vehícles in the electric utility systems

... electricity industry 13 Figure 3-1 Uncertainties and key decisions in competitive electricity markets The key uncertain factors will be scrutinized in the following section UNCERTAINTIES IN THE ELECTRICITY ... for the electricity customers A major step in Europe has been the directive of the European Commission in the end of 1996 (EU 1997), requiring the stepwise opening of electricity markets in the ... first summarizing which are the key decision problems in the electricity industry (section 1) Then, the major uncertainties are discussed in section and the formal framework used in the subsequent...

Ngày tải lên: 31/12/2013, 22:20

Ngày tải lên: 09/03/2014, 12:20

... 3GPP-LTE Therefore, we will focus on the maximizing energy efficiency problem in the downlink MIMO systems in this article Previous works mainly focused on maximizing energy efficiency in the single-input ... increase the interuser interference, in which the multiplexing gain makes transmit power saving, but inter-user interference induces transmit power wasting In order to maximize BPJ-EE, the trade-off ... single-input single-output (SISO) systems [3–7] and point to point single user (SU) MIMO systems [8–10] In the uplink TDMA SISO channels, the optimal transmission rate was derived for energy saving in the...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... 3GPP-LTE Therefore, we will focus on the maximizing energy efficiency problem in the downlink MIMO systems in this article Previous works mainly focused on maximizing energy efficiency in the single-input ... increase the interuser interference, in which the multiplexing gain makes transmit power saving, but inter-user interference induces transmit power wasting In order to maximize BPJ-EE, the trade-off ... single-input single-output (SISO) systems [3–7] and point to point single user (SU) MIMO systems [8–10] In the uplink TDMA SISO channels, the optimal transmission rate was derived for energy saving in the...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 04:20

... increase the inter-user interference, in which the multiplexing gain makes transmit power saving, but inter-user interference induces transmit power wasting In order to maximize BPJ-EE, the trade- ... (12) i=k is the inter-user interference plus noise part Problem definition The objective of this article is to maximize the BPJ-EE in the downlink MIMO systems The BPJ-EE is defined as the achievable ... ζk = d−λ is the large-scale fading including path k loss and shadowing fading, in which d k, l denote the distance from the BS to the user k and the path loss exponent, respectively The random...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 21:20

... (13) and then calculate the NEE based on (11) The same principle is applied in the other schemes in the rest of the article 3.2.2 Inter-cell interference cancellation ICIC is a scheme in which ... when the system becomes interference limited and then any transmit power increasing cannot further increase the capacity + After checking the feasibility and obtaining both Pt,i and ∗ Pt,i, the ... better in the low rate constraint case and performs the same as MC-JP when rate constraint increases In order to externalize the performance of the network, we plot the NEE in the multi-cell systems...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 22:20

... disturbances will combine in the worse possible way, the way that causes the most error Find the set of feedback gains that will minimize the maximum error These gains are the H-infinity gains Because ... derivative gain in linear systems and by S-curves in nonlinear positioning systems In any motor control application, it is important to choose the right jerk for the job 17 Chapter The State of the Motor ... as the bilinear transformation can change state equations from the continuous domain to the discrete domain The numerical values in the ! equations will change based on the sampling time and the...

Ngày tải lên: 05/11/2013, 21:15

... being I hope that Pat and his community will find in these pages something insightful and useful as they continue to pursue their lives in the singularity that is life in Interior Alaska To them ... committed to continuing this work, and to bringing the power of the researcher and the research institution into their hands for their direction, for only they know the meaningful and important ... 1952 Prior, the muskrat trapping, or “ratting” season, had kept people away from their village during the weeks they would otherwise need for preparing and planting their gardens The ratting season...

Ngày tải lên: 13/02/2014, 05:20

... Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine ... (resulting from changes in the surface temperature or in the intervening atmosphere), (2) differences in the viewing geometry of the two satellites, (3) differences in the spectral responses of the ... occurred in the IPO’s plans for NPOESS; in particular, the complement of sensor concepts for the satellite was fixed, thereby defining the limits of the planned observing system The scope of the committee’s...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 07:20

... MT systems since the meaning shift in derivation is relatively predictable and therefore the derivation process can be recreated in the target language in most cases It is therefore surprising ... on the contrary gives only the most likely readings Still, there remains the question of whether a system is able to pick the most appropriate reading in a given context, which brings us to the ... crossing the language barrier: Proceedings of the 1st Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, pages 65-71, Washington,DC Association for Machine Translation in the...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 03:20

... hired labor; other costs; and operating interest Capital ownership costs include the annualized cost of maintaining the capital investment (economic depreciation and interest) in the dairy operation, ... operating costs in 2005 were $4.31 per cwt in the Northeast, $4.98 in the Upper Midwest, and $6.49 in the West Milk price premiums received in 2005 were sufficient in all regions to cover the added ... about their future in the business as significantly fewer had plans to exit in the next 10 years, and significantly more planned to be in business 20 or more years The primary difference in the...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 05:20

... solutions which are included in the pathways analysed in the latter part of the thesis As stated in the introduction to this thesis, the PPI and especially the kraft pulp industry, due to its ... example, be increased by raising the steam quality (when investing in new boilers), increasing the dry solid content of the black liquor, decreasing any throttling and/or reducing the process ... emissions) Optimize the system based on the selected performance indicator for different settings in the surrounding system (defined by the aim of the study in question), to see how/whether the optimal...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 09:20

... During integrin outside in signaling, the binding of integrins to their extracellular ligands changes the integrin conformation and promotes integrin clustering The unidirectional signalings, in ... membranes Integrins signal in the directions with different consequences During integrin inside–out signaling, an intracellular activator, such as talin or kindlins, binds to integrin and causes a conformational ... often closely linked, as ligand binding associated with outside in signaling stimulates integrins and, conversely, integrin activation increases ligand binding for inside–out signaling 1.1.5.3 Modularity...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 22:21

... even in the absence of fibrin or cells PAN–K5 binding is mediated via the aminohexyl (AH) site in K5 [28,29] (Fig 3) Unlike lysine-binding sites in K1, K2 and K4 of plasminogen, the AH site can bind ... lysine-binding sites in K1 and K4 may be involved in this propagation process Thus, plasminogen binding is essential for the fibrinolytic process The kringle ligands, however, inhibit plasminogen ... bind an internal lysine residue in addition to the C-terminal lysine [30], which is a preferred ligand for the lysine-binding site in K1, K2 and K4 Thus, aminohexyl or lysine analogs can interfere...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 22:21

... derived for the inhibition of the protein expression by CSP using two models In the most simple model the inhibition is predominantly due to the binding of CSP to one component of the system (e.g ... initiation In agreement is the fact that silent mutations in the synthetic sequence result in a dramatic increase in expression rate compared with the wild-type sequence, as depicted in Fig The ... (c) the decreased translation; and (d) the increased activity of proteolytic enzymes cleaving the target protein Other effects which can occur in whole cells (e.g the induction of new proteins interfering...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 21:20

... require understanding the meaning of riding high in the polls Another example is “Bad Moon Rising”; here the verb rising suggests that something is increasing, but the Here we judge the caption to ... access to information graphics for individuals with sight impairments, by inferring the intended message underlying the graphic, providing an initial summary of the graphic that includes the intended ... focuses on the decades of increasing immigration and the caption strengthens increasing trend in immigration as the intended message of the graphic If we not include the caption, our system hypothesizes...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 04:22

... group supporting the recycling of another one) The more complicated the fee structure, the more demanding it is in collection and administration There is a challenge to balance administrative ... hence, was wavering on investing in the project Large enterprises and volunteer environmentalists are also involved in the recycling of electrical and electronic wastes Last year, the China Consumers’ ... deciding whether their products are covered by the regulations Producers indicate several areas of confusion in definitions used in the Directive Examples include unclear definitions of ‘put on the...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 13:20