thermodynamics of solid phase transformation

Ngày tải lên: 02/04/2014, 16:19

... 23 iv TABLE OF CONTENTS 2.2.3 Solid phase crystallization (SPC) of a-Si:H films 30 2.2.4 Rapid thermal annealing of poly-Si thin films 31 2.2.5 Hydrogenation of the poly-Si thin ... 131 6.3.1 Effect of SiH4 gas flow rate on the deposition rate of a-Si:H films 131 6.3.2 Effect of RF power density on the deposition rate of a-Si:H films 134 6.3.3 Effect of SiH4 gas flow rate ... representation of the interdigitated metallisation scheme of poly-Si thin-film solar cells on glass (b) Schematic xii LIST OF FIGURES cross-section of an emitter finger, the sloped sidewalls, and parts of...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 11:21

... formation of a titanium oxide (TiOx ) phase by removal of oxygen from the silica layer [9] The reduction of TiN seems to be a critical factor in the growth kinetics of a-SiONWs The growth of silica ... decomposition of TiN, as a result, it limits the growth of a-SiONWs nanowires by the mechanism Oxygen seems Fig A schematic diagram showing a growth mechanism of silica nanowires by the solid solid transformation ... nanowires were synthesized by solid state diffusion of silicon from the silica films The growth mechanism could be explained by direct solid to solid phase transformation, so called, the SS mechanism...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 15:04

... indicator of the occurrence of plastic deformation that leads to phase transformation from Si-I to Si-II in the severely compressed region [19] Most of the previous studies that explored phase transformations ... distance of 2.39 A and also a unique ˚ one at a distance of 3.23 or 3.36 A at GPa [22, 23] Upon pressure release, part of the highly pressured Si-II phase would transform to a mixed -phase of metastable ... transformations of Si applied a spherical indenter capable of triggering large-scale phase transformations In the present MD simulations, a spherical indenter was first adopted to interpret phase transformation...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 22:20

... Phase Transformation of Rust 32 INTRODUCTION The atmospheric corrosion of steel structures often results in the formation of iron oxyhydroxides such as geothites ... that partial transformation of rust into ferric-tannates had occurred However the degree of transformation of mangrove and quebracho tannins could not be distinguished Journal of Physical Science, ... complexation of surface iron Phase Transformation of Rust 34 (a) (b) (c) %T (d) (e) 400 3600 3200 2800 2400 2000 1800 1600 1400 cm–1 1200 1000 800 600 400 Figure 1: FTIR spectra of (a) untreated...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 14:20

... Title of Thesis/Dissertation: Solid- Phase Synthesis of N-Carboxyalkyl Unnatural Amino Acids Master of Science For the degree of I certify that in the preparation of ... Solution -Phase Synthesis of Substituted Amines by N-Alkylation with %-Halocarbonyl CNLONSMDQZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ'''13 1.3 Examples of Solid- Phase Synthesis of Substituted AminesZZZZZZ'ZZZ.18 1.3.1 Solid- Phase ... August 2010, Solid- Phase Synthesis of N-Carboxyalkyl Unnatural Amino Acids Major Professor: Martin J 9^/NMMEKl, Ph.D A novel route has been developed for the solid- phase synthesis of Ncarboxyalkyl...

Ngày tải lên: 24/08/2014, 13:46

... few Transformations between solid phases in contact with a solvent are governed by the nucleation of the new phase, subsequent growth of the stable phase and dissolution of the metastable phase ... In-situ measurement in the phase transformation 82 3.3 Kinetic of phase transformation 87 3.4 The effect of water content 90 3.5 The effect of temperature 92 3.6 The effect of agitation rate 93 Conclusions ... monitoring the phase transformation 65 3.3 Phase transformation kinetic 68 3.4 Concentration of solution 70 3.5 Effect of mono hydrate seeding 72 3.6 Effect of temperature 73 3.7 Effect of agitation...

Ngày tải lên: 13/11/2014, 08:42

Ngày tải lên: 14/11/2014, 06:36

... effects of pH of the aqueous Table Because the flow rates of sample solution and eluent solutions are two important parameters for the quantitative retention of analytes on the solid phase extraction ... is not used for the solid phase extraction studies In this work, a simple and accurate procedure for cadmium(II) and lead(II) ions that is based on solid phase extraction of cadmium(II) and lead(II) ... Natural and synthetic solid phase extractors that have high surface area and adsorption capacity, stable for acidic and basic media are preferred for solid phase extraction of metal ions Zeolites,...

Ngày tải lên: 02/09/2015, 13:45

... described here: solid phase crystallization (Section 1.3.1), seed layer approach (Section 1.3.2), and liquid phase crystallization (Section 1.3.3) 1.3.1 Solid phase crystallization The solid phase crystallization ... Investigation of impact of HF:HNO3 acid ratio on scattering efficiencies of AIT glass 47 3.2.4 Up-scaling of the AIT process to pilot line-scale borosilicate glass sheets 50 3.3 Fabrication of ... Figure 6-3: (a) SEM tilt view of sample RST4, (b) SEM cross-sectional view of RST4 111 Figure 6-4: The AFM measured height profiles of the rear Si surface of (a): sample RST4 after...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 11:16

... Liquid-liquid extraction LOD Limit of detection LOQ Limit of quantification muSPE Micro solid phase extraction using mixed matrix membrane μ-SPE Membrane bag micro solid phase extraction MPME Membrane ... 46 3.3.2 Preparation of surface modified sorbents 3.3 44 47 3.3.2.1 Preparation of APS 47 3.3.2.2 Preparation of UPS 47 3.3.2.3 Preparation of ZIPS 47 3.3.3 Characterization of sorbents and sorbent-containing ... Determination of EWC 48 References 49 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 50 Preparation of sorbents 51 4.1.1 Preparation of APS and UPS 51 4.1.2 Preparation of ZIPS 53 4.2 EWC 54 4.3 Comparison of sorbents...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 09:12

... successful realization of this thesis iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT i TABLE OF CONTENTS iii SUMMARY vii LIST OF PUBLICATIONS x LIST OF TABLES xi LIST OF FIGURES xiii LIST OF SYMBOLS xv CHAPTER ... Application of the silica monolith as solid phase extraction cartridge for the extraction of epinephrine, metanephrine and normetanephrine from urine  Application of the silica monolith as solid phase ... dealt with the solid phase extraction and this thesis is dedicated to explore the potential of monolith as a solid phase extraction cartridge Chapter 24 1.6 MONOLITH: AS A SOLID PHASE EXTRACTOR Sample...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 15:50

... Figure 1.2 Evolution of number of transistors packed into each of Intel’s new generation of microprocessors, describing Moore’s law [2] .3 Figure 1.3 Cost of fabrication of transistors, DRAM ... leakage profile of the various diodes fabricated The change in the slope of the leakage profile at a bias larger than 2V is due to the onset of GIDL current 83 Figure 5.8 XTEM images of the ... half that of the influenza virus or about 2000 times smaller than a strain of human hair For a sense of the physical size of the transistor, Fig 1.7 shows a micrograph image of a strand of hair...

Ngày tải lên: 12/09/2015, 09:28

... Solution phase synthesis of 3-36 124 3.7.2 Solid- Phase library synthesis of 3-38, 3-39, 3-44, 4-45 and 3-47 126 3.7.3 Experimental Section 132 3.7.3.1 Solution Phase Synthesis 132 3.7.3.2 Solid- Phase ... values of 3-28 and 3-29 167 vii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1 Three key elements of solid- phase synthesis Figure 1.2 Structure of various solid supports Figure 1.3 General representation of nucleophile-labile ... typical solid- phase synthesis reaction generally consists of a solid support, linker and substrate (Figure 1.1) Linker Substrate Solid Support Figure 1.1 Three key elements of solid- phase synthesis...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 08:25

... Summary of Main Observations Chapter Revised Phase Diagram for PZN-PT and Other Observations 9.1 Revised Phase Diagram of PZN-PT System 9.2 Room Temperature Phase of PZN-PT Single Crystals of Different ... Rietveld analysis at RT -O phase exists near the morphotropic phase boundary for - and -poled - 8

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 08:40

... distorted R phase owing to the soft elastic constants of R The mechanical softness of R and hence large piezoelectric 60 coefficients is believed to be the underlying cause of the distorted R phase ... range of 2θ ≈ 43.0-44.0º The major peak relates to the (002) R phase, and will be represented by (002)R in our further discussion The origin of the minor broad peak lying at the lower side of the ... surface layer (of

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 08:40

... R phase owing to the soft elastic constants of R The distorted R phases are microscopic in size, of a wide range of lattice parameters and are stressed in intense compression in the plane of ... most of the deformed surface layer However, such a poling treatment should be carried out with care to avoid a non-R phase or overpoling phenomenon as a result of E-field induced phase transformation ... treatment 5.4 (a) Summary of main observations The cause for the occurrence of the extremely broad lower 2θ peak adjacent to the main (002)R peak in standard XRD profiles of (001)-orientated PZN-PT...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 08:40

... always present in the x-ray profile following any direction of polishing, suggesting that the surface phase is always present regardless of the direction and/or mode of polishing This behavior can ... shows the (002) XRD profiles of the differently annealed PZN-4.5%PT samples and the (002) XRD profile of the as-polished sample After annealing for h at 300 °C, the position of the lower 2θ peak ... o o 44 45 46 47 2θ Figure 5.9 (002) XRD profiles of as-polished (solid curve) and differently annealed (dashed curves) PZN-4.5%PT showing the effects of the different annealing treatments on the...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 08:40

... theory of phase transformation Landau theory of phase transformation has been the most widely used method in analyzing structural relations in crystals Figure 6.3 shows the diagram of transformations ... phase transformations The first criterion is that crystal symmetry involved in a phase transformation must obey group-subgroup relation, i.e., a phase of lower symmetry is the subgroup of a phase ... the MA phase but cm < am and bm for the MB phase [3] The O phase may be treated as a special case of the MC, of which cm = am and the volume of an O cell is approximately double that of corresponding...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 08:40

... signals should MA and MB phases act as the intermediate phase between R-T transformation Note also that when the diffractions are those of the M phases, the deduced transformation path should ... undergoes a phase transformation sequence of R*-(R*+T+T*)-T-(T+T*+C)-C, or R-T-C for short upon heating (d) Both the R-T and T-C transformations occur over a range of temperature bounded by a two -phase ... either of the two following causes Firstly, the diffraction may indicate the occurrence of a new M phase Table 6.1 gives the relationships between the m axes and the pc axes of the various M phases...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 08:40