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... 5-6 MDSYS.CS_SRS Table 6-9 MDSYS.SDO_ANGLE_UNITS Table 6-12 MDSYS.SDO_DATUMS Table 6-13 MDSYS.SDO_ELLIPSOIDS Table 6-15 MDSYS.SDO_PROJECTIONS Table ... (lines and points) Each layer s geometries and associated spatial index are stored in the database in standard tables 1.5.4 Coordinate System A coordinate system (also called a spatial reference system) ... redundancy, and other measures to ensure the safe use of such applications if the Programs are used for such purposes, and Oracle Corporation disclaims liability for any damages caused by such use of...

Ngày tải lên: 21/12/2013, 04:17

... Phương pháp nghiên cứu khoa học User s perceptions and uses of financial reports of small and medium companies (SMCs) in transitional economies” thật cần thiết Đọc nghiên cứu không dừng ... Câu hỏi 3: Tại SMCs cung cấp thông tin? Và họ cung cấp thông tin - nào? CƠ S LÝ THUYẾT Bài nghiên cứu dựa s s lý thuyết sau: - Lý thuyết “quyết định hữu ích” (decision usefulness theory): thuyết ... kinh tế), nhu cầu s dụng thông tin tài công ty nhỏ người s dụng (Stanga Tiller, 1983; 1984; Berry et al, 1987; Keasey Watson, 1988; Marriott Marriott, 2000; Collis Jarvis, 2002), s nghiên cứu...

Ngày tải lên: 25/12/2013, 15:10

... contrary and ask users to report any errors Users are also encouraged to make suggestions for upgrades, or send us their tools written in the COSY language If the user thinks the code has been useful, ... that COSY can also push rays through maps repetitively and display phase space plots This uses different methods and is discussed in section 4.4 beginning on page 50 The following command sets a ... contains elements for spherical lenses and mirrors, parabolic lenses and mirrors, and general surface lenses and mirrors, where the surface is described by a polynomial There is also a prism All...

Ngày tải lên: 12/01/2014, 22:17

... command errors: Missing usernames Missing FROM and TO clauses FROM and TO clauses that are too long Password input errors See Also: Appendix B, "SQL*Plus COPY Command" Chapter 14, "SQL*Plus Error ... sample user- supplied elements Such elements include computer and database names, net service names, and connect identifiers, as well as user- supplied database objects and structures, column names, ... SQL*Plus Commands" Provides information on obsolete SQL*Plus commands Appendix D, "Commands Not Supported in iSQL*Plus" Lists SQL*Plus commands that are not supported in iSQL*Plus Related Documents...

Ngày tải lên: 17/01/2014, 06:20

... process PL/SQL blocks and subprograms as well as single SQL statements The Oracle server passes the blocks and subprograms to its local PL/SQL engine Anonymous Blocks Anonymous PL/SQL blocks can ... PL/SQL programs Chapter 2, "Fundamentals" This chapter focuses on the small-scale aspects of PL/SQL It discusses lexical units, scalar datatypes, user- defined subtypes, data conversion, expressions, ... the discussion were left out lower case Lower case is used for names of constants, variables, cursors, exceptions, subprograms, and packages UPPER CASE Upper case is used for keywords, names of...

Ngày tải lên: 17/01/2014, 09:20

... and database names, net service names, and connect identifiers, as well as user- supplied database objects and structures, column names, packages and classes, usernames and roles, program units, ... parameters, privileges, datatypes, RMAN keywords, SQL keywords, SQL*Plus or utility commands, packages and methods, as well as system-supplied column names, database objects and structures, usernames, ... "Fundamentals of the PL/SQL Language" Focuses on the small-scale aspects of PL/SQL: lexical units, scalar datatypes, user- defined subtypes, data conversion, expressions, assignments, block structure,...

Ngày tải lên: 24/01/2014, 08:20

... Commands You can use SQL*Plus commands to manipulate SQL commands and PL/SQL blocks and to format and print query results SQL*Plus treats SQL*Plus commands differently than SQL commands or PL/SQL ... or slash (/) A semicolon (;) will not execute these SQL commands as it does other SQL commands SQL*Plus sends the complete PL/SQL subprogram to Oracle for processing (as it does SQL commands) See ... store, and print query results in the form of reports s list column definitions for any table s access and copy data between SQL databases s send messages to and accept responses from an end user s...

Ngày tải lên: 24/01/2014, 10:20

... identifiers, user- supplied database objects and structures, column names, packages and classes, usernames and roles, program units, and parameter values Enter sqlplus to start SQL*Plus UPPERCASE monospace ... SQL keywords, SQL*Plus or utility commands, packages and methods, as well as system-supplied column names, database objects and structures, usernames, and roles You can specify this clause only ... as lexical units, scalar datatypes, user- defined subtypes, data conversion, expressions, assignments, block structure, declarations, and scope Chapter 3, "PL/SQL Datatypes" Discusses PL/SQL's...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 22:20

... to , unless no such page exists, in which case it prints nothing appropriate sleep Pauses for seconds See also usleep sort Prints a file with lines sorted ... matches only one character For example, the command ls ?ar* would list the files Mary Jones.letter and Harlette 4.3 Wildcards, Names, Extensions, and glob Expressions Basic Commands csh csh shell script ... Its more explanatory version is ls format=long Similarly, the all option can be given as ls all, and means the same thing as ls -a Basic Commands 4.2 Error Messages All of U NIX is case sensitive...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 23:20

... operating systems in this use of Esc The Alt modifier is not case insensitive although some applications will make a special effort to respond insensitively The Alt key is also sometimes referred to as ... Type the command passwd You will be asked for a new password and then asked to confirm that password The password you choose should consist of letters, numbers, and punctuation—you will see later ... Computing Sub-basics Listing Files Type in the command ls ls is short for list, abbreviated to two letters like most other U NIX commands ls lists all your current files You may find that ls does nothing,...

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 11:20

... process PL/SQL blocks and subprograms as well as single SQL statements The Oracle server passes the blocks and subprograms to its local PL/SQL engine Anonymous Blocks Anonymous PL/SQL blocks can ... programs Chapter 2, "Fundamentals" This chapter focuses on the small-scale aspects of PL/SQL It discusses lexical units, scalar datatypes, user- defined subtypes, data conversion, expressions, assignments, ... exceptions, subprograms, and packages UPPER CASE Upper case is used for keywords, names of predefined exceptions, and names of supplied PL/SQL packages Mixed Case Mixed case is used for names of user- defined...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 11:22

... Get system time as seconds past midnight */ SELECT TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,’SSSSS’) INTO start_time FROM sys.dual; something /* Get system time again */ SELECT TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,’SSSSS’) INTO finish_time ... Expressions PL/SQL lets you compare variables and constants in both SQL and procedural statements These comparisons, called Boolean expressions, consist of simple or complex expressions separated ... NLS_CHARSET_ID NLS_CHARSET_NAME NVL SYS_CONTEXT SYS_GUID UID USER USERENV VSIZE Fundamentals 2-53 Built-In Functions 2-54 PL/SQL User s Guide and Reference Control Structures One ship drives east and another...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 11:22

... acid_test (figs FiguresRec) RETURN REAL IS BEGIN SELECT cash, notes, INTO sub1_figs FROM assets, liabilities WHERE assets.sub = AND liabilities.sub = 1; SELECT cash, notes, INTO sub2_figs FROM assets, ... also learn how to manage cursors, use cursor variables, and process transactions Major Topics SQL Support Managing Cursors Packaging Cursors Using Cursor FOR Loops Using Cursor Variables Using ... PL/SQL executes the assignment statement only if element i exists: IF courses.EXISTS(i) THEN courses(i) := new_course; END IF; When passed an out-of-range subscript, EXISTS returns FALSE instead...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 11:22

... called sessions A user session is started when you run an application program or an Oracle tool and connect to Oracle To allow user sessions to work "simultaneously" and share computer resources, ... and dynamic_string is a string expression that represents a multi-row query Note: This section discusses the static SQL case, in which select_statement is used For the dynamic SQL case, in which ... continues, Oracle takes snapshots of the table s data and records changes in a rollback segment Oracle uses rollback segments to build read-consistent query results and to undo changes if necessary...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 11:22

... never shared with slave sessions Each slave session has its own state, which is initialized when the session begins The function result should not depend on the state of session (static) variables ... transaction control statements (such as COMMIT), session control statements (such as SET ROLE), or system control statements (such as ALTER SYSTEM) Also, it cannot execute DDL statements (such as ... returns the message user- defined exception unless you pass +100, in which case SQLERRM returns the message no data found Passing a zero to SQLERRM always returns the message normal, successful...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 11:22

... 8-8 PL/SQL User s Guide and Reference Some Examples Some Examples Consider the package below named emp_actions The package spec declares the following types, items, and subprograms: s types EmpRecTyp ... is an area of memory used by one process to pass information to another.) You can use the procedures pack_message and send_message to pack a message into a pipe, then send it to another session ... RESTRICT_REFERENCES (DEFAULT, RNDS,WNDS,RNPS,WNPS) ); PL/SQL does not allow the overloading of operators So, you must define methods named plus(), less() (the word minus is reserved), times(), and...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 11:22

... consists of a single variable For the syntax of expression, see "Expressions" on page 11-67 When the assignment statement is executed, the expression is evaluated and the resulting value is stored ... ’BOSTON’; comm_tab(5) := sales * 0.15; Related Topics Constants and Variables, Expressions, SELECT INTO Statement 11-6 PL/SQL User s Guide and Reference AUTONOMOUS_TRANSACTION Pragma AUTONOMOUS_TRANSACTION ... include procedural statements such as RAISE, SQL statements such as UPDATE, and PL/SQL blocks (sometimes called "block statements") PL/SQL statements are free format That is, they can continue...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 11:22

... session has its own state, which is initialized when the session begins The function result should not depend on the state of session (static) variables Otherwise, results might vary across sessions ... PL/SQL evaluates the parenthesized expression first, then uses the result in the larger expression When parenthesized expressions are nested, PL/SQL evaluates the innermost expression first and ... expression Boolean expression character expression character expression date expression date expression numeric expression numeric expression Related Topics Assignment Statement, Constants and...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 11:22

... applications; it declares the types, variables, constants, exceptions, cursors, and subprograms available for use The body fully defines cursors and subprograms, and so implements the spec Only subprograms ... characters in the PL/SQL character set: letters, numerals, spaces, and special symbols PL/SQL is case sensitive within character literals So, for example, PL/SQL considers the literals ’Q’ and ’q’ ... of variables, constants, literals, operators, and function calls The simplest expression consists of a single variable When the declaration is elaborated, the value of expression is assigned to...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 11:22

... Resolution D-9 Calling Subprograms and Methods s Row expressions must resolve as references to table aliases You can pass row expressions to operators REF and VALUE, and you can use row expressions ... inv.item_name); sql_expression This is any valid SQL expression For more information, see Oracle8i SQL Reference subquery This is a SELECT statement that provides a set of rows for processing Its syntax is ... PL/SQL User s Guide and Reference E PL/SQL Program Limits PL/SQL is designed primarily for high-speed transaction processing That design imposes some program limits, which are discussed in this...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 11:22