vicious cycle of metastatic tumor growth in the bone

... to these prometastatic events is critical for the design of an organ-specific therapy of bone metastasis The BM colonization of metastatic tumors, both of epithelial and non-epithelial origins, ... radius) and hindleg (tibia and femur) On the basis of this inspection, each bone was scored as either containing a metastatic nodule or being free of microscopic tumor The percentage of bones positive ... regulating the growth of metastatic cancer in bone Endocrine-Related Cancer 1999, 6:333-347 Page 13 of 14 10 Mundy GR, Martin TJ: Pathophysiology of skeletal complications of cancer In Handbook of...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... medium, in plates of 100 mm in diameter, and then × 105 cells in 200 ml PBS were injected into the abdominal cavities of experimental mice using a 21 G injector The high dose ascorbic acid dose of ... (hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha) is involved in tumor growth as a vector to which cells adapt in hypoxia, and is also involved in cancer metastasis by increasing the expression of other angiogenesis ... Group D The amounts of ascites were quantified by recording weights of each mouse The weights of Groups A-C were maintained at about 20 g but Groups D-G increased beginning days after cancer injection...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 15:20

... full remission in the liver but relapsed in the central nervous system within two months of withdrawal of trastuzumab maintenance therapy [9] Support for the importance of maintaining HER2 suppression ... first-line metastatic therapy in February 2002 for four months The chemotherapy regimen was then changed to 40 mg/m2 vinorelbine plus 600 mg/m2 gemcitabine on days one and eight in a 21-day cycle ... of metastatic lesion in the liver taken in 2002 Page of Figure Magnetic resonance imaging scan taken in 2003 The hepatic lesion has disappeared of trastuzumab treatment during pregnancy and the...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 02:22

... observable in Fig 3, showing the TEM image of CNTs at the intersection of the first and the second lines in Fig 9a Second, the slope of the second line (0.33 wt%/ min) is almost parallel to that in Fig ... the growth rates of various carbon species In Fig 9a, the curve is roughly dividable into two straight lines, representing the growth of two different species It is interesting to note that the ... becomes poisoned The earlier analyses successfully demonstrate the DT across the catalyst nanoparticle to be one of the major factors in thermal CVD determining the growth mode of CNTs The DT is essentially...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 17:20

... chromosomes are then joined end-to-end to form the amplitude vector of the whole profile In the following, a refers to the amplitude vector of the whole profile of the tumor The generation of the segment, ... step in the inference of the tree to identify the two closest nodes (Figure 2b) The copy number profile of the common precursor of the two nodes is then inferred from the breakpoints they have in ... the set of tumors removed from the patient At each step of the Page 13 of 19 algorithm, the two closest nodes in the Front, in terms of breakpoints, are joined The copy number profile of their...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 20:22

... the tumorigenic activation of basal/ stem cells and their progression toward a metastatic status under the influence of Hh signalling remain to be further elucidated To further characterize the ... whether P63+ basal/stem cells were activated under the influence of Hedgehog overexpression, we examined the pCX-shh-IG-injected prostates during the progression of PIN toward CaP to gain further ... bars: 50 μm in upper (d) of panel A; 10 μm in lower (d) of panel A and in (d) of panel C CaP: prostate cancer; HE: hematoxylin-eosin stain; PIN: prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia; HGPIN: high...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:21

... alteration in Mig or in tumor growth in Egr-1-/- mice, a finding that highlights the importance of the choice of model system when examining tumor/ stromal interactions http://www.jhoonline.org/content/2/1/7 ... underlying the tumor, nor is it systemically higher in the knockout mice, which suggests that it is being produced in the tumor mass itself Since the injected tumor cells are identical in the two ... slower growth in Egr-1-/- mice Mig has previously been shown to slow the growth of tumors in various models In a mouse model of Burkitt's lymphoma, intra-tumoral injection of Mig protein results in...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 22:20

... to the inhibition of tumor growth in the secondary sites With 2/3 of intramesenteric injected-B16F1 cells arresting in the liver sinusoids, the rapid burst of NO induction triggered apoptosis in ... reinforced the concept that the host can release NO and other ROSs as cytotoxic effector molecules to fight against the invading metastatic tumor cells in the microvascular beds of the first-line ... through the production of NO and other ROSs from the sinusoidal endothelium to generate cytotoxicity to invading intravascular tumor cells to fight against cancer metastasis in the liver Evidence of...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 13:20

... on the growth of experimental tumors in mice At the early phase of the experiment, we chose the parameters for CP injections, exogenous DNA administrations, and tumor grafting with the following ... activates the adaptive immune system 1– days after the injection of CP, resulting in suppression of the grafted tumor We chose to graft the tumors 1–2 months after the last administration of the exogenous ... at the animal facility of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics (the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences) were used in experiments Mice in groups of 10 were housed in Page of...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 19:22

... Features PHD zinc finger protein PHD zinc finger protein Composite PHD zinc fingerbromodomain proteins PHD zinc finger protein Bromodomain protein PHD zinc finger proteins PHD zinc finger protein Composite ... Prominent examples of PHD zinc finger and/or bromodomaincontaining proteins The (*) label designates disease-associated PHD zinc finger and/or bromodomain-containing proteins Conservation of the ... (2.4.6) The integrator model of TRIP-Br protein function in cell cycle regulation The summation of the above observations and findings has led to the synthesis of a hypothetical model to explain the...

Ngày tải lên: 16/09/2015, 17:12

... is the years of experience of the leader of firm i in the year t 3.4 Regression Analysis Taking into account that the firms’ profits are also influenced by the characteristics of the sector they ... according to the Zhejiang branch of CBRC (China Banking Regulatory Commission), the interest rate in Wenzhou informal financing market was much higher compared to that of formal financing This ... profit Moreover, we include the interaction of initial asset and risk-taking to test whether entrepreneurship reduces the importance of initial wealth of the entrepreneur Thus, we are estimating:...

Ngày tải lên: 02/10/2015, 17:14

... Finally, the kernel informs the hardware physical map module of the new virtual to physical mapping With the exception of the hardware validation, all of these steps are implemented in a machine-independent ... efficiently support the large body of UNIX software used within the academic community [16] In addition, from the point of view of a system designer, the Accent style of message/memory integration lacked ... once, possibly in different tasks The memory region specified by address in the vm_allocate_with_pager call will be mapped to the specified offset in the memory object The offset into the memory...

Ngày tải lên: 12/09/2012, 15:05

... used for information tasks (such as offering, finding or editing all kinds of information) Many things that are said about agents in this thesis do, however, also apply to the other kinds of agents ... on the Internet The functionality of agents can be maximally utilised when they are employed in the (future) three layer structure of the Internet." importance Thinking of the layers in terms of ... picture of the size of the Internet, let alone to make an estimation of the amount of information that is available on or through it; • The dynamic nature of the information on Internet: information...

Ngày tải lên: 08/10/2012, 15:22

... non-lexicalization of the concepts, the lack of super ordinates of hyponyms etc The main contribution of this paper is to draw out the main ways of dealing with the hurdles by investigating how an experienced ... some minor inappropriateness such as the inconsistency in translating the same words, the misuse of some lexical items and the translation of nominal group 2.2.2 Other types of equivalence In the ... words is that the translations of the same words are not consistent from the beginning The other inappropriateness, to the best of my understanding, is the translation of nominal group There are...

Ngày tải lên: 07/11/2012, 14:31

... rate involved three phases First, data collection phase involved gathering the data for use in training and testing the neural network A large training data reduces the risk of under-sampling the ... nonlinear function, but increases the training time To improve training, preprocessing of the data to values between and was carried out before presenting the patterns to the neural network The ... and the measured value The properties of the soil used for training of the MANN models are shown in Table Class Relative Importance (%) Table Properties of the soil used for learning of the MANN...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2013, 15:01

... to the prevailing weather at that time and the nature of the region Therefore, the values of the vertical velocity in summer is higher than winter And, the relationship between the signs of horizontal ... variables for the point located at (31 ̊5' N), (45 ̊E) which lies in the city of Samawah in the south of Iraq In January, the region was under the influence of high pressure (Figures 3A and 3B) The results ... shown in Figure And in the center there is point (E) which we intend to calculate the vertical velocity using the finite differences method Notice that this method assumes the wind field varies linearly...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 17:03

... difficulties in the classroom setting, the research was aimed at finding out: (1) the students’ assessment of the importance of oral presentation skills in their future work, (2) the problems they might ... of the Findings 23 2.3.1 Data Analysis 23 2.3.2 Discussion of the Findings 24 2.3.2.1 The students’ assessment of the importance of oral presentation skills in their ... giving presentations, and (3) factors causing their difficulties and their suggested solutions Specifically, the study has been conducted in the form of survey research, with the informants of the...

Ngày tải lên: 07/09/2013, 13:02

... used for information tasks (such as offering, finding or editing all kinds of information) Many things that are said about agents in this thesis do, however, also apply to the other kinds of agents ... on the Internet The functionality of agents can be maximally utilised when they are employed in the (future) three layer structure of the Internet." importance Thinking of the layers in terms of ... picture of the size of the Internet, let alone to make an estimation of the amount of information that is available on or through it; • The dynamic nature of the information on Internet: information...

Ngày tải lên: 26/10/2013, 17:15