voltage modulation and temperature variation 201

... Case, Standard Linear Solid Critical Load Case, Standard Linear Solid Supercritical Load Case, Standard Linear Solid Time -Temperature Shift Factor for PMMA Effect of Temperature Cycling, Standard ... the synchronous load and temperature variation presents the most relevant problem and is the only one considered here We assume that for this simple material model, a time -temperature superposition ... loading and unloading portions of a cycle are of different durations tl and t2 **(T) Per =T + lib.) t2 cf>1 lib + T (1 00 t2 cf>1 For constant temperature (

Ngày tải lên: 29/11/2014, 06:49

... names and addresses, as well as the addressees’ names, have been changed The individual and company names and addresses in the sample letters are fictitious, and any similarity to actual names and ... company in the United States is listed in Standard and Poor’s Register of Corporations, which is published yearly and is available online at www.standardandpoors.com Most public libraries have such ... the mail today, and it’s already 3:00 P.M Step 6, 7, Shake, rattle, and roll: You stare at that cursed blank page, envision the finished product, and visualize all the heartache and strife you’ll...

Ngày tải lên: 05/10/2012, 09:52

... FlexRay - a standard in the automotive industry The FlexRay bus system is an industrial standard and is therefore supported and further developed by many manufacturers 37 E70 Voltage Supply and Bus ... - “Vertical Dynamics Systems” 38 E70 Voltage Supply and Bus Systems NOTES PAGE 39 E70 Voltage Supply and Bus Systems System Overview 40 E70 Voltage Supply and Bus Systems Legend for System Overview ... unplugging and re-connecting the connectors for the wiring harness The fuses must be braced when plugging in the wiring harness 18 E70 Voltage Supply and Bus Systems NOTES PAGE 19 E70 Voltage Supply and...

Ngày tải lên: 19/10/2012, 13:48

... nucleation and growth processes At lower temperatures of 25 and 40 °C, the times for the formation of stable absorption maxima were 65 and 45 min, respectively These lower temperatures and longer ... formation between 9-BBN and excess thiols significantly influences steps (i) and (ii) in Scheme Temperature Effects on Reaction Rate and Particle Size We investigated the effect of temperature on the ... corrosive and should be handled with extreme care) and then rinsed with copious amounts of nanopure water and dried overnight prior to use All reactions were carried out in air Spectroscopy and Microscopy...

Ngày tải lên: 18/09/2013, 21:27

... Nyquist bandwidth constraint Nyquist bandwidth constraint: The theoretical minimum required system bandwidth to detect Rs [symbols/s] without ISI is Rs/2 [Hz] Equivalently, a system with bandwidth ... ≥ [symbol/s/Hz] 2T W Bandwidth efficiency, R/W [bits/s/Hz] : An important measure in DCs representing data throughput per hertz of bandwidth Showing how efficiently the bandwidth resources are ... noise and no ISI) Lecture 16 Example of eye pattern: Binary-PAM, SRRQ pulse … AWGN (Eb/N0=20 dB) and no ISI Lecture 17 Example of eye pattern: Binary-PAM, SRRQ pulse … AWGN (Eb/N0=10 dB) and no...

Ngày tải lên: 18/10/2013, 06:15

... Last time, we talked about: Channel coding Linear block codes The error detection and correction capability Encoding and decoding Hamming codes Cyclic codes Lecture 10 Today, we are going to talk ... machine with memory This fundamental difference in approach imparts a different nature to the design and evaluation of the code Block codes are based on algebraic/combinatorial techniques Convolutional ... coding rate, determining the number of data bits per coded bit In practice, usually k=1 is chosen and we assume that from now on K is the constraint length of the encoder a where the encoder has...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2013, 06:15

... Full-duplex, error detection and correction codes Lecture Why using error correction coding? Error performance vs bandwidth Power vs bandwidth P Data rate vs bandwidth Capacity vs bandwidth B Coded A F ... error detection and correction capability Encoding and decoding Hamming codes Cyclic codes Lecture Block diagram of a DCS Format Source encode Channel encode Pulse modulate Bandpass modulate ... about: Evaluating the average probability of symbol error for different bandpass modulation schemes Comparing different modulation schemes based on their error performances Lecture Today, we are...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2013, 06:15

... − DL(1 + L) N One path with weight 5, length and data weight of One path with weight 6, length and data weight of One path with weight 5, length and data weight of Lecture 12 15 Systematic Convolutional ... distance between each of the codewords and the all-zero codeword This is the minimum distance in the set of all arbitrary long paths along the trellis that diverge and remerge to the all-zero path ... per Branch word Lecture 12 Soft and hard decision decoding In hard decision: The demodulator makes a firm or hard decision whether one or zero is transmitted and provides no other information...

Ngày tải lên: 29/10/2013, 13:15

... We studied the structure of the encoder and different ways for representing it Lecture 11 Today, we are going to talk about: What are the state diagram and trellis representation of the code? ... 13 AWGN channels For BPSK modulation the transmitted sequence corresponding to the codeword U (m ) is denoted by ( where S ( m ) = ( S1( m ) , S 2( m ) , , Si( m ) , ) and Si ( m ) = ( s1(im ) ... s (jim ) , , snim ) ) and sij = ± Ec The log-likelihood function becomes ∞ n γ U (m) = ∑∑ z ji s (jim ) =< Z, S ( m ) > i =1 j =1 Inner product or correlation between Z and S Maximizing the correlation...

Ngày tải lên: 29/10/2013, 13:15

... Low-pass Band-pass High-pass Realizable filters: RC filters Butterworth filter Lecture 23 Bandwidth of signal Baseband versus bandpass: Baseband signal Bandpass signal Local oscillator Bandwidth ... designing a digital communication system (DCS): Utilized techniques Formatting and source coding Modulation (Baseband and bandpass signaling) Channel coding Equalization Synchronization Design goals ... Bandwidth dilemma: Bandlimited signals are not realizable! Realizable signals have infinite bandwidth! Lecture 24 Bandwidth of signal … Different definition of bandwidth: a) Half-power bandwidth b) Noise...

Ngày tải lên: 08/11/2013, 18:15

... Implementation cost and complexity Lecture 19 Spectra of PCM waveforms Lecture 20 M-ary pulse modulation M-ary pulse modulations category: M-ary pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM) M-ary pulse-position modulation ... comparing and selecting PCM waveforms: Spectral characteristics (power spectral density and bandwidth efficiency) Bit synchronization capability Error detection capability Interference and noise ... digital communication systems Some basic concepts and definitions as signal classification, spectral density, random process, linear systems and signal bandwidth Lecture 2 Today, we are going to talk...

Ngày tải lên: 08/11/2013, 18:15

Ngày tải lên: 13/11/2013, 02:11

... expected overvoltages and the characteristics of overvoltage protective devices on the one hand, and with the expected micro-environment and the pollution protective means on the other hand [2.5.61 ... 13 LOW -VOLTAGE SWITCHGEAR AND CONTROLGEAR ASSEMBLIES Part 1: Type-tested and partially type-tested assemblies General 1.1 Scope and object This International Standard applies to low -voltage ... current and diameter of copper wire 141 Table 13 Dielectric withstand voltages for impulse, power frequency and d.c tests 157 Table 14 Minimum clearances in air 157 Table 15 Test voltages...

Ngày tải lên: 25/12/2013, 11:00

... International Standards transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional standards Any divergence between the IEC Standard and the corresponding national or regional standard ... instructions and mounted as in service, to withstand the required impulse voltage stated by the manufacturer, considering the overvoltage category and the maximum of the rated operational voltage ... Low -voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies, of IEC technical committee 17: Switchgear and controlgear This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 1987 and its...

Ngày tải lên: 25/12/2013, 11:05

... International Standards transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional standards Any divergence between the IEC Standard and the corresponding national or regional standard ... 1211 GENEVA 20 Switzerland i(I COPYRIGHT International Electrotechnical Commission I Licensed by Information Handling Services Q1 Please report on ONE STANDARD and ONE STANDARD ONLY Enter the ... STANDARD ONLY Enter the exact number of the standard: (e.g 60607-1-1) Q6 standard is out of date standard is incomplete standard is too academic standard is too superficial title is misleading...

Ngày tải lên: 25/12/2013, 11:06

... International Standards transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional standards Any divergence between the I EC Standard and the corresponding national or regional standard ... ASSEMBLY shall consist of an incoming unit and may include a low voltage/ extra-low voltage (LV/ELV) transformer unit and, possibly, one or more low voltage/ low voltage (LV/LV) transformer units 9.4.2 ... be connected to the ACS 7.2.5 Lifting and handling devices of ACS Lifting rings and/ or handles (or any other equivalent system) shall be provided on the ACS and be firmly attached to the enclosure...

Ngày tải lên: 25/12/2013, 11:07

... International Standards transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional standards Any divergence between the I EC Standard and the corresponding national or regional standard ... withstand 8.2.9.1.1 shock load withstand 8.2.9.1.2 torsional stress withstand 8.2.9.1.3 Torsion withstand - type test 12.2 impact strength 8.2.9.2 Verification of: 12.2.1 impact force withstand ... air temperature between 10 "C and 40 "C after the CDC has been kept within these temperatures for not less than 12 h Test shall be carried out at an ambient air temperature between 10 "C and...

Ngày tải lên: 25/12/2013, 11:08

... Quantization Uniform and non-uniform Baseband modulation Binary pulse modulation M-ary pulse modulation M-PAM (M-ay Pulse amplitude modulation) Lecture Formatting and transmission of baseband signal Digital ... statistic) 12 ˆ mi Baseband and bandpass Bandpass model of detection process is equivalent to baseband model because: The received bandpass waveform is first transformed to a baseband waveform Equivalence ... Receiver structure Demodulation (and sampling) Detection First step for designing the receiver Matched filter receiver Correlator receiver Lecture Demodulation and detection g i (t ) Bandpass si (t...

Ngày tải lên: 27/01/2014, 08:20

... of AWGN and ISI on the transmitted signal Optimum filter to maximize SNR Matched filter receiver and Correlator receiver Lecture Receiver job Demodulation and sampling: Waveform recovery and preparing ... For bandpass signals Received waveform Receiving filter Equalizing filter ˆ mi Threshold comparison Compensation for channel induced ISI Baseband pulse (possibly distored) Lecture Baseband pulse ... we need a signal space? It is a means to convert signals to vectors and vice versa It is a means to calculate signals energy and Euclidean distances between signals Why are we interested in Euclidean...

Ngày tải lên: 27/01/2014, 08:20

... time we talked about: Receiver structure Impact of AWGN and ISI on the transmitted signal Optimum filter to maximize SNR Matched filter and correlator receiver Signal space used for detection ... deterministic Elements of noise vector n = (n1 , n2 , , nN ) are i.i.d Gaussian random variables with zero-mean and variance N / The noise vector pdf is ⎛ n2⎞ ⎟ pn (n) = exp⎜ − (πN )N / ⎜ N ⎟ ... Signal space used for detection Orthogonal N-dimensional space Signal to waveform transformation and vice versa Lecture Today we are going to talk about: Signal detection in AWGN channels Minimum...

Ngày tải lên: 27/01/2014, 08:20