VIRAL ONCOLOGY Basic Science and Clinical Applications pot

[...]... represents our desire to capture and review current and past exciting discoveries on human viral oncology for colleagues and students A few important scientific concepts that are detailed in the various chapters include the epidemiology of human viral- induced cancers, cofactors for viral transformation, the multistepped process of viral transformation, and the common and varying mechanisms used by different... epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV), Viral Oncology: Basic Science and Clinical Applications Edited by Kamel Khalili and Kuan-Teh Jeang Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc 1 2 HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS-ASSOCIATED CANCERS Figure 1.1 HPV cladogram HPV types are categorized based on their genetic similarities The genus alpha papillomaviruses primarily infect mucosal epithelium, and the genus beta papillomaviruses... Donald J Alcendor, Viral Oncology Program, Department of Oncology, Sydney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD Ravit Arav-Boger, Viral Oncology Program, Department of Oncology, Sydney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD Amy Baldwin, The Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Department of Medicine,... cancer, and in particular, the major contributions of the two cancer prevention vaccines, have revived interest in viral oncology The publication of this book, the establishment of viral oncology programs in research centers, and the convening numerous conferences are indications of this change These activities could once more bring virus research to the forefront in the never-ending endeavor to understand... Human Pathology and Oncology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy Lorenzo Leoncini, Department of Human Pathology and Oncology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy Susan J Marriott, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX Masao Matsuoka, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan Anand S Mehta, Department of Microbiology and Immunology,... contributed thoughtfully written chapters, and we are indebted to Thomas H Moore and Ian Collins at Wiley, and to Sandy Weiss who has provided us with excellent logistics and editorial assistance The publication of this book is also accompanied by the development of an annual meeting on human oncogenic viruses organized by the International Committee on Viral Oncology Research (ICVOR) Kamel Khalili Kuan-Teh... they are poorer sites for viral production This makes these anatomical transition areas sites where abnormal and inadequate viral gene expression, and ultimately HPV genome integration, are likely to occur With HPV genome integration, regulatory viral genes may be lost, and epithelial cells are driven to immortalization, which can progress to cancer EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HPV INFECTIONS AND CANCER Genus Alpha... Pap smears to be reliable and potentially helpful (Cranston et al., 2004; Mathews et al., 2004) Genus Alpha HPVs and Head and Neck Cancers Head and neck cancers are associated with genus alpha HPV infections (Table 1.1), although this is a weaker correlation than with anogenital cancers (Fakhry and Gillison, 6 HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS-ASSOCIATED CANCERS 2006) Also, although tobacco and alcohol use are risk... promoter (p97), and the E1, E2, E4, and E5 genes are expressed from the late promoter (p670) (Fig 1.2) but utilize the early polyadenylation site The early open reading frames drive viral DNA replication and expression, as well as dysregulate the normal epithelial cell cycle for the benefit of HPV viral production HPV EARLY AND LATE GENE EXPRESSION 7 Figure 1.3 HPV genome HPV is a double-stranded DNA virus... (VLPs) and in the cellular nucleus in vivo to encapsulate the HPV genome into infectious virus particles GENUS ALPHA HPV ONCOGENES E6 and E7 expression is normally regulated by E2 In persistent HPV infections, HPV viral DNA can integrate into cellular DNA, and through this integration, the E2 gene is typically lost (Jeon et al., 1995) Unchecked, E6 and E7 mRNA and protein levels increase (Jeon and Lambert, . w0 h0" alt="" VIRAL ONCOLOGY VIRAL ONCOLOGY Basic Science and Clinical Applications Edited by Kamel Khalili, PhD Department of Neuroscience Center for. Data Viral oncology : basic science and clinical applications / edited by Kamel Khalili, Kuan-Teh Jeang. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and