vip and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide pacap

... identified and characterized with a radioligand-binding assay using 125I-labelled VIP, and the binding affinities of VIP and PACAP2 7 for Fig RT-PCR analysis of pituitary adenylate cyclase- activating polypeptide ... Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) receptor-binding activity (A) and adenylate cyclase activation (B) with VIP and pituitary adenylate cyclase- activating polypeptide 27 (PACAP2 7) in L2 cells (A) Concentration-inhibition ... intestinal polypeptide receptor VPAC(2) mRNA in human airways Lab Invest 81, 749–755 25 Rawlings, S.R & Hezareh, M (1996) Pituitary adenylate cyclaseactivating polypeptide (PACAP) and PACAP/ vasoactive...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 15:20

... of PACAP as determined by RIA: highly abundant in the rat brain and testes Endocrinology 1991, 129, 2787-2789 Arimura A Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) : discovery and ... Kwak SD, Kang SS, Cho GJ, Chun SY, Kwon HB, Choi WS Expression of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) and PACAP type I A receptor mRNAs in granulosa cells of preovulatory ... Fabbri A, Piccione E, Frajese G, Moretti C Pituitary adenylate cyclase- activating polypeptide (PACAP) and PACAPreceptor type expression in rat and human placenta Endocrinology 2000, 141, 1158-1167...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 18:21

... adenylate cyclase- activating polypeptide (PACAP) [14–16], and their neuroprotective effects were associated with the deactivation of caspase-3, an apoptotic enzyme In humans and rats, VIP and related ... control and STZ-treated groups with respect to the expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL, showing a 63% and 74% decrease of Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL, respectively (Fig 6B,C) Although both PACAP2 7 and PACAP3 8 ... K, Yajima T & Kashimoto K (2002) Pituitary adenylate cyclase- activating polypeptide and vasoactive intestinal peptide attenuate glutamateinduced nNOS activation and cytotoxicity Regul Pept 107,...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 04:20

... T487 and Glu507 (rPDE numbering) The purine moiety is directly liganded by Ile417 (b1), Ser419 (b1), Phe433 (b2) and Asp434 (b2–b3 loop, Fig 1B,C), and indirectly via water with Val479 and Thr483 ... residues or narrow regions in the cyaB1 and rPDE2 tandem GAF domains that discriminate between the adenine and guanine of cAMP and cGMP as primary ligands Previous experiments investigating cGMP ... filter for cAMP and cGMP, respectively We generated chimeras between the rPDE2 and cyaB1 tandem GAF domains to address the question of how cyclic nucleotide specificity is encoded and obtained proteins...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 02:20

... sp………………………………………………………………… 3x FIG 3.19b Cladogram of PpAC and other Adenylate cyclases from Pseudomo nas sp……………………………………………………………………….3x viii FIG 3.19c Cladogram of PpAC and Adenylate cyclases from other bacterial species ... Chain Reaction Inorganic Phosphate Genes and Proteins: MorA Motility regulator PpAC Pseudomonas putida Adenylate cyclase AC Adenylate Cyclase DGC Diguanylate Cyclase PDE Phosphodiesterase xi CHAPTER ... the Pfl_5493 (Adenylate cyclase) locus and flanking genes in P.fluorescens PfO-1 The primers are depicted as arrows The primer design and cloning strategy to clone the Adenylate cyclase homolog...

Ngày tải lên: 26/11/2015, 22:38

... pertussis adenylate cyclase: the gene and the protein Tokai J Exp Clin Med 13 (Suppl.), 239–252 Ladant, D., Brezin, C., Alonso, J.M., Crenon, I & Guiso, N (1986) Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase ... Munier, H., Sarfati, R.S & Barzu, O (1991) Structural and ligand-binding properties of a truncated form of Bacillus anthracis adenylate cyclase and of a catalytically inactive variant in which glutamine ... latter Crystallization and resolution of the 3D structures of AC and AC–CaM, which are still not available, and labeling of the AC protein at other locations in its regulatory and catalytic domains...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 15:20

... molecular mass (see also Results) and to a lesser extent a few faint bands of the appropriate size of g and f (6 and 10 kDa, Fig 7, CaM–GCAP-1, below k and CPG–GCAP-1 one band at VIII) These critical ... GCAP-1 mutants have lost activating properties Fig Ca2+-dependent electrophoretic mobility shift of GCAPs Wildtype GCAP-1 (a and a¢), CPG–GCAP-1 (b and b¢) and CaM–GCAP-1 (c and c¢) were separated ... first EF-hand was replaced by the first EF-hand of calmodulin (CaM–GCAP-1) or the CP in position 29 and 30 was changed to a G (CPG– GCAP-1) Mutants were heterologously expressed in E coli and purified...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 15:20

... diagnosed pituitary tumors, the first by expanding the patient base and the second, directly In this context, using claims data, we examined whether there was potential bias in the reporting of pituitary ... 900.89 and 900.9 for brain or intracranial injury; 801.xx to 804.xx for skull injury; 191.xx, 198.3, 225.0 to 225.2, 237.5, and 239.6 for brain neoplasm and 170.9, 198.5, 213.9, 238.0 and 239.2 ... symptoms), and subsequently to disproportionately order diagnostic procedures that revealed a coincidental pituitary tumor or false positive related to other causes of pituitary hypertrophy and/ or...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 23:21

... Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase- activating polypeptide (PACAP) protect mice from lethal endotoxemia through the inhibition of TNF-a and IL-6 J Immunol 1999, 162:1200-1205 ... RP: Vasoactive intestinal peptide and pituitary adenylate cyclase- activating polypeptide inhibit endotoxin-induced α TNFα production by macrophages: in vitro and in vivo studies J Immunol 1999, ... inhibitor rolipram and the adenylate cyclase activator forskolin Rolipram and forskolin augmented IL-10 to 779% and 767% whereas TNF-α was inhibited by 50% and 55% at 100 µM and 10 µM, respectively...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:23

... mg EB/mg tissue ratio and confirm the observations made in panels f and g on a quantitative level C5aR is upregulated in the pituitary gland of septic rats Rat pituitary glands were surgically ... kidney and heart [12] C5a-blockade partially reverses cytokine upregulation in the pituitary gland Following isolation of pituitary total RNA, quantitative real-time PCR was performed for TNF and ... cerebral and pituitary edema formation, as assessed by extravasation of albumin and EB (Figure 1) hours anti-C5a IgG treated sham animals and experimental IgG orafter caecal ligation and puncture...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 15:21

Ngày tải lên: 08/01/2017, 20:48

... SJS133 and SJS134 as the external primers and the constructs pTETGLOPAI)2 and pTETGLOARE II-MUT as the templates Mutation of the ARE I-AUUUA and ARE III-AUUUA sequences used primers SJS172 and SJS173, ... SJS173, and SJS174 and SJS175, respectively Mutation of the atypical AU-rich sequence used primers SJS259 and SJS260, and the creation of the ARE II ⁄ ARE IV double mutant used primers SJS261 and ... pCMVglo-PAI-2 3¢ UTR and pCMV-glo-PAI-2 3¢ UTR-ARE MUT [48] with primers SJS133 and SJS134, and cloned into the BglII site in the b-globin 3¢ UTR in pTETGLO, to generate pTETGLOPAI)2 and pTETGLOARE...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 09:20

... HEK293 cells and COS cells Cell membranes were reconstituted with D6SGCAP-1 and GCAP-2 and the EC50 and IC50 values were determined EC50 values were similar as described previously [25,44] and maximal ... synthase and a soluble guanylyl cyclase in vertebrate photoreceptor cells EMBO J 13, 3312–3320 Hwang, J.-Y & Koch, K.-W (2002) Calcium- and myristoyldependent properties of guanylate cyclase- activating ... DC 005349 and HL58151 References Pugh, E.N Jr & Lamb, T.D (2000) Phototransduction in vertebrate rods and cones: Molecular mechanisms of amplification, recovery and light adaptation In Handbook...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 00:20

... characterization Materials and methods Materials Plasmids pGEM-3Zf(+) and pQE30 were from Promega and QIAGEN, respectively [32P]dCTP[aP] (3000 CiÆ mmol)1) was from DuPont-NEN Restriction enzymes and Taq DNA ... as all enzymes showed only one band, except those which cut once into the gene sequence (BamHI, KpnI and SalI), which exhibited two hybridizing bands Chromosomal bands from L donovani 1S2D strain ... alkaline transfer and hybridized to random labelled 690-bp PCR product Under these conditions only one band of  1.9 Mb was obtained diminishing to very low levels in the logarithmic and stationary...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 00:20

... three antiparallel strands (1, and 7) and strand 6, which is parallel to strand b-Strands are located between the four a-helices (a1, 278–294; a2, 305–313; a4, 374–381; and a5, 397–405), with ... structural elements: b-strands (b3, 329–335; b4, 339–344; and b5, 367–372) and a distorted a-helix (a3, 348–356) (Fig 3B,C) The three b-strands of the minidomain are all antiparallel, and form a single ... minidomain and the zinc-binding domain of the zinc finger protein Ynr046w [25] (Fig 8) The fit of the heavy atoms (Ca, C, and N) from three b-strands and the a-helices of both the closed and the open...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 11:20

... in the BSA band (Fig 1A) Concentrationdependent analysis indicated that the EC50 was 95 ± nm for the shift with unfractionated heparin and 28 ± nm for PolyP65 (Fig 1B and Figs S1 and S2) To examine ... heparin and PolyP65 (Fig S5) Heparan sulfate was a co-factor at high concentrations (Fig 3A, lower panel), and dermatan sulfate and polysialic acid C Fig Inhibition of FSAP by PAI-1 and AT; co-factor ... specific proteolytic cleavage and inactivation of PDGF-BB [23], and this process is enhanced by heparin and RNA [24] We observed that low-molecular-weight heparin and heparan sulfate also increase...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 02:20

... combine two particularly potent activating TSHr mutations and to combine an activating mutation together with an inactivating one Double mutant receptors (containing two activating TSHr mutations) ... segment) [17] and I486M (1st extracellular loop) [3], named I486M/P639S, and the double mutant receptor (containing an activating together with an inactivating TSHr mutation) P639S and T477I (1st ... Gs-alpha and Gq-alpha and its binding characteristics and responsiveness to bTSH When two strong activating mutations of the TSHr gene (both possessing constitutive activity for both cAMP and IP...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 08:20

... -2 and -3 (see Results and Fig 1)] Brains (n ¼ 200) were boiled for and homogenized in 5% acetic acid as described previously [9,11,14] The homogenate was centrifuged at 15 000 g for 20 at °C and ... (UCSF) and a corresponding peak was further examined in a tandem MS analysis The needle voltage was optimized at 1000 V and the cone voltage was set at 50 V Argon was used as the collision gas and ... bodies and fibers in the diencephalic region Immunoreactive cell bodies and fibers were localized in the NPPv and the NLTp, respectively In addition, some of immunoreactive fibers projected to the pituitary...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 16:20

... [2Fe)2S] High pH and [GdnHCl] High pH and [GdnHCl] High pH and [GdnHCl] High pH or [urea] Exposure to oxygen High [GdnHCl] Physiological High pH and [GdnHCl] High pH and [GdnHCl] High pH and [GdnHCl] ... presence of secondary structure Both CD bands lose intensity as the protein unfolds (Fig 2C), and the CD spectrum on unfolding resembles that of a random-coil polypeptide Taken together, these spectroscopic ... (absorption and CD changes shown in Fig 3) for each condition This observation suggests that FdTt unfolding is a single process (at pH 2.5 and 7), in which polypeptide unfolding and cluster degradation...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 23:20

... basolateral (Ntcp rat [1], Ntcp mouse1 and [9], Ntcp rabbit [24], and NTCP human [2]) and four apical (Isbt rat [6], Isbt mouse [25], Isbt rabbit [26] and ISBT human [27]) was performed, using ... aspartates, and cysteines in the rat Ntcp are conserved in all of the nine family members: Cys44, Cys98, Cys125, and Cys266 as well as Glu47, Asp115, Asp147, Glu257, and Glu277 The threonines Thr317 and ... (Molecular Probes, Leiden, Netherlands) They were again washed with NaCl/Pi and embedded in Technovit 7100 (Heraeus Kulzer, Wehrheim, Germany) Sections, 5-lm thick, were cut and proteins were detected...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 09:20