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Ngày tải lên: 11/07/2014, 03:21

Ngày tải lên: 11/07/2014, 03:21

... khiến anh tin như vậy” Cho và nhận thông tin phản hồi Cho và nhận thông tin phản hồi là một phần quan trọng trong công tác huấn luyện và giám sát nói chung. Việc cho và nhận phản hồi nên diễn ... chiều, nên bạn phải cởi mở đón nhận ý kiến phản hồi cũng như sẵn sàng đưa ra phản hồi. Không có phản hồi từ người khác sẽ không thể có giao tiếp. Và không có giao tiếp thì bạn không thể biết được ... không nên đặt chúng ngang hàng với thực tế đã được chứng minh. Vì thế hãy kiểm chứng lại nếu ý kiến phản hồi xuất phát từ quan điểm. Hãy cố chuyển quan điểm thành thông tin cụ thể. Ví dụ, nếu...

Ngày tải lên: 25/08/2012, 21:14

Ngày tải lên: 11/07/2014, 03:21

Ngày tải lên: 11/07/2014, 03:21

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 08:20

... đánh giá tuỳ thuộc vào bản chất của từng công việc. phòng sản xuất đà không làm công việc này vì vậy phòng đà không đạt đợc hiệu quả ĐGTHCV. 3. Thông tin phản hồi đối với ngời lao động và bộ phận ... chuẩn cần đ chuẩn cần đ ợc xây dựng một cách hợp lý và khách quan, tức là phải phản ánh đ ợc xây dựng một cách hợp lý và khách quan, tức là phải phản ánh đ ợc ợc kết quả và hành vi cần có để thực ... ng toàn bộ tình hình THCV của ng ời lao động, qua đó cung cấp cho họ các thông tin ời lao động, qua đó cung cấp cho họ các thông tin về tình hình THCV đà qua và các tiềm năng trong t về tình hình...

Ngày tải lên: 02/09/2012, 12:18

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 05:09

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 08:39

... alleviated by adopting dispersion-shifted or dispersion-flattened fibre [15,16]. Alternatively, semiconductor lasers oscillating in single longitudinal modes were developed [17,18]. By limiting the spread ... possible FP mode in these grating structures, it is quite usual to have anti-reflective coatings on the laser facets of DFB and DBR lasers. The working principle of a uniform-grating DFB laser with perfectly ... issue confronting users of semiconductor lasers in coherent optical communication. Due to the dispersive nature of the optical fibres used, digital pulses are broadened whilst propagating along...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 04:15

... second-order corrugation is used. However, the design of the second-order grating requires a precise control of the grating parameters. It is shown in the contour map that certain corrugation shapes ... The range of accuracy is extended by adopting a parabolic model [9] such that g peak ¼ aN 2 þ bN þ c ð2:52Þ where a, b and c are constants determined by fitting the available exact solutions using ... DIODES where uðÞ¼ 1;>0 0;<0 & ð2:131Þ is the unit step function in . By equating eqn (2.120) with (2.130) and setting p ¼ 0, one can express the harmonic Fourier coefficient as A q¼0 ¼ A 0 ¼...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 04:15

... equation within a reasonable range of error. Starting with different initial guesses of ð; Þ ini , other oscillating modes can be determined in a similar way. By collecting all ð 0 ; 0 Þ pairs that satisfy ... particular section. Since the discontinuity caused by the phase slip is assumed to be very small, the waves in the two sections can be considered to be continuous at z ¼ 0. In other words, R ð1Þ ðz ... iteration continues. At the end of the first iteration, a new pair of ð 0 ; 0 Þ will be generated and checked to see if it satisfies the threshold equation. The iteration will continue until the...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 04:15

... the –continuous change in laser cavity corrugation period Tapered corrugation large number –  varies along the –continuous change in laser cavity corrugation depth g N-layer surface emitting N ... matching approach, the TMM is more robust and flexible. By converting the coupled wave equations into a matrix equation, the wave propagating characteristics of the corrugated DFB section can be represented ... transfer matrices. The differences between them are also listed. When the grating height g reduces to zero and the grating period  approaches infinity, the feedback caused by the presence of corrugations...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 04:15

... the PSP shifts, there is a continuous change in the resonant cavity formed by the DFB laser such that the actual lasing mode may alter. At ¼ 0:77, it is interesting to see how all L values converge ... where the place of corrugation change coincides with the position of phase shift, it is interesting to show how ÁL drops to a local minimum. Figure 5.25 shows the dependence of the flatness upon ... DCC becomes less efficient. As far as single-mode stability is concerned, trade-offs exist in selecting the optimum position of corrugation change and the coupling ratio. 5.4.3 Optimisation of the...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 04:15

... coefficient ¼ 4  10 3 m À1 Cavity length L ¼ 500 mm Optical confinement factor À ¼ 0:35 Grating period à ¼ 227:039 nm Grating phase at the left facet  in rad Bragg wavelength ! B ¼ 2Ã=n 0 ¼ 1:55 mm Threshold ... refractive index at threshold can be found to be n th ¼ n ini þ À @n @N N th ð6:18Þ By substituting  ¼  th in eqn (6.5) at the threshold condition, the threshold wavelength ! th can be obtained ! th ¼ 2p! B n th þ ... the 3PS laser structure, a longitudinal variation of the coupling coefficient is introduced. Discontinuities associated with both the phase shift and the corrugation change enhance the spontaneous...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 04:15

... parameters used are listed in the inset. As with the QWS laser structure, distinct peaks which correspond to different oscillating modes are observed along the spectrum. When the biasing current increases, ... Á NN becomes influential. By adopting a longitudinally dependent coupling coefficient , the gain margin and the field uniformity of the DCC þ QWS DFB LD are improved. Continuous tuning as far as 0.16 ... is assumed for a 500 mm length cavity. For each oscillating mode shown in Fig. 7.2, the cross and the black circle correspond to the oscillating mode at threshold and at 5I th , respectively. When...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 04:15

... element in the connecting matrix is unity only if a connection allows a pulse to travel from port i of node m to port j of node n. In the example given in Fig. 8.3, the connecting matrix C may be ... and terminal loads. The voltage pulses then enter the phase stubs to be delayed before they continue propagating along the main transmission line. The three-port circulator at the left facet (section ... pulses are synchronised. 8.3 SCATTERING AND CONNECTING MATRICES The most basic algorithm of TLM involves two main processes: scattering and connecting. When the incident voltage pulses, V i , arrive...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 04:15

... grating modulation. This can be decomposed into a number of sinusoidal gratings at harmonics of the grating period by Fourier techniques. One of these harmonics models the real device’s grating ... period of the DFB grating on the real device, the number of sections and hence the computational task would be excessive. However, it is possible to represent an odd number of grating periods with ... example, the coupling of each period of the square grating has to be increased by a factor of five over the coupling of the real laser’s grating to compensate. A simpler and much neater rule is...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 04:15

... P  Á E R z À  ÀÁ E S z À  ÀÁ "# ð10:42Þ where P  is the phase discontinuity matrix, which causes the complex electric field delay of  at z ¼ z  . By applying the phase discontinuity to eqn (10.26) and following the steps below ... equations are also discussed in detail. By converting the coupled wave equations into a matrix equation, these transfer matrices can represent the wave propagating characteristics of DFB structures. Therefore, ... replacing one or both of the discrete laser mirrors with a passive grating reflector as shown in Fig. 10.21. By definition, the grating reflectors are formed along a passive waveguide section, so one...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 04:15

... respectively, b o ¼ p=L is the Bragg frequency of the grating and L is the grating period. Substituting eqn (11.1) into Maxwell’s equations and neglecting the second derivatives of both RðzÞ and SðzÞ ... of the two frequencies. Furthermore, the grating is less effective outside its stop band. This drawback of index gratings has been overcome by inserting a =4 phase shift at the centre of the ... as  À  B where  is the operating wavelength of the filter,  B ¼ 2 n eff Lð¼ 1:55 mm) is the Bragg wavelength and n eff is the effective refractive index. The grating period and coupling coefficient...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 12:17