 cos θ −sinθ⎠ ◦ ⎝ sin χ cos χ 0⎠ ◦ ⎝⎝ yS ⎠ − ⎝ ⎠⎠ zS zS sin θ cos θ 0 zq (2.8) ⎛ ⎞ ⎞ ⎛ xS xs cos χ − ys sin χ or finally ⎝ yS ⎠ = ⎝ xs sin χ cos θ + ys cos χ cos θ ... real emission characteristic is simulated The intensity distribution of the source is thus understood as the probability distribution of the necessary parameters, namely position and angle The main ... coordinates (xs , ys , zs ) and its direction cosines (ls , ms , ns ) determined by the horizontal and vertical emission angles ϕ and ψ (see Fig 2.8): ⎞ ⎛ ⎛ ⎞ lS sin ϕ cos ψ ⎠ S = ⎝ mS ⎠ = ⎝ sin ψ...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:22

... equations Reflectivity Rs , Rp , Δsp Gratings Diffraction Efficiency Es , Ep , Δsp Foils Fresnel equations Transmission Ts , Tp , Δsp Slits Zone-plates – – Transmission Ts , Tp = Δsp = Transmission Ts ... and polarisation state RAY employs the Stokes formalism for this purpose The Stokes vector S = (S0 , S1 , S2 , S3 ) describing the polarisation (S1 , S2 : linear, S3 : circular polarisation) for ... is given either as free input parameter or, for dipole sources, is calculated according to the Schwinger theory S0 , the start intensity √ of the ray from the source S0 = S1 + S2 + S3 , is set...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:22

... parameters used in running the codes are given to assist new users 5.4.1 Gaussian Tests: Stigmatic Focus The optical system consists simply of a single toroidal mirror placed 10 m beyond the waist ... nm) with a waist of RMS size 212 μm at m √ from the waist Note that for Gaussian sources, the waist size is defined as times the RMS size, that is, the input waist value was 300 μm A small interface ... gives overviews of two different numerical approaches, used in the wavefront propagation codes SRW and PHASE Comparisons of the results from these codes for some simple test cases are presented,...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:22

... devices on SANS spectrometers The use of single crystal materials is also compulsory to avoid that the sample SANS signal is overwhelmed by the signal from the optics system Another limitation is ... avoids the use of pyrolitic graphite or beryllium filters The use of such bent crystals is discussed in [5] Even though perfect crystals are used, which suggests that their use should be restricted ... thickness of the lens increases when one goes away of the central optical axis Attempts have been made to build Fresnel lenses [14, 15] These attempts have not been successful since spurious refraction...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:22

... mm when used in double pass (5 mm in single pass) between cross polarizers The size of the beam is defined by an iris aperture located as close as reasonably possible to the SUT so that the probe ... roughness in the radial direction as a function of the zone height Such a roughness can be observed in sputtered sliced zone plates, because the deposition process on the microwire causes roughness ... encoder was used (as today) to determine the position of the measurement The most important part of the instrument is, of course, the optics head The schematic shown in Fig 10.2 includes some improvements...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:22

... concordance of residual errors is better for S3 , which has the shortest length and the longest radius, than for S2 which has the opposite features The rms agreement of the slope errors varies from 0.13 ... curves of the residual slopes after best sphere subtraction are quite superimposable These five mirrors cross measured with high consistency can be considered as reference mirrors for instrument ... repeatability of the sensor (obtained by subtracting two successive wavefronts measurements) was measured about λEUV /125 rms, independently of the analysis pupil size The sensitivity was measured about...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:22

... fluorescent X-rays The spatial resolution is limited by the focusing optics Scanning transmission X-ray microscopes (STXRM) for soft X-rays use Fresnel zone plates as high resolution objectives to ... by the dashed lines) If the thickness of the section is increased (center) the low-Z layers will start being “shaded” by the irregularities of the high-Z layers Thus, the measured thickness with ... flat Si substrates to make the desired elliptical shape In a profile-coating process, the sputter source power is kept constant, while the substrate is passed over a contoured mask at a constant speed...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:22

... steps 312 S Lagomarsino et al In both cases, the mirrors follow the design shape, and the overall structures are satisfactory The main problem is the wall roughness which presently exceeds the ... tolerances and surface roughness These calculations indicate that the improvement of roughness is of primary importance, and ways of addressing this during possible manufacturing processes are discussed ... example for the application of micro-XRF is the analysis of a stone with an included fossil snail This stone was found on the coast of the Baltic Sea on the island Ruegen The sample shows a strong...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:22

... look like focusing objects, can be used as transmission lenses for the focusing of X-rays Even though the focusing in this case requires the passage through many prism surfaces, the transmission ... techniques such as the Bosch process [22] of deep etching in silicon are required to manufacture MOAs The Bosch process utilises successive etch/passivate stages to create the channels while preventing ... produce smooth layers Not only the substrate roughness should be as low as possible, but the interface roughness as well The larger the number of layers the more critical the interface roughness is,...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:22

... thicknesses for these systems were 620 ± 100 nm and 2,500 ± 200 nm As for the monochromators, for the supermirrors the stress becomes more tensile with increasing positive bias voltage The stress ... fill the voids The layer is denser and the stress is normally tensile The value of the stress is a function of the mobility of adatoms and passes abruptly from tensile to compressive for increasing ... bending the substrate such stresses can lead to the films peeling from the substrate, or even to the destruction of the substrate surface, and so must be avoided After an introduction to stress, this...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:22

... (increasing) thicknesses for the more (less) absorbing material from the innermost to the outermost layer This complicates the calculation of the layer thicknesses, more so when optimizing SQWMs with ... techniques In a static setup, masks modify the particle fluxes while dynamic approaches use moving masks or the relative motion between source and substrate In the sputter deposition system at the ... widens the energy bandpass and therefore opens the dispersion area, thereby increasing the intersection zone in (E, q) space The most attractive solution, 25 Specially Designed Multilayers 415...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:22

... leaves the crystal with minimal sagittal deviation Let us suppose that there is another crystal adjusted in dispersion position with respect to the first crystal This beam impinges on the second ... polished It is seen that for the long focusing distances the size of the demagnified image of the source is also large There are three ways by which one can decrease the focusing distances The first ... grooves [24] This showed that the system is practically aberration free In spite of this, the size of the focus in our experiments was always somewhat larger than the theoretical one This is due...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:22

... vector u, representing the displacement of the atoms from the equilibrium position in the perfect crystal This displacement must satisfy some limitations, the same as in the case of elastic wave propagation ... reflection, the crystal surface was treated by chemical dynamic polishing so that the roughness does not exceed nm This treatment is very important because the roughness decreases the value of the critical ... in distorted crystals presented in [46–48] In this case, the multilayer acts as an artificial crystal The deformation field in the crystal (as in the theory of elasticity) is described by the vector...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:22