transforming growth factorβ regulation of immune responses

... go to only one of the two daughter cells, leaving the other relatively clear of such signaling byproducts. A deeper understanding of the role of microtubules in the regulation of Smad trafficking ... dissection of the molecular mechanisms of TGFb family signaling and the functional conse- quences thereof on cell responses. As far as Smad trafficking is concerned, although the dynamic nature of such ... complexity and depth of understanding of TGFb signaling increase, a most critical aspect of the whole signaling pathway remains the sequence of specific steps and the establishment of the complete...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 01:20

... anti-inflammatory cytokine transforming growth factor-b1 (TGF-b1) of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-a via the induction of FXR1 is the focus of this article. TGF-b1, a member of the large transforming growth factor-b ... tube: 20 lL of Optimem, 5 lgof each plasmid, and 6 lL of Lipofectamine LTX (Invitrogen) and incubated at room temperature for 30 min. This mixture was then added slowly to cells in 1 mL of Optimem. ... Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, UK 2 Department of Clinical Sciences South Bristol, Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, University of Bristol, UK Introduction Tumour...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 21:21

... Cell-specific regulation of human arylhydrocarbon receptor expression by transforming growth factor-b 1 . Mol. Pharmacol. 59, 716 724. 22. Do ă hr, O. & Abel, J. (1997) Transforming growth factor-beta ... its down -regulation by TGF-b 1 . DISCUSSION The inhibition by TGF-b 1 of SeP expression is to date the only known regulation of this protein by a factor other than the availability of selenium. ... Overexpression of Smad 3 and 4, but not of Smad 2, resulted in a marked down -regulation of SeP mRNA expression. Similar effects were observed for luciferase expression under control of a human SeP- promoter...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 23:20

... biopsy-proven diagnosis. Measurements: Serum concentrations of transforming growth factor-beta1 and ferritin. Results: High concentrations of transforming growth factor-beta1 were noticed in patients suffering ... Medical School of Naples, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Biotechnology, Naples, Italy and 4 Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Department of Neurosciences, Section of Clinical ... whether both the forms of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease were really dissimilar, evaluating the serum profile of two key parameters, indexes of severity. Methods: A total of 123 patients (57...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 15:20

... degradation of Aβ42. Also ibuprofen has been shown to reduce plaque-associated and soluble Aβ42 in mice over-expressing the Swedish mutation of human APP [15,16]. The lack of effect of ibu- profen in ... Identification of the thioflavin-S-positive material will facilitate the full appraisal of the clinical implication of the effects of anti-inflammatory drugs, and provide a more thorough understanding of ... obstruction of CSF clearance by meningeal fibrosis [34,35]. Other examples exist of hydrocephalus caused by growth factor-induced fibrosis [36]. The site and mechanism of action of pioglitazone...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 22:20

... Robbins 1 1 Department of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA 2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, ... clinical applications of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). Growth Factors 1993, 8:1-9. 3. Assoian RK, Komoriya A, Meyers CA, Miller DM, Sporn MB: Transforming growth factor-beta in ... sequence analysis of simian transforming growth factor-beta cDNA. DNA 1987, 6:239-244. 5. Miller DA, Pelton RW, Derynck R, Moses HL: Transforming growth factor-beta. A family of growth regulatory peptides. Ann...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:21

... 1 Network-based analysis of downregulated genes in the functional category of immune responseNetwork-based analysis of downregulated genes in the functional category of immune response. (a) Network ... 2 Network-based analysis of upregulated genes in the functional category of immune responseNetwork-based analysis of upregulated genes in the functional category of immune response. (a) Network ... pathophysiol- ogy of SLE. Figure 4 Effect of cytokines or -estradiol on the expressions of interferon-inducible genesEffect of cytokines or -estradiol on the expressions of interferon-inducible...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:22

... tibia. Figure 3 Percentage of cells expressing transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta in medial and lateral tibial cartilagePercentage of cells expressing transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta in ... RT, Heydemann A, Izumi T, Reddi AH: Regulation of the expression of the type-II collagen gene in periosteum-derived cells by three members of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily. J ... measurements, analyzed Figure 8 Effect of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta deprivation on intrinsic cartilage repair capacityEffect of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta deprivation on...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 07:20

... an in vitro measure of the in vivo efficiency of TGF-β 1 activation To examine the ability of SLE patients and control individuals to activate TGF-β 1 , a ratio of levels of TGF-β 1 in freshly ... development of early atherosclerosis. Introduction Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β 1 is the most potent natu- rally occurring immunosuppressant [1]; it is produced by all cells of the immune system ... proliferation and the fate of cells through apoptosis. In TGF-β 1 knockout mice [2] lack of TGF-β 1 initiates indiscrim- inate loss of self-tolerant T cells. Consequential dysregulation of B cell activity...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 08:22

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Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 15:23

... suppression of malignant phenotypes, suggesting the role of miR-9 in the growth inhibition of malignant cells. The fundamental function of miRNA is to regulate their targets by direct cleavage of the ... results indicated that the expression level of miR-9 had an influence on cell growth. To fur- ther validate the antiproliferative effect of miR-9 on the growth of ES-2 cells, a colony formation assay ... by inhibition of protein synthesis, according to the degree of complementarity with their target 3Â-UTRs. Identi- cation of miRNA target genes has been a great Fig. 5. Dysregulation of NF-jB1 in...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 00:20

... model of ErbB-1, based on the structure of the type-1 insulin-like growth factor receptor [33], shows that the N-terminal part of domain II is involved in a lobe of domain I [34]. Domain II of ErbB-1 ... F. (1993) A 40-kDa epidermal growth factor /transforming growth factor a-binding domain produced by limited proteolysis of the extracellular domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor. J. Biol. ... receptor-binding specificities. The first group consists of EGF, transforming growth factor a, and amphiregulin, all of which bind directly to ErbB-1. The isoforms of neuregulin (NRG, also known as heregulin...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 03:21

... and properties of the cellular receptor for transforming growth factor type `. Biochemistry 25, 3083–3091. 3. Massagué, J. (1987) Identification of receptors for type-` transforming growth factor. ... Measurement of Active TGF- ` 27 39. Sato, Y. and Rifkin, D. B. (1989) Inhibition of endothelial cell movement by pericytes and smooth muscle cells: activation of a latent transforming growth fac- tor-`1-like ... (1997) Transforming growth factor-` signal- ing in epithelial cells. Pharmacol. Ther. 75, 21. 16. Jin, G. and Howe, P. H. (1997) Regulation of clusterin gene expression by trans- forming growth...

Ngày tải lên: 11/04/2014, 07:14

... limit anti-tumour or microbial immune responses. A strategic manipulation of T R cells might thus be used either to enhance or to dampen immune responses as required. The identification of molecular markers, ... Mason D: Regulatory T cells in the control of autoimmunity: the essential role of transforming growth factor beta and interleukin 4 in the prevention of autoimmune thyroiditis in rats by peripheral ... characterisation of such autoimmune preventa- tive cells now leaves no doubt of the existence of T R cells as crucial mediators of self-tolerance in both animal models and humans. Review A paragon of self-tolerance:...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:23