the structure and function of complex networks siam review

... empirical and theoretical work in biological oceanography and limnology that relates the structure, function and biotic composition of these systems to the body sizes of the organisms present and the ... size and temperature The metabolic theory of ecology uses these scaling relations to make and test THE METABOLIC THEORY OF ECOLOGY predictions about the effects of energy and materials on the ... survival The effects of changes in the magnitude of each of these traits on the others (e.g increased offspring size may be traded off against a reduction in offspring number), and their relationship...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 19:20

... Further examination of the structure and sequence of sbwAFP and TmAFP reveal other similarities (Fig 8C) The panel shows the similarity of the TXT face again, and also reveals the presence of ... changes in the structure of the insect AFPs and to further characterize the TXT face of these proteins, the backbone dynamics of TmAFP and sbwAFP were measured at 30 °C and °C [38,40] Overall, the results ... Tyr (TmAFP) and the TH activity of the protein was measured The top of the panel shows the protein with the TXT face oriented towards the viewer, while the bottom shows the effect of mutations...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 16:20

... changes the conformation of the other subunit, thereby completely abolishing reaction of SDTG with the second subunit Analysis of the crystal structure of the enzyme in complex with the S-atrazine–GSH ... hydrophobic pocket of domain II of the other monomer, physically anchors the two subunits together at either end of the interface Explanation of the biphasic kinetics An average incorporation of 0.5 mol ... concentration of SDTG, k3 is the maximal rate of inactivation (min)1), and Kd is the apparent dissociation constant of the E:SDTG complex From the data shown in Fig 2, Kd values of 107.9 ± 2.1 lM and 224.5...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 16:20

... 2A) and between the ratio of the length of appressed to non-appressed thylakoid membranes and photon fluence rate (Fig 2B) This suggests that, in the canopy, acclimation of the thylakoid structure ... below 1.4 (Fig B) The leaves examined from levels and were physiologically young and the rates of C0 uptake recorded were from intermediate to high (Fig 2A) The ratio of the length of appressed to ... a lower rate of C0 uptake and an appressed/non-appressed membrane ratio of about In the present study, a tion was found between negative correla- N P and the ratio of the length of appressed...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 03:24

... Background The liver sinusoids are lined by endothelial cells that have a unique structure and function essential for hepatic and systemic homeostasis Much of our understanding of the biology of the ... IM and BS conceived of the study IM carried out most of the experimental work and the writing AW and DGL participated in the determination of fenestration parameters, statistical analysis and ... arteriole and the portal venule [10] In average, the oxygen content of hepatic blood is rather low (~55 mmHg) However, oxygen gradients normally exist between the periportal and the perivenous areas of...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 13:20

... infrastructure (RNA and proteins) The structure and function of this information-processing complex are of great interest in the study of both normal cellular functions (such as differentiation and ... comparative analysis between the architecture and function of the CHD and the structure and function of eukaryotic DNA, which we now define as the DNA hard drive (DHD) The computer ATA (Advanced ... correlations and expansions to these properties by structural and informational aspects of the of DHD, 3) examination of the current discrepancies between the CHD and the DHD, and how these discrepancies...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 16:20

... cloned into pGEX-4T-2 The KIND domains of Spir-2 and PTPN13 were generated by RT-PCR and inserted into pEGFP-C1 and pGEX-4T-2 The N- and C-terminal regions of the v-KIND KIND2 and the MAP2 CD were ... structural and functional importance of the v-KIND and MAP2 interaction core modules in the regulation of dendrite growth and branching in hippocampal neurons and cerebellar granule cells Further studies ... proteins of these subregions (Fig S1C) and 1654 Fig Of all members of the KIND family of proteins, only KIND2 binds to MAP2 Pull-down assay (PD) of the endogenous MAP2 from cerebellar lysates of P21...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 19:20

... above, the determination of the subunit composition of the nAChRs involved has been hindered by the lack of selective ligands and imperfect correlations between the characteristics of native and ... native and heterologously expressed nAChRs The examples presented above clearly demonstrate the usefulness of a-conotoxins in the determination of the structure and function of native nAChRs, and ... Furthermore, the distance of the projection areas from the cell bodies and the indistinct correlation between subunit mRNA levels and functional surface nAChRs hampers the interpretation of studies...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 12:20

... conformer of the C-domain (red and blue) on the crystal structure [20] of the complex of human eRF1 (green) and the truncated eRF3 (purple) The superposition was made using the Ca, C¢ and N atoms of the ... on one side of the b-sheet and two on the other side The rmsd of the heavy atoms (Ca, C, and N) of the protein core, when the NMR structures of both conformers are superimposed on the crystal ... between the signal of the HN of Gly337 in the open conformer and the signal of the water protons All of these observations indicate that the loop region of the open conformer has a higher degree of...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 11:20

... in the mutant First, there is an increase in the negative charge in the active site and, second, breaking the salt bridge would alter the quaternary structure of the protein and therefore the ... in the ArCMLE1 structure The figure was created from the coordinates of the P212121 structure of ArCMLE1 and of PpCMLE (Protein Data Bank code 1RE5) (B) Water cavity below the active site The ... structure The variation in size and the observed amino acid modification between PpCMLE and ArCMLE suggested important differences between the two enzymes Therefore, the crystal structure of the...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 10:20

... STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE ARABIC VERB Structure and Function of the Arabic Verb is a corpus-based study that unveils the morpho-syntax and the semantics of the Arabic verb ... very indicative, in our opinion, of the adequacy and the basis of this orientation, on the one hand, and the destiny of linguistics, on the other hand Of course, these implications might be too ... constructions The frequency of WA, FA-, LA-, and Ø in front of QAD Frequency of the compound perfect The distribution and frequency of sawfa/saThe frequency of QAD, laʕalla, and rubbamaa The contextual...

Ngày tải lên: 03/04/2014, 12:48

... considerable variation and complexity in the number of nucleosomes disrupted, the histone composition of the remaining nucleosomes, and the number and nature of protein complexes they interact with ... Hence, the maintenance of a condensed chromatin structure throughout the entire body of a gene may rely on the combined actions of Set3 at the 5¢ end and Set2 at the 3¢ end In yeast the cycle of ... bp intervals The lighter colour shades depict the bottom half of the nucleosome, and the exploded view below the octamer depicts the arrangement of the histones contacting 73 bp of DNA within...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 18:20

... of the mature enzyme and by the ÔflapÕ The anchorage of the prosegment and of part of the N-terminus in the active site cleft is made by ionic interactions established between Lys11/Tyr13 of the ... other by three disulfide bridges A unique feature of the PSI is the swap of the N- and C-terminal portions of the saposin-like domain, where the C-terminal portion of one saposin is linked to the ... representation of the structure of the PSI domain of barley prophytepsin [25] (N-terminal domain, blue; C-terminal domain, red) (C) Model structure of the PSI domain of cardosin A based on the crystal structure...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 12:20

... longer-chain (and nonglobular) versions of the structure of the Bowman±Birk inhibitor in Fig The X-ray crystal structure pi2 reveals that the /,w angles of most of the residues of the Bowman±Birk ... form of b strand [18] The positive bands at » 1675 cm)1 in the amide I region of the ROA spectra of b- and j-casein, which originate mainly in the peptide C ˆ O stretch, are characteristic of disordered ... that the former is likely to be in the Cterminal half and the latter in the N-terminal half of the protein [29,48±51] Sequence-based structure prediction methods suggest that the caseins are of the...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 15:20

... our model of the role of point of view in problem solving SUMMARY We have reported here a three pronged approach to the study of problem solving action and report: I) the collected of data on ... problem solving and talk about problem solving, 2) development of a process model of these behaviors, and 3) use of coding techniques to extract traces of "critical phenomena" from the transcripts ... evaluating the model So far, we have focussed our efforts on two types of problem solving phenomena: the changes in the problem solver's organization of the problem ("point of view"), and systematic...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 20:20

... regarding the identification and distribution of TLP genes in nature, the structural and functional characterization of the TLP from various organisms, and the evolution of TLP and transthyretin The ... in b-strands A, G and H [17] Structural nature of the TLP and transthyretin active sites One of the striking features of transthyretin is the central channel of the protein into which the THs ... between the structures of TLP and transthyretins are found in the loop connecting b-strands B and C, which is highly exposed to the solvent in TLP [17] Interruptions in the b-strands A, G and H...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 00:20

... fold, in which the b1-strand and b2-strand are adjacent and parallel to each other, and the b¢-strand is adjacent and antiparallel to the b1-strand (Fig 1) The length and sequence of the variable ... them The RNA or DNA is bound in an extended, singlestranded conformation across one face of the KH domain, between the a1-helix and the a2-helix and GXXG on the ‘left’, and the b2-sheet and the ... 6A–C) The first position of the core recognition motif sits on top of the a1-helix, and then the phosphate backbone of the next two nucleotides interacts with the a1-helix and the GXXG motif on the...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 05:20

... comparable to the hexokinase subunits [24] One lobe consists of the phosphate1 subdomain and the predicted a-helix I The other lobe consists of the phosphate2 and the adenosine subdomains, the predicted ... fitted into the glucokinase model using RasMol software Figure shows the predicted structure of GlcNAc kinase with the localization of the five ATP-binding subdomains and the secondary structures ... concluded that C131 and C143 are directly involved in binding the two relevant functional groups of the kinase reaction, the c-phosphate of ATP and the hydroxyl group at C6 of GlcNAc, or they may even...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 10:20

... CHAPTER – THE STRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE CEREAL PLANT 24 THE WHEAT BOOK THE WHEAT BOOK CHAPTER – THE STRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE CEREAL PLANT THE STRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE CEREAL ... parts of a leaf are the tip of the blade and the top of the sheath Where the blade and sheath join, there are structures called the ligule and the auricles (Figure 2.3) Characteristics of the shoot ... structure of the stem and leaf of the wheat plant 27 CHAPTER – THE STRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE CEREAL PLANT DESCRIPTION OF THE WHEAT PLANT THE WHEAT BOOK (continued) at their bases, so the...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 23:20