theory why bother learning it

... the development opportunities of any region are constrained, not just by its economic situation, but by the its institutions, its political system, its belief systems and its past history (North ... way it plays out in driving economic growth, its mechanics, its geography, and the critical roles of culture and institutions We start with a close look at the New Growth Theory and the writings ... particular the scale of cities and their diversity of inhabitants creates the interactions that generate new ideas In Jacob’s view, the diversity of economic actors within cities, and their high...

Ngày tải lên: 24/01/2014, 00:20

... Attachment Ambiguity Definition Applying a monotone (or inverted) concatenation transition rule forms a monotone tsplit (or inverted t-split) of the original alignment (Figure 2) Definition For any ... any A with length less than n For A of length n, let s be the right most t-split which splits A into S1 and S2 s exists because A is an ITG alignment Assume that there exists another t-split s ... training using LGFN with 1-best, 20-best and HaG with 20-best (Figure 7) Training with HaG only obtained similar results with 1best trained LGFN, which demonstrated that spurious ambiguity highly affected...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 22:20

... paper) Civil-military relations—United States United States—Armed Forces— Public opinion United States—Military policy Sociology, Military—United States I Szayna, Thomas S., date II Title UA23.C555 ... review to ensure high standards for research quality and objectivity The Civil-Military Gap in the United States Does It Exist, Why, and Does It Matter? Thomas S Szayna, Kevin F McCarthy, Jerry ... working with the military to ensure a smooth transition to a post–Cold War military establishment.4 The Clinton administration’s relations with the military, however, were complicated by such additional...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 19:20

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 06:20

... scored his last big hit for many years with 1962’s ‘Dance With The Guitar Man’, but, with or without record success, he was still guaranteed plenty of work - particularly in Britain where he’d been ... a guitar-bass-drums outfit - in which, with unusual flair, he chose not to duplicate recorded arrangements of classic rock, preferring, as he put it, ‘to take a song and ravish it so that it came ... exponent ‘That’s why I quit recording,’ he groaned, ‘Dick Dale was sick of engineers telling him they’ve been doing it for twenty years, and putting limiters on the guitar so that it sounded tinny.’...

Ngày tải lên: 04/06/2014, 15:26

... Desires/Opportunities and the Capabilities of the IT organization It enables the business to be more IT conscious and IT to become more business aligned Financial management provides the business and IT with ... you – submit a review of this title and you’ll receive an additional free ebook of your choice from our catalog at http://www.emereo.org How Does it Work? Submit your review of this title via ... Is” basis without warranty While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of the book, neither the author nor the publisher shall have any liability to any person or entity with respect...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 12:20

... 19 Financial Management Workbook Operating and Capital processes are common and fairly standardized, and involve the translation of IT expenditures into corporate financial systems as part of ... in communicating expected changes in the funding of IT services for consideration by other business domains The impact of IT services on capital planning is largely underestimated, but is of interest ... asset departments if the status of an IT asset changes Regulatory and Environmental – related planning should get triggers from within the business However FMIT should apply the proper financial...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 12:20

... assumption for environments with minimal service management program experience • When NPV and IRR disagree on the attractiveness of the project, it is best to go with NPV It makes the more realistic ... impact, e.g • Lost sales revenue • Fines • Failure risk • Lost Productivity • Lost opportunity • Number of users impacted • Visibility to shareholders, management etc • Risk of service obsolescence ... Management Workbook It is not unexpected that companies seek to apply the ROI in deciding to adopt service management ROI is appealing because it is self-evident The measure either meets or does...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 12:20

... techniques mentioned in the earlier slides The final stage is identifying qualitative benefits Qualitative benefits begin with these detailed in the business case Page 46 Financial Management Workbook ... the tangible costs and benefits shows an NPV of -$139,755 If the intangible benefits are large enough, the NPV could go from negative to positive To compute the benefit required (inflow), first ... individual longevity; this shift in Page 50 Financial Management Workbook thinking makes the IT department fully responsible for its own future To recover all costs including capital costs from...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 12:20

... Management Activities Intrusive & Hidden Activities The list of actions in this module will have a direct impact on end users and IT Staff They will be curious as to why working with them in this ... suitable IT Accounting policies, e.g Depreciation 10 Will assist in developing cost-benefit cases for IT investments 11 Will provide advice to senior management on the costeffectiveness of IT ... of Incidents This is important because… In recent times our incidents within IT have… Apart from the obvious benefits, the IT department in recent times has… A recent example of … saw the individual...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 12:20

... are made available for any IT initiative This may sound like a bold statement but it is true As IT professionals we have (for too long) assumed that we miss out on funds why other functional areas ... they want However, the problem is not with them, it s with US We are typically poor salespeople when it comes to putting our case forward We try to impress with technical descriptions, rather than ... ability to meet these challenges is dependent on the speed and flexibility of the organization The ability to cope with more changes at the business level will be directly impacted by how well IT...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 12:20

... recovery profiles and expenditure • The IT organization is operated within the expected income/level of profits • The IT financial objective of either break-even or profit (whichever is the objective ... Establish or enhance strategic positioning Increase market share Increase productivity Avoid costs Introduce competitive results Improve market position Increase capacity Increase discretionary spending ... spent on IT during the financial year Whether the charges made match the predicted profile The current Charging policies and IT Accounting methods How the IT organization is investing any profits...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 12:20

... position Conduct a review of activities that would currently be considered as an activity associated with this process Make notes and discuss the “reusability” of that activity Three key activities ... OBJECTIVE for that unit of activity Of course the activity may be some actions for just yourself or a team of people In either case, writing down the answer to WHERE will this activity to me/us/the ... reasons regarding IT are given as the WHY we should this Reasons like to make our IT department more efficient are far too generic and don’t focus on the real issue behind why this process is...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 12:20

... not easy to answer Most process activity evolves without rigid starting dates and this is what we mean when we answer a question with “that’s just the way it s done around here” Ultimately we ... address the actual implementation of the process It is unlikely that there will not be some current activity or work being performed that would fit under the banner of this process However, we ... comprehensive checklist of points that must be reviewed and done Implementation activities for Financial Management Activity Notes/Comments/Time Frame/Who Review current and existing Financial Management...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 12:20

... radical shift FACT: Who says it has to be a 180-degree shift? For some, it is a seamless transition, with a new career based on a previous one and little or no additional training required To ... nonprofit research group with offices in ten large metropolitan areas nationwide Far from revealing some exotic and hidden traits, the tests simply confirmed that I should stick with writing and ... Skills in Nonprofits 277 A Demanding Career Path • An Impressive Job Market With a Lower Pay Scale • An Easy Transition From the For-Profit Sector • Learn the Basics • Nonprofit Management Courses...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:30

... defending it against foreign invaders if I am not able to obtain any knowledge, any words on this domain? After French, English is a living language because of its vitality and lucidity Thanks ... the preeminence of the English language in every aspect of man’s activity, I have been learning it with great zeal and avidity ... Africa, America and Australia Everywhere people speak English Because of its popularity, innumerable books have been written in English; so one of my ways of improving my English is to read books...

Ngày tải lên: 22/07/2014, 04:20

Ngày tải lên: 31/07/2014, 11:20

... Figure 1.11 Transmitting 10 000 source bits over a binary symmetric channel with f = 10% using a repetition code and the majority vote decoding algorithm The probability of decoded bit error has fallen ... t7 are set so that the parity within each circle is even: the first parity-check bit is the parity of the first three source bits (that is, it is if the sum of those bits is even, and if the sum ... http://www.inference.phy.cam.ac.uk/mackay/itila/ for links 18 — Introduction to Information Theory a source bit is flipped Are parity bits or source bits more likely to be among these three flipped bits, or are all seven bits equally...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 18:20

... use the word bit with its meaning, a symbol with two values, not to be confused with the unit of information content Copyright Cambridge University Press 2003 On-screen viewing permitted Printing ... open It happens to be door 3, and it happens not to have the prize behind it The contestant had initially chosen door Repositioning his toupe, the host suggests, OK, since you chose door e initially, ... log-probabilities of the random strings, which may be compared with the entropy H(X 100 ) = 46.9 bits Copyright Cambridge University Press 2003 On-screen viewing permitted Printing not permitted http://www.cambridge.org/0521642981...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 18:20

... the capacity of the Z channel with f = 0.15 (a) Why is p∗ less than 0.5? One could argue that it is good to favour the input, since it is transmitted without error – and also argue that it is good ... compressed file Exercise 6.10.[2 ] Describe an arithmetic coding algorithm to generate random bit strings of length N with density f (i.e., each bit has probability f of being a one) where N is given Exercise ... transmit 1000 bits per second with p = p1 = 1/2 over a noisy channel that flips bits with probability f = 0.1 What is the rate of transmission of information? We might guess that the rate is 900 bits...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 18:20