topology of the rna polymerase ii transcription initiatio

... Overall, the staining intensities of RNA pol II and Pol e not correlate, and there is only a very minor effect of local UV damage on the nuclear localization of RNA pol II and Pol e The RNA pol II Pol ... elongating RNA pol IIO The CTD of RNA pol II has a central role in the co-ordination of the transcription cycle because it is capable of recruiting several factors involved in transcription and mRNA ... using RNA pol II antibody N20, which recognizes both the IIA and the IIO form Although less RNA pol II appears to be recognized by the antibody in this application, the focal colocalization of RNA...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 11:20

... also need to mention the mobility of the IIo forms of the different substrates The IIo form of the N-terminal 1–15 repeats was only slightly retarded relative to the position of the unphosphorylated ... phosphorylation of the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II J Biol Chem 271, 19009– 19012 Dahmus, M.E (1994) The role of multisite phosphorylation in the regulation of RNA- polymerase- II activity ... only, but the hyperphosphorylated IIo form was not produced [28] The authors conclude that the hyperphosphorylation, and the production of the IIo form of pol II and the CTD, is a result of phosphorylation...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 12:20

... L Cox THE ROLE OF THE CTD PHOSPHATASE RTR1 AND POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS IN REGULATION OF RNA POLYMERASE II RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) is regulated by multiple modifications to the Cterminal ... Recruitment of this form of RNAPII is achieved through recognition of the pre-initiation complex (PIC) which includes general transcription factors (GTFs) such as TFIIA, TFIIB, TFIID, TFIIE, TFIIF, ... mRNA genes As with the 5’ end, termination of transcription is marked by dissociation of many of the elongation factors and RNAPII in a coordinated manner to facilitate the completion of the transcription...

Ngày tải lên: 24/08/2014, 09:44

... point RNAPII Yeast RNA polymerase II complex Rpb1-12 RNA polymerase II subunits 1-12 S2 Serine of yeast RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain ix     S2-P Phosphorylated serine of yeast RNA polymerase ... RNA polymerase I, II, and III; binds DNA YPR187W Rpb6 Subunit common to RNA polymerase I, II, and III (Rpo26) YDR404C Rpb7 See Rpb4 YOR224C Rpb8 Subunit common to RNA polymerase I, II, and III ... 2004) II Additional Proteins Involved in the Regulation of RNAPII Activity In addition to the subunits of RNAPII, numerous other proteins are involved in the regulation of transcription These...

Ngày tải lên: 24/08/2014, 10:55

... in RNA splicing RNA polymerase III is needed for the synthesis of transfer RNA (tRNA) and other small nuclear RNAs (including the small 5S rRNA) (Lewin, 2004) RNA polymerase II (also called RNA ... ribosomal RNA (rRNA), which is processed into 28S, 5.8S and 18S rRNA RNA polymerase II catalyzes the transcription of DNA to synthesize the precursors of mRNA and four of the five small nuclear RNAs ... consists of RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II) , the General Transcription Factors (GTFs) and the Mediator (Kornberg, 2005) The critical step in transcriptional activation by RNA polymerase II is the formation...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 16:08

... detected the largest subunit of pol II together with subunits of the general transcription factors TFIID (TBP), TFIIH(p62) and TFIIB Other components of pol II holoenzyme such as CycC(SRB10) and ... Identification of Rox3 as a component of mediator and RNA polymerase II holoenzyme J Biol Chem 272, 48–50 17 Hampsey, M (1998) Molecular genetics of the RNA polymerase II general transcriptional ... (1997) The C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II couples messenger -RNA processing to transcription Nature 385, 357– 361 22 Chang, M & J.J (1997) A multiplicity of mediators: alternative forms of transcription...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 10:20

... stages of the transcription process, for example (a) lipiarmycin inhibits the formation of the first dinucleotide of the nascent RNA chain [11], (b) rifampicin blocks the synthesis of RNA molecules ... RNAP, the possibility was investigated that the compound might inhibit RNA synthesis by preventing RNAP from binding to DNA Binding of RNAP to DNA is indeed one of the earliest steps of the transcription ... on in vitro RNA synthesis: comparison of the effects of compounds under conditions of r-dependent vs r-independent transcription initiation The inhibition of ÔholoÕ RNA polymerase (RNAP) with Escherichia...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 15:20

... Virology Journal 2007, 4:51 genomic RNA Therefore, these viruses are not adapted to the complex nuclear milieu of the eukaryotic host cell Inefficient expression of genes from RNA viruses by RNA polymerase ... for the nuclear instability of lentiviral structural mRNAs [5] Whether similar mechanisms govern the fate of recombinant Pol II mRNAs of viruses replicating in the cytoplasm is unclear Instead of ... at the level of nuclear export and these viruses have a regulatory protein (Rev) involved in shuttling the mRNA for the structural proteins from the nucleus to the cytoplasm [4] Retention of these...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 18:20

... Virology Journal 2007, 4:51 genomic RNA Therefore, these viruses are not adapted to the complex nuclear milieu of the eukaryotic host cell Inefficient expression of genes from RNA viruses by RNA polymerase ... for the nuclear instability of lentiviral structural mRNAs [5] Whether similar mechanisms govern the fate of recombinant Pol II mRNAs of viruses replicating in the cytoplasm is unclear Instead of ... at the level of nuclear export and these viruses have a regulatory protein (Rev) involved in shuttling the mRNA for the structural proteins from the nucleus to the cytoplasm [4] Retention of these...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 01:20

... regions upstream of the start of the ORF and downstream of the end of the ORF were taken as the promoter and terminator, respectively These 400-bp windows were divided into ten bins of 40 bp each, ... intron-containing genes Peaks of Pol II enrichment were evident in the promoter regions of genes, reflecting the accumulation of Pol II before transcription elongation [17,18] Moreover, these regions showed ... represents the average of all probes that fall into the respective location bin Color-coded scales for FAIRE (F) and Pol II (P) signals are shown on the left y-axis of the graph, while the scales...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 23:20

... DSIF Nascent RNA (< 50 nucleotides) 5’ CTD P Ser2 P Ser5 Elongin ELL NELF TFIIS Pol II TFIIS Pol II 5’ RNA Stalled Pol II P NELF TFIIF Transcription elongation Figure RNA polymerase II promoter-proximal ... transcription Stalled polymerases are prone to backtracking along the DNA template, such that the 3’-OH of the nascent RNA becomes misaligned with the Pol II active site By associating with the ... melting by monitoring the reactivity of thymine residues The hyperreactivity of single-stranded thymine residues confirmed the presence of the stalled polymerase in the transcription bubble [23]...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 08:21

... pieces of RNA are synthesized, such as small exons, may be missed as a result of the spacing of the oligonucleotide probes and the imperfect nature of the probes Third, many of the PolII and PolIIa ... locations on them PolII is enriched at 57% of the annotated alternatively spliced exons of the active interactions To determine the generality of these observations, all RNA polymerase II occupancy sites ... Elongation by RNA polymerase II: the short and long of it Genes Dev 2004, 18:2437-2468 Cheng C, Sharp PA: RNA polymerase II accumulation in the promoter-proximal region of the dihydrofolate reductase...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 14:21

... removal of the second half of the PolC N-terminus would help to improve the results further Therefore, we took only the fragment of the multiple sequence alignment covering the first half of the PolC ... Interestingly, the first half of the PolC N-terminal region ( 1–100) also detected the PolIIIs-V domain, albeit weakly (hhsearch probability of 16%) The structures of PolIIIs-V and DnaA-I adopt a variant of ... Localization of the exonuclease and polymerase domains of Bacillus subtilis DNA polymerase III Gene 111, 43–49 15 Wieczorek A & McHenry CS (2006) The NH2-terminal php domain of the alpha subunit of the...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 23:20

... The first 17 residues of 4E-BP1 contain the RAIP motif To assess whether removal of the RAIP motif accounts for the reduced binding of raptor to the 18– 117 fragment, we compared the binding of ... define the RAIP motif [25] The use of the rat protein also has the advantage that there is no cross-reactivity of the (P)Ser64 antibody with other sites, which is a complicating feature of the human ... 1D), implying that the loss of raptor binding on removal of the first 17 residues may be accounted for simply by the loss of the RAIP motif We therefore also tested the binding of raptor to full-length...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 06:20

... [18–20] Other studies have suggested that the binding of p65 to the cofactors renders them unavailable for gene activation [20–22] In the context of the GnRH II promoter, there is a cluster of enhancing ... for the repression of GnRH II gene in TE671 cells On the other hand, over-expression of RARs together with the application of RAs in JEG-3 cells led to significant (P < 0.001) alleviation of the ... repression [35,41] The present study discusses the transcriptional regulation of the hGnRH II It is also the first report of differential regulation of the gene in two GnRH IIexpressing cell types...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 10:20

... near the center of the micelles [47,48] Therefore, peptide protons located in the center of the micelles would be the most affected, whereas those located at the micelle surface or outside of micelles ... presence and absence of the paramagnetic metal ions The amplitudes of the spectra in the presence of the paramagnetic metal ions were normalized to the least affected cross-peaks The paramagnetic ... presence of Gd3+ at pH 4.0, but the degree to which the intensities recovered was lower in the presence of Gd3+, particularly for the C-terminal residues, than in the presence of the same amounts of...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 16:20

... (B) Preinitiation The unphosphorylated RNAP II core or holoenzyme assemble onto the promoter sequences with general transcription factors such as TFIID, TFIIA, TFIIB, TFIIE, TFIIF and TFIIH thus ... phosphorylation of RNAP II mediates the recruitment of histone H3 methyltransferases from the SET family [79,91] Serine 5-phosphorylated RNAP II contributes to the association of the Set1/COMPASS ... template The resulting mRNA is then exported to the cytoplasm (F) To be recycled for another transcription round, RNAP II is dephosphorylated by the FCP1 CTD phosphatase Global changes in RNAP II phosphorylation...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 10:20

... degradation, the degradosome is also responsible for the processing of 5S ribosomal RNA and tRNAs, as well as the degradation of tmRNAs [4–8] The principal proteins comprising the degradosome include the ... Furthermore, as they often require the overexpression and ⁄ or tagging of the RNA degradosome components, the complexes formed may not truly represent what is occurring in the cell In view of these ... This verified the presence of enolase and PNPase, but not RNase E (Table 2) This was not unexpected because of the low abundance of RNase E in the cell The amino acid sequence of RNase E is arginine-rich,...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 21:20

... elements, most often AU-rich elements (AREs), in the untranslated regions (UTRs) of the mRNA resulting in either stabilization or destabilization of the mRNA [9] The RBM proteins, 10 of which have ... determine the percentage of AnnexinV and 7AAD positive cells The results are given as the mean of three independent experiments, bars indicate standard error of mean Statistics siRNA knockdown of RBM3 ... Cohort I comprised of 285 cases of serous and endometroid carcinoma of the ovary, fallopian tube and peritoneum The cohort has been described previously [17] The majority of patients underwent...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... soft of the right foot – oedema of the metatarsal head MRI scan of the right foot – oedema of the metatarsal head and soft tissue swelling Page of (page number not for citation purposes) Journal ... to the diagnosis of a Morton neurinoma Lack of neurological signs and absence of the symptoms of arthritis are mostly associated with instabilities of the metatarsphalangeal joints Signs of arthritis ... publication of the manuscript and that there are no competing interests Authors' contributions SE performed the clinical and radiologic evaluation of the patient MQ participated in the preparation of the...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 10:23