the reconciliation of the macroscopic and molecular theories of matter

... biologists and wish became the father of thought and the grandfather of observation: they claimed to see small but fully formed organisms in the sperm of men, horses, cocks and other animals and also ... distinct tissues come together, and here we will examine the generation of the neural tube in the newt and the formation of the ducted submandibular glands of the mouse The latter example in particular ... development, the position of epithelial folding, the direction of spindle orientation and hence the direction of cell growth, the amount of sac contraction, and the symmetry of epithelial drying...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 11:21

... position at the present day The present theories of the transmission of light and sound; of the production of winds, and sun-spots, and of the method of development and dissemination of heat, are ... except in the direction of other spheres These theories throw new light upon the character and extent of the atmosphere of the moon and planets, and the consequent availability of those and other ... ten feet of space Present theories of Supply of Sun-heat The present theories of the production and dissemination of sun-heat, are simply accepted for want of better, and not because they account...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 01:20

... one of the manganese ions This, together with the fact that the positions of other Fig Scheme of the binuclear manganese cluster and the localization of the side-chains of Asp153 and Asn153 in the ... with the sequences of 1CEV and 1RLA and pasted into the structural alignment The alignment was then corrected by hand Since the sequences of the two arginases and agmatinase greately differ in the ... indicating that the environment of tryptophan residues is essentially conserved in the mutant enzyme On the other hand, the absence of major differences in the CD spectra of the wild-type and D153N...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 01:21

... properties of both conserved and unique components of the Cag-T4SS, together with potential implications for the current understanding of its mode of action The cagPAI and the Cag type IV secretion ... details of secretion apparatus assembly, as well as in the molecular mechanisms of effector protein secretion This minireview describes the composition of the cagPAI and the properties of both ... complex proteins A further step in the assembly of the secretion apparatus would be the recruitment of components forming the inner membrane pore of the secretion apparatus The Cag system contains...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 00:21

... and sequenced as above The fulllength cDNA of lac1 was then generated by 3¢-RACE using the primer 5¢-TCTCAACCGTCGACAGCAG TGTTCGTG-3¢ designed from the sequence of the extreme 5¢ end of lac1 The ... abundance was evaluated in the exponential phase of the reaction (half of the maximum product) To further validate the assays, the optimized cycle number (23 and 28 for gpd and lac1, respectively) ... purified and characterized one of these laccases, lac1, and cloned and sequenced the cDNA encoding the protein RT-PCR was used to study the regulation of lac1 gene expression in V volvacea when the...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 15:20

... elucidate the role of the positively charged residue Arg78 and the effect of the reduction of cationicity of MBP in the triggering of multiple sclerosis Flexible docking calculations of the MBP(74–85) ... the binding and affinity for I-Au because of occupation of the P1 pocket Recent thermodynamic and kinetic studies of the binding of TCRs to peptide–MHC ligands suggested that the low affinity of ... distant from the side chain of Arg78 The side chain of Arg78 is less well defined, as in the case of aqueous solution, because of the absence of interactions with the side chains of Asp81 (in the agonist...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 16:20

... induced against the linear isoform of the HNE peptide Although the binding pattern may be somewhat blurred by these antibodies and by the polyclonal nature of the sera, the importance of residues ... with the intact protein (Fig 8B,F) For the binding of the sera to the HNE peptide, the importance of the Cys residues was relatively low, in comparison to the binding with the mAbs BH216, BH21 and ... Similarly, the e-amino group of K387 could form a salt bridge with the close carboxyl group of E395 and further stabilize the peptide structure within the complex with the antibody In the virus, the...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 08:20

... atoms near the surface, as compared with those in the bulk, and the increasing dominance of the surface would decrease the strength of the structure 3.2 The melting properties of the SiNWs The variation ... [30], and in the present simulation the load is along the [11 0] orientation and the resolved shear stress on the (111) plane causes the sliding After the formation of the neck, the plastic deformations ... Effects of (a) temperature and (b) strain rate on the tension behaviour of the SiNWs ties of nanowires as a function of their diameters (as shown in Fig 1) As for the triangular-shaped SiNWs in the...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 15:18

... with the O atom of the main chain CO group of the TrpB240; Ng1 shares H bonding with O atom of the CO group of LeuB387 together with O atom of c-OH of SerB386; Ng2 is in H bonding with Od1 of AsnB241 ... COO– in the aminic part determines the position of the substrate within the S1¢-binding subsite O atoms of the main chain CO groups of LeuB387 and TrpB240, Od1 atom of AsnB241, and Oc atom of SerB386 ... presence of a single roughly conical groove, the hydrophobic part of which accommodates the phenylacetyl moiety of the ligands The more polar aminic moiety resides in the open part of the groove,...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 16:20

... disulfide bond These estimates of the molecular mass of ST94 were supported by the result of gel permeation HPLC (Fig 3) There was a minor band between 140 and 232 kDa in the native-PAGE of Fig 2A ... with trypsin The molecular masses of the subunits of ST94 and ST94t were similar to those of the proenzymes ( 70–80 kDa) and the activated enzymes by proteolysis ( 60–70 kDa) of a bivalve tyrosinase ... affect the activities of ST94 and ST94t Table Effects of tyrosinase inhibitors on the o-diphenolase activities of ST94 and ST94t The o-diphenolase activities of ST94 and ST94t were measured by the...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 10:20

... the soluble and insoluble fractions of renal cortex and renal papilla The 105-kDa protein in the kidney is specifically located in the medulla, and the localization of the 105-kDa protein is the ... pattern of HSP90 and the 105-kDa protein under the same conditions in the presence of some kinds of protease inhibitors However, the induction patterns of the 105-kDa protein and HSP90 were the same ... protein the same as the other molecular chaperones like a HSP70 and GRP78 Amino-acid sequence of the 105-kDa protein To investigate the biochemical properties of the 105-kDa protein, the amino-acid...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 10:20

... Although the precise localization of the domains responsible for receptor binding and translocation activity remains unclear, these domains are located in the N-terminus of each of these toxins and ... is the detection of the modification, which involves the detection of a molecular mass change of Da in a relatively large protein substrate (20–45 kDa) Another challenge is the development of ... current understanding of the structure–function, mechanism of action and cellular consequences of this newest member of the G-protein-deamidating dermonecrotic toxin family Epizootic and zoonotic...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 15:21

... i.e DIMs and PGL-tb; and (b) to address the question of the function of the two related molecules DIM A and DIM B According to the accepted model of DIM and PGL biosynthesis [17], DIM A and PGL-tb ... bacteria of the PMM56 mutant strain were present in the spleen of these mice For the determination of the number of PMM56 bacteria present in the spleen of these four mice, we thus chose a value of ... roles of the various members of the DIM family, e.g DIM A and DIM B, in these functions have never been investigated The recent developments in our understanding of the biosynthetic pathway of DIMs...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 09:20

... With the exception of four a-helices and two pairs of short b-strands, the rest of the protein consists almost entirely of loops connecting the b-strands The loops extending from the Ó FEBS 2004 ... b-sandwich are composed of seven b-strands Many of the side-chains in the b-sheets are hydrophobic, and interactions between these residues appear to hold the b-sandwich in position With the ... was 1.8°, the standard deviation of the hydrogen bond energies was 0.7 and overall G-factor, a measure of the normality of the structure, was 0.0 Fig SDS/PAGE and activity analysis of recombinant...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 13:20

... identification of the minimal essential region required for the interaction with the middle domain, which mediates the dimerization of HSP90, and the other, the identification of the minimal region of the ... roles of the C-terminal domain of HSP90 (Eur J Biochem 270) 147 and geldanamycin, a specific inhibitor of HSP90 molecular chaperone; and the other is in the C-terminal domain Minami et al [16] and ... middle and C-terminal domains of GRP94 The bacterial two-hybrid system was used to evaluate the binding activity The value of the combination of the middle and the C-terminal domains was set...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 20:22

... (A213–N239) and is coordinated to the Ca2+ ion In PAL the corresponding loop (S202– F207) is shorter and the water molecule in the coordination sphere of the metal is substituted by the OH group of T205 ... by the abundance of charged residues on the surface which enhances flexibility and ability of interaction with the solvent [3] Both factors are of importance for cold activity On the other hand, ... hand, the presence of disulphide bridges may increase the rigidity of the protein backbone and therefore its thermostability [35] Interestingly, the only disulphide bridge present in BCL and PAL...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 04:21

... world The dark matter of the mind, the unconscious, has the greatest psychic gravity Disregard the dark matter of the universe and anomalies appear Ignore the dark matter of the mind and our irrationality ... explanatorily idle, and then shift the burden of proof to the proponent of a less simple theory In Albert Einstein’s words: The grand aim of all science is to cover the greatest possible number of empirical ... fine-tuning of initial conditions at the moment of the Big Bang with an incredible accuracy of about 10-60 Recent developments in string theory, the most popular candidate for the role of the Theory of...

Ngày tải lên: 27/07/2014, 14:11

... situated on the side of the species in the majority represented in the neighbourhood, the sessile oak The comparison of the mean values of the groups on the first axis of DFAa by means of the F-test ... means of the comparison of the RAPD marker frequencies of a subsampling of these progenies and of the adult population Analysis of the morphological characters MATERIALS AND METHODS Sampling The ... analysis In the second case of the figure, the heterozygote deficit (f) must be considered The frequency of the phenotype A+ is the sum of the frequency of the genotype P : +/+ All of the 41 ied...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 18:21

... activities The residual cost (Table 1) is the difference between the cost of null hypothesis and the total cost The larger the difference between the cost of the null hypothesis and total cost, the ... %Y, the percentage of known actives in the hit list (recall); Ht, the number of hits retrieved; D, the number of compounds in the Page of 13 database; E, the enrichment of the concentration of ... found at the bottom of the gorge The combination of these interactions in other inhibitors (e.g., donepezil, galanthamine) is already found in the AChE crystal complex structure and therefore the...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:21

... detected to 43% of Arabidopsis (14,382 of 33,405), 38% of Populus (16,202 of 42,344), 40% of Ricinus (12,494 of 31,221), 55% of Vitis (13,017 of 23,493), 47% of Oryza (12,652 of 26,940), 38% of Sorghum ... estimation of these properties allows the recognition of general differences among the transcriptomes, enhancing the understanding of their distributions We note that the most Page of 15 Figure ... conceived of the project and were responsible for directing all of the research activities, and also have assisted in the writing of the manuscript All authors have read and approved the final...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 11:21