viral pharyngitis laryngitis croup and bronchitis
VIRAL ONCOLOGY Basic Science and Clinical Applications pot
... VIRUS 40 AND MESOTHELIOMA Natalya Baranova and Michele Carbone MOLECULAR IMMUNOBIOLOGY OF HEPATITIS B-ASSOCIATED VIRAL CANCER Timothy M Block and Anand S Mehta 191 211 11 HEPATITIS B VACCINE AND HEPATOCELLULAR ... sequences, including the viral origin of replication and binding sites for cellular and viral transcription factors that control viral gene expression (reviewed in Howley and Lowy, 2007) This region ... support the viral life cycle Two early proteins, E1 and E2, are directly involved in viral genome replication E1 is the viral origin binding protein, forms hexamers, and has ATPase and DNA helicase...
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Báo cáo khoa học: Viral entry mechanisms: cellular and viral mediators of herpes simplex virus entry potx
... epidemic and pandemic viral diseases caused by HSV, HIV, papilloma, influenza and many additional viruses Continuing research in this area can lead to a greater understanding of the disease process and ... Interestingly, both uncleaved and cleaved forms of gBs share mixed features of class I and class II viral fusion proteins, and thereby define a new, hybrid class of viral fusogens [6] Class I proteins ... 7233 Cellular and viral mediators of HSV entry J Akhtar and D Shukla additional studies are needed to determine and establish the significance of potential gH receptors Cell-to-cell viral spread...
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Báo cáo sinh học: " Role of HIV-1 subtype C envelope V3 to V5 regions in viral entry, coreceptor utilization and replication efficiency in primary T-lymphocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages" docx
... showed very early and high peaks and 284 and 331 chimeras with much lower level of entry showed lower and/ or more delayed peaks It is interesting to note that chimeras 171, 173, 512 and 514, which ... isolates, and virus production was measured every days We used two subtype C (3041-R5 and 5441-X4) and two subtype B (2099-R5 and 2101-X4/R5) primary isolates that were obtained from AIDS Research and ... transfections and infection experiments SS and SG contributed to the collection of patients' samples and clinical data VS, SRD, RR, NA and SJ participated in the experimental design, data interpretation and...
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Báo cáo hóa học: " Role of HIV-1 subtype C envelope V3 to V5 regions in viral entry, coreceptor utilization and replication " docx
... showed very early and high peaks and 284 and 331 chimeras with much lower level of entry showed lower and/ or more delayed peaks It is interesting to note that chimeras 171, 173, 512 and 514, which ... isolates, and virus production was measured every days We used two subtype C (3041-R5 and 5441-X4) and two subtype B (2099-R5 and 2101-X4/R5) primary isolates that were obtained from AIDS Research and ... transfections and infection experiments SS and SG contributed to the collection of patients' samples and clinical data VS, SRD, RR, NA and SJ participated in the experimental design, data interpretation and...
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Chapter 031. Pharyngitis, Sinusitis, Otitis, and Other Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (Part 1) ppt
... viruses, distinguishing patients with primary viral infection from those with primary bacterial infection is difficult Signs and symptoms of bacterial and viral URIs are, in fact, indistinguishable ... an acute, mild, and self-limited catarrhal syndrome, with a median duration of ~1 week Signs and symptoms are diverse and frequently variable across patients The principal signs and symptoms of ... and varicella-zoster virus) Even with sophisticated diagnostic and culture techniques, a substantial proportion (25–30%) of cases have no assigned pathogen Clinical Manifestations The signs and...
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Chapter 031. Pharyngitis, Sinusitis, Otitis, and Other Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (Part 2) docx
... cases are diagnosed in the ambulatory care setting and occur primarily as a consequence of a preceding viral URI Differentiating acute bacterial and viral sinusitis on clinical grounds is difficult ... alone and with bacteria—have been rhinovirus, parainfluenza virus, and influenza virus Bacterial causes of sinusitis have been better described Among community-acquired cases, S pneumoniae and ... retained, producing the typical signs and symptoms of sinusitis The retained secretions may become infected with a variety of pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, and fungi Sinusitis affects a tremendous...
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Chapter 031. Pharyngitis, Sinusitis, Otitis, and Other Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (Part 3) ppt
... Management of Sinusitis and Committee on Quality Improvement, 2001; Hickner et al, 2001; Piccirillo, 2004; and Sinus and Allergy Health Partnership, 2004 The clinical history and/ or setting can often ... retroorbital or periorbital pain Nasopharyngeal ulcerations, epistaxis, and headaches are also frequent, and involvement of cranial nerves V and VII has been described in more advanced cases Bony erosion ... particularly when the infection has spread to the orbits and cavernous sinus Signs such as orbital swelling and cellulitis, proptosis, ptosis, and decreased extraocular movement are common, as is...
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Chapter 031. Pharyngitis, Sinusitis, Otitis, and Other Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (Part 4) docx
... conduct endoscopic examinations and obtain tissue samples for histologic examination and culture Chronic fungal sinusitis is a disease of immunocompetent hosts and is usually noninvasive, although ... antibiotics to cover common pathogens such as S aureus and gram-negative bacilli Therapy should then be tailored to the results of culture and susceptibility testing of sinus aspirates Chronic ... with either bacteria or fungi, and clinical cure in most cases is very difficult Many patients have undergone treatment with repeated courses of antibacterial agents and multiple sinus surgeries,...
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Chapter 031. Pharyngitis, Sinusitis, Otitis, and Other Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (Part 5) pdf
... Treatment consists of warm compresses and oral antibiotics such as dicloxacillin that are active against typical skin and soft tissue pathogens (specifically, S aureus and streptococci) IV antibiotics, ... swelling, and extreme tenderness of the pinna, although the lobule is less often involved in perichondritis The most common pathogens are P aeruginosa and S aureus, although other gram-negative and ... of heat, retained moisture, and desquamation and maceration of the epithelium of the outer ear canal The disease exists in several forms: localized, diffuse, chronic, and invasive All forms are...
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Chapter 031. Pharyngitis, Sinusitis, Otitis, and Other Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (Part 6) pot
... weeks to months, and often is difficult to distinguish from a severe case of chronic otitis externa because of the presence of purulent otorrhea and an erythematous swollen ear and external canal ... near the junction of bone and cartilage If left unchecked, the infection can migrate to the base of the skull (resulting in skull-base osteomyelitis) and on to the meninges and brain, with a high ... usually affected first and most often Thrombosis of the sigmoid sinus can occur if the infection extends to that area CT, which can reveal osseous erosion of the temporal bone and skull base, can...
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Chapter 031. Pharyngitis, Sinusitis, Otitis, and Other Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (Part 7) pdf
... of positive and negative pressure, but this movement is dampened when fluid is present With bacterial infection, the tympanic membrane can also be erythematous, bulging, or retracted and occasionally ... mucosa (e.g., during examination of young children) Other signs and symptoms that are occasionally reported include vertigo, nystagmus, and tinnitus Acute Otitis Media: Treatment There has been considerable ... In the Netherlands, for instance, physicians typically manage acute otitis media with initial observation, administering anti-inflammatory agents for aggressive pain management and reserving...
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Chapter 031. Pharyngitis, Sinusitis, Otitis, and Other Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (Part 8) ppsx
... keratinaceous debris (cholesteatoma) at the site of invasion This mass can enlarge and has the potential to erode bone and promote further infection, which can lead to meningitis, brain abscess, or ... connect with the middle ear, the process of fluid collection and infection is usually the same in the mastoid as in the middle ear Early and frequent treatment of acute otitis media is most likely ... in erosion of the surrounding bone and the formation of abscess-like cavities that are usually evident on CT Patients typically present with pain, erythema, and swelling of the mastoid process...
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Chapter 031. Pharyngitis, Sinusitis, Otitis, and Other Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (Part 9) docx
... common viral causes include herpes simplex virus (HSV) types and 2, coxsackievirus A, cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) Acute HIV infection can present as acute pharyngitis and ... cause of acute pharyngitis, with rhinoviruses and coronaviruses accounting for large proportions of cases (~20% and at least 5%, respectively) Influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, and adenovirus ... are uncommon; fever is rare, and tender cervical adenopathy and pharyngeal exudates are not seen In contrast, acute pharyngitis from influenza virus can be severe and is much more likely to be...
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Chapter 031. Pharyngitis, Sinusitis, Otitis, and Other Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (Part 10) potx
... antigen-detection test, however, given the lower prevalence and smaller benefit in this age group Table 31-3 Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Pharyngitis Age Diagnostic Criteria Treatment ... symptoms and signs without administering a rapid streptococcal antigen test Sources: Cooper et al, 2001; Schwartz et al, 1998 Cultures and rapid diagnostic tests for other causes of acute pharyngitis, ... and professional societies continue to recommend that all negative rapid antigendetection tests in children be confirmed by a throat culture to limit transmission and complications...
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Chapter 031. Pharyngitis, Sinusitis, Otitis, and Other Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (Part 11) doc
... that involves the sublingual and submandibular spaces and that typically originates from an infected or recently extracted tooth, most commonly the lower second and third molars Improved dental ... odynophagia, and "woody" edema in the sublingual region, forcing the tongue up and back with the potential for airway obstruction Fever, dysarthria, and drooling may also be noted, and patients ... on the lips, HSV can infect the tongue and buccal mucosa, causing the formation of irritating vesicles Although topical antiviral agents (e.g., acyclovir and penciclovir) can be used externally...
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Chapter 031. Pharyngitis, Sinusitis, Otitis, and Other Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (Part 12) pdf
... Histoplasma and Blastomyces may cause laryngitis, often as a complication of systemic infection Candida species can cause laryngitis as well, often in association with thrush or esophagitis and particularly ... laryngitis are due to Coccidioides and Cryptococcus Clinical Manifestations Laryngitis is characterized by hoarseness and can also be associated with reduced vocal pitch or aphonia As acute laryngitis ... active pulmonary disease Croup The term croup actually denotes a group of diseases collectively referred to as "croup syndrome," all of which are acute and predominantly viral respiratory illnesses...
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Chapter 031. Pharyngitis, Sinusitis, Otitis, and Other Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (Part 13) potx
... neck are the submandibular (and sublingual) space, the lateral pharyngeal (or parapharyngeal) space, and the retropharyngeal space These spaces communicate with one another and with other important ... immediate laryngospasm and complete airway obstruction Lateral neck radiographs and laboratory tests can assist in the diagnosis but may delay the critical securing of the airway and cause the patient ... approach may be risky and probably should be reserved only for adult patients who have yet to develop dyspnea or stridor Once the airway has been secured and specimens of blood and epiglottis tissue...
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Báo cáo y học: " Dynamics of viral replication in blood and lymphoid tissues during SIVmac251 infection of macaques" docx
... investigate viral dissemination and replication in peripheral blood and tissues: viral RNA, viral DNA, and 2LTR circles We found a linear correlation between plasma viral RNA levels and total viral ... RNA levels in plasma and viral DNA and 2LTR circle levels in the PBMCs (E-F) Correlations between 2LTR circle levels and viral DNA or plasma viral RNA levels We investigated viral dissemination ... animal, we simultaneously analysed viral RNA levels in plasma and tissue and total viral DNA and 2-LTR circle levels in both PBMC and tissues The immunological and virological patterns in peripheral...
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Báo cáo y học: " Human cellular microRNA hsa-miR-29a interferes with viral nef protein expression and HIV-1 replication" ppsx
... upper and lower panels) This data clearly show that hsa-miR-29a inhibits Nef expression and viral repli- Figure hsa-mir-29a and b inhibited Nef expression and HIV-1 replication hsa-mir-29a and ... hsa-mir-29a and 29b pEGFP-miRNA construct expressing hsa-mir-29a and 29b (A) Diagrammatic representation of pEGFP-N3 vector containing pre-miR29a and 29b (B) Expression of hsa-mir-29a and 29b confirmed ... transfection, cells were lysed and expression of Nef was analyzed by immunoblotting using HA antibody Immunoreactive actin bands were used as loading control (B and C) hsa-miR-29a and hsa-miR-29b miRNA...
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Báo cáo y học: "Sequential emergence and clinical implications of viral mutants with K70E and K65R mutation in reverse transcriptase during prolonged tenofovir monotherapy in rhesus macaques with chronic RT-SHIV infection" pptx
... Correlations of baseline viral and immunologic parameters and early virologic response to tenofovir therapy Correlations of baseline viral and immunologic parameters and early virologic response ... based on viral RNA levels and standard immune markers [22] Because there are some important differences in the amino acid sequence of HIV-1 and SIV RT which affect susceptibilities and the mutational ... Segregation of K65R and K70E mutations, and linkage of codon 68 mutations with K65R Segregation of K65R and K70E mutations, and linkage of codon 68 mutations with K65R Plasma viral RNA samples...
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