volkmann s contractures in developing countries

... mother s work status, sometimes without indicating if the correlation is statistically significant In some cases these analyses are refined by stratifying the sample on factors such as child ... policymakers This is especially the case because, as discussed below, trends such as increasing female headship and smaller family size are likely to place increasing pressure on girls to curtail ... time doing chores and less time in school (Levison and Moe 1998) In Indonesia, Pitt and Rosenzweig (1990) find that an infant s illness causes older girls in the household to shift from schooling...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 09:20

... criminal activities but also stresses the connections and interactions between those sectors The informal economy has various links with formal enterprises due to business contacts, such as the delivery ... the informal sector into the formal waste management system instead of investing the scarce financial resources in inappropriate high tech solutions Therefore, it is first necessary to analyse ... nations A special feature of SWM in developing countries is the existence of an informal solid waste management system existing parallel to the formal structures The informal sector (IS) is mostly...

Ngày tải lên: 24/08/2013, 18:48

... wastewater from subsystems including septic tanks, baffled septic tanks and the treatment system using anaerobic ponds This methane gas is 21 times Materials (Resources) Scenario Scenario On-site ... toilets such as single vault latrines, double vault compost latrines, flush toilets and septic tanks are improperly maintained At present, no policy dealing with the distinct issues of small towns ... households are using septic tank and semi-septic tank toilets, 20% use double vault compost latrines, 18% use single vault compost latrines and the remaining use flushing toilets without septic...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 10:15

... inadequate income, shelter and assets for individuals and households, and inadequate provision of infrastructure and basic services such as health services, roads, schools and vocational training [19,32] ... has used standardized measures of SES defined at the household and community levels to document the scale of inequities in child malnutrition in SSA It has shown that across countries in SSA, ... Limitations of the study One of the problems in cross-country studies on urban/ rural differentials is the classification of localities as urban or rural Some countries classify in terms of administrative...

Ngày tải lên: 12/02/2014, 19:20

... differences in the structure of the school system, differences in starting ages, differences in repetition and dropout rates by age, and differences in access to secondary school for those completing ... rises in the percent having premarital sex in of the countries The net result of these changes has been a rise in the percentage having sex by age 18 in only two of these countries; in the rest ... 18 as a function of changes in grades of school attained in 49 DHS countries indicates that although the decline in the percent marrying early is associated with the rise in mean grades attained...

Ngày tải lên: 13/02/2014, 10:20

... cases identified in the latest stages of the disease and the lack of access to human and technological resources While there is substantial evidence to suggest that breast self-examination is ... address them in developing countries Such is the case of reproductive cancers and, especially, breast cancer, an obvious reproductive health issue, considering the demonstrated or likely associations ... protective measure against breast cancer is breast-feeding Research from Mexico is consistent with this finding.13 Recent research reviews, including the World Cancer Report,14 suggest that after...

Ngày tải lên: 13/02/2014, 16:20

... sample districts, adapting existing needs-assessments where possible Specific tools for baseline needs assessments are available from various school health websites, including UNESCO s FRESH Framework, ... establish indicators …………………………… 12 Principle 7: Strive to work with existing systems and infrastructure, such as teacher training systems and education management information systems (EMIS) ... supervision systems School health programs benefit greatly when they are part of in- service and pre-service training systems But including the inspectorate is also essential to ensure lasting monitoring...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 13:20

... (d’apres les symptomes) et ` ˆ les maladies respiratoires obstructives chroniques (d’apres les signes cliniques et les tests spirometriques) ` ´ est bien etablie, surtout chez les femmes; ces affections ... usually involving fibrosis), including cases with progressive massive fibrosis, in subjects exposed to wood smoke Exposure to inorganic or organic dusts may coexist in these patients, but evidence ... tobacco smoke trigger asthma in sensitized individuals (79, 81) In developing countries, studies on biomass smoke in relation to asthma in children and adults have yielded mixed findings A questionnaire...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 22:20

... focusing on a firm s business processes rather than on its assets or resources (Zollo and Winter 2002) Resource-based-view scholars argue that differences between firms in terms of resources and ... opportunities, diversify business risks and increase profits (Leonidou and Katsikeas 1996; Ramaseshan and Soutar 1996) As international markets are becoming increasingly integrated and interdependent, ... horizontal ties (relationships involving SMEs in the same industry segment or producing complementary products) and vertical ties (relationships involving SMEs specialized in sequential activities of...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 21:20

... as an intercrop, are the basal feed resources of ruminants in developing countries Crop residues such as straw are by far the greatest available biomass Straw is considered by most scientists ... Nevertheless, the increasing pressure for meat production to meet the demand of the urban middle class will see these and industrial scale production systems increase in developing countries so long as ... the results as two distinct sets of data described by independent linear regressions These regressions are intended to provide prediction equations relatively easily understood Increase in LWt...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 23:20

... was used as a soap and for its fish-killing properties The US scientists have found that it is also effective in killing Zebra mussels disturbing water flows in Northern American pipe system US ... genetic resources Inclusion of such a funding mechanism has proved to be the single most important ingredient in assuring the success and compliance in the past environmental agreements such as the ... granted in developing countries are used there in production processes while fewer than percent of the patents issued in developing countries go to developing countries nationals Additionally, inventors...

Ngày tải lên: 13/03/2014, 21:59

... et les ressources humaines insuffisantes Des financements sont donc nécessaires pour que les éleveurs disposant de ressources limitées puissent bénéficier de la biotechnologie Mots-cl s Biotechnologie ... vaccine against the one-host tick Boophilus microplus Vaccination is one of the most effective and sustainable methods of controlling disease (33, 34) Vaccines against parasitic diseases in Africa ... is especially useful in diagnosing livestock disease Many diagnostic techniques currently used in developing countries are cumbersome and unsuitable for low-resource settings Molecular diagnostic...

Ngày tải lên: 13/03/2014, 22:00

... aux soins prénataux ou obstétricaux (ou les deux) dans cinq des 15 pays l’étude (rapports de probabilit s 0,5–0,9) Dans six pays, les mères plus jeunes sont aussi moins susceptibles que leurs aînées ... Peru or Indonesia In these cases, we computed asset scores for each household using SAS version and the formula used by the World Bank.59 Statistical Analysis Descriptive statistics were obtained ... random assignment or baseline measures in their study designs.68 In addition to making health services more responsive to adolescents’ unique needs, interventions should target adolescents in their...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 11:20

... dimensions of health in two principal ways First, it has been hypothesized that socioeconomic stress undermines the physiological systems that sustain health A second hypothesis is that a woman s ... circles, but there are now examples of similar associations across the developing world.58 A number of these associations began as grassroots savings groups, but with assistance from NGOs have ... least some premiums, or whose care can be covered by cross-subsidies using funds raised from those who are less poor In Colombia and Mexico, simplified forms of proxy means testing (based in...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 14:20

... for terminally ill patients, especially in low-resource settings, involves using inexpensive painkillers from aspirin to opiates, Table Costs and Benefits of Once -in- a Lifetime Screening for ... is higher Still, as with other cancers, more studies in developing countries are needed to obtain reliable data on the true costs of these interventions cancer is largely ineffective, screening ... facilities in include increasing taxes on the products, restricting developing countries The detection and treatment of or banning advertising and promotion, banning cervical cancer, in particular, is...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 01:20

... decreasing in the level of emissions because these investments generate diminishing marginal returns The plant chooses a level of emissions that minimizes the sum of these two types of costs—that ... regulation in developing countries aims to identify the determinants of manufacturing plants’ emissions decisions, focusing on pressures generated by nonregulatory agents such as local communities, shareholders, ... least partly because disentangling such impacts is inherently difficult Nevertheless, existing empirical research suggests that public disclosure programs have spurred emissions reductions by...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 16:20

... this discussion, linearity between population exposures and personal exposures is assumed Since ill-health is the concern, this approach implicitly assumes a linear (dose­ response) relationship ... populations relying on unprocessed biomass fuels (wood, crop residues, dung) , which have high pollutant emission factors , in simple small-scale combustion devices , such as household cooking/heating ... marginal costs per unit reduction of emissions This is ignored when uniform controls are imposed, e g all coal plants must control to a certain emissions level Emissions trading allows sources...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 16:20

... direct losses in agriculture only (Maniak (2004) Generally, the focus of the impact assessments is mostly on direct losses such as housing, infrastructure and private business asset losses; indirect ... addressing those people and businesses that were mainly affected, collecting their responses and summarising the results As the assessment focuses on the individual impacts on the ground, this is ... and in different sectors from the viewpoint of society CBA has its origins in the rate-of return assessment/financial appraisal methods undertaken in business operations to assess whether investments...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 02:20

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 03:20

... with descriptions, potential failure modes, and field examples To assess the usefulness of the interactive slides, the authors conducted surveys in steel design classes at MSU and KNUST in Ghana ... Adom-Asamoah, Senior Lecturer at the Department of Civil Engineering, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana, for his assistance in conducting the survey We also appreciate the KNUST students’ efforts in assessing ... assessing the interactive sculpture We are also indebted to our MSU students for their assistance in developing and assessing the interactive sculpture References [1] Smith, E.A and Epstein, H.I (1980)...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 15:20