transcription and splicing e protein coding in dna and rna

... promoter, well characterized for their functions in vitro, were dispensable in vivo [33] We therefore complemented our in vitro data with the studies on protein protein and protein DNA interactions ... Taken together, these observations emphasize the differences in binding of STAT proteins to the same target sequence in response to stimulus The previous reports and our data suggest a role of ... 1, and h, and the DNA- binding activity of STAT5B and of AP-1 increased in a time-dependent manner The specificities of two DNA protein complexes were demonstrated by their disappearance upon the...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 02:20

... tested, 1.0 U per 25 µl reaction, increased the mean CT of RNA detection by 1.90 cycles Intermediate CT increases were observed with 0.25 and 0.5 U UNG per reaction The increases in CT values ... RT-PCR reaction in which dUTP was used in place of dTTP An enzyme concentration and temperaturedependent increase was observed for the CT of both DNA and RNA detection However, at the enzyme concentration ... positive reactions at the three lowest concentrations of DNA and increased the CT for the highest DNA concentration by 16.03 and 17.09 cycles, respectively A temperature dependent increase in CT...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 08:20

... tested, 1.0 U per 25 µl reaction, increased the mean CT of RNA detection by 1.90 cycles Intermediate CT increases were observed with 0.25 and 0.5 U UNG per reaction The increases in CT values ... RT-PCR reaction in which dUTP was used in place of dTTP An enzyme concentration and temperaturedependent increase was observed for the CT of both DNA and RNA detection However, at the enzyme concentration ... positive reactions at the three lowest concentrations of DNA and increased the CT for the highest DNA concentration by 16.03 and 17.09 cycles, respectively A temperature dependent increase in CT...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 04:20

... factor in the effectiveness of phylogenetic footprinting techniques For example, the divergence between chimpanzee and human is generally insufficient to reduce the sequence search space in any meaningful ... Under Factors with more than seven sites detectable between the two species are shown The p values given pertain to the observed percentage of conserved sites, and were determined using the Fisher's ... issue may be addressed In this report we present our findings regarding promoter conservation of all protein coding genes and upstream sequence conservation of intergenic miRNA genes in eight vertebrate...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 07:21

... some exons overlapped, they were merged in a single exon Next, exons were sorted by their genomic coordinates and were reassembled to form reconstructed full-length coding sequences The reconstructed ... sorted gene pairs in ascending order of KS and selected the pair with the lowest KS After excluding genes that had been picked, we chose the next gene pair with the lowest KS These steps were repeated ... after applying Bonferroni correction for multiple tests (Table 2) These predictors included: Tandem, TSS, and interaction terms between Structure and Tandem, between TSS and Tandem, and between...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 21:20

... biological molecules such as DNA and proteins, and DNA -protein interaction in nanometer scale In particular, the interaction between DNA and proteins has been receiving a lot of research efforts due to ... the DNA -protein interaction (Fig 1.9c) When the protein binds to DNA, the length deduction observed from the time course indicates folding or bending while the exceeding extension to the naked ... vivo In general, ATP-utilizing remodeling factors are to modulate the space between the adjacent nucleosomes by ATP-dependent mechanism 22 Histone chaperones mediate the histone proteins -DNA interactions...

Ngày tải lên: 12/10/2015, 17:34

... Htelo despite containing one TTAGGG sequence Furthermore, competitive experiments performed in the presence of cold competitor Htelo or dsHtelo showed that Htelo effectively competed for binding, ... different synthetic oligonucleotides and thus appears to recognize the G-quadruplex DNA structure independently of the sequence context We further investigated the region of EWS that contributes ... singlestranded RNA- binding motif in hnRNP U, is reported to be the G-quadruplex RNA- binding motif in the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) and the G-quadruplex DNA- binding motif in nucleolin...

Ngày tải lên: 15/02/2014, 01:20

... reducatases to reactivate hMS These studies have enabled us to refine the chaperone-like role of MSR We show that specific protein protein interactions between hMS and MSR (over and above the need ... protein scaffold, well removed from the corrin ring, suggesting that the lower-coordinated Co state preferentially binds to hMS [7] Herein, we report for the first time the development of an expression ... dithionite to the desired redox state, and then mixed prereduced enzyme with the remaining reaction components (see Experimental procedures) In an anaerobic reaction mixture, hMS was able to catalytically...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 08:20

... tandem mass spectrometry (MS ⁄ MS) analysis that revealed the presence of three peptide sequences derived from the PDIP46 ⁄ SKAR protein in the examined protein sample (Fig 3D) One of these peptides, ... was generated In subsequent experiments, each construct was transformed into the L40 yeast strain expressing the full-length human ER protein The interaction between the generated fragments of ... by indirect immunofluorescence in methanol-fixed cells [4], whereas in the present study the human ER was EGFP-tagged and direct fluorescence detection in living cells was performed The revised intracellular...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 05:20

... the DNA may reflect the different DNA binding modes of these proteins Interestingly, even the conservative replacement of Rad51-Tyr232 by tryptophan affects the dsDNA binding, indicating direct ... probes inserted in the L1 and L2 loop upon binding of nucleotides and DNA The fluorescence of modified Rad51 was measured after the addition of the indicated element The wavelength (kmax) and the intensity ... and fluorescent spectroscopic analyses indicated the involvement of the HsRad51 L1 and L2 loops in DNA binding, like the case of RecA However, there could be some mechanistic differences between...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 06:20

... 7A) Differences in the kinetic parameters of activation of these kinases in S1P-, anisomycin- and serum-treated cells were observed Because the protein levels of MAP kinases remain unchanged throughout ... the percentage of the relative increase in mRNA levels The values are the means ± SD (n ¼ 3) For each stimulus, the mRNA levels of CTGF/CCN2 were compared in the presence and in the absence of ... alone induced an increase in basal CTGF/CCN2 mRNA levels To further examine whether this effect was real or merely a nonspecific side effect of the drug, we determined the kinetic parameters of CTGF/CCN2...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 16:20

... 2,4-dinitrophenolhydrazine in M HCl, incubated at room temperature and neutralized The derivatized proteins were separated by SDS/PAGE, transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane and treated as previous Western blotting ... phenol (Laboratoire de Micro´ sequencage des Proteines, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France) ¸ There were 43.2 CML residues and 16.1 Lys residues in BSA-modified protein, while native BSA contained ... matrix defect could be the consequence of precocious impairment in the inner membrane The decrease in enzymatic Lon protease activity may be the result of either a loss of efficiency in relation...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 11:20

... shown here, but is blocked by protein phosphatase inhibitors We assume that the protein phosphatase involved is GAPP, the glutamate-dependent protein phosphatase type 2A, which is likely to be activated ... preparation and are representative of three different experiments The same extracts (200 lg of proteins) were also analysed by standard SDS/PAGE followed by immunodetection with anti-phosphopeptides [anti-pThr389 ... of the figure After an equilibrium period of 15 min, hepatocytes were incubated under control conditions or in the presence of 10 mM glutamine for 50 (open bars) The cells were then further incubated...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 07:20

... at either end] Presently, there is evidence that inclusion of many of these sequences is actively inhibited due to the presence of intrinsic defects [28], the presence of silencer elements [29–31] ... alternative splicing profiles [74] We decided to examine the role of pseudoexons in recent research, as no specialized reviews have appeared in the past dealing with this particular kind of event ... binding to these elements identified, in silico and experimental analyses have shown that several of the newly created enhancer sequences strongly correlate with potential binding to the SR protein...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 09:22

... RNase-A in the presence of alanine, serine, lysine, b-alanine, taurine and dimethylglycine have not been published elsewhere We have therefore measured the thermodynamic parameters of RNase-A in ... were determined and are presented in Table It should be noted that the value for each kinetic parameter represents the mean of three independent measurements together with the mean error These ... protein misfolding defects and remove protein aggregation have been widely investigated It has been demonstrated that the unfavourable interaction between the peptide backbone and the osmolytes...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 00:20

... Zheng et al Table Role of nuclear actin-binding proteins interacting with the androgen receptor AR, androgen receptor; LBD, ligand-binding domain Actin-binding protein Targeting sequence Gelsolin ... actin-related proteins have been found in association with chromatin-remodeling and histone acetyl transferase complexes, suggesting a role for actin in chromatin remodeling [15] Recent investigations ... highly expressed in skeletal muscle and at lower levels in brain, spleen and kidney No significant expression has been detected in the heart In contrast to ABLIM-2, ABLIM-3 is predominantly expressed...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 01:20

... components Transmembrane domains are depicted as columns Regions involved in membrane binding are coloured in red, motifs involved in protein protein interaction are blue and the dehydrogenase domains ... modules The N-terminus contains the dehydrogenase domain (green) and might mediate membrane binding via a hydrophobic patch on the surface of the protein, whereas the C-terminus features a series of ... to be reversible, and is assumed to be mediated by a hydrophobic patch on the protein surface, located in the N-terminal half of the protein, including the dehydrogenase domain Specific binding...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 03:20

... translocase into the lipid bilayer where the signal peptide is removed and the mature protein is released into the lumen After protein transport, Tha4 dissociates from the receptor complex and the system ... fused to the mature OE23 protein, presents an alternative model for the interaction of the preprotein with the receptor The 16 ⁄ 23 chimera is retarded during translocation; early in the process, ... protons in the thylakoid held out of equilibrium with those in the bulk aqueous phase Clearly, the differences in energetic requirements between in vitro and in vivo experiments require further study...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 03:20

... by-passed or go undetected Where else does the protein have to go? Dual targeting is most commonly detected using GFP tagged proteins Because the emphasis of many studies has been to determine that ... chloroplasts and mitochondria With the advent of complete genome sequence information and the combined information emerging from organelle proteome studies [11], green fluorescent protein (GFP) tagging ... A gene encoding a dual-targeted protein may: (1) produce two different mRNA molecules via alternative start site for transcription initiation or alternative splicing (blue arrows), where the two...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 03:20

... inter-probe distances, in free RepA and RepA bound to various cognate DNA sequences FRET efciency was determined using Eqn (1), and assuming   eW 94 eAEDANS = and eAEDANS eAEDANS = 0.17 (see Experimental ... observed changes in FRET in terms of relative movements between the two domains It emerges that the average estimated distance between the C160AEDANS and W94 is $ 22 A in the free RepA dimer, and this ... Fluorescence studies of RepA R E M Diederix et al Interestingly, in the latter case, the protein binds as a monomer [26] Free in solution, the protein is essentially dimeric, but it dissociates and...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 04:20