the recent advances in basic research and clinical care

... Macular Degeneration – The Recent Advances in Basic Research and Clinical Care presents  the most  recent advances in basic research and clinical care of  AMD.  Different  from  other  AMD  books,  ... future  research.   The book  is  targeted  at  researchers  and clinicians  who  are  interested  in learning  about  new  advances in the understanding and treatment of AMD, and insights into future research of AMD.  ... between the retinal layer and the Bruch’s membrane leading to retinal degeneration (Nandrot et al., 2004) 6 Age Related Macular Degeneration – The Recent Advances in Basic Research and Clinical Care...

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 15:20

... insulin into the body through a needle left in the skin The pumps adds insulin to the body either at pre-determined times or when needed The pumps administer inulin to the body similarly to the ... effectiveness and speed of action The three types are: rapid acting insulin, intermediate acting insulin, and long acting insulin Choosing the correct type of insulin differs from person to person and ... automatically inject insulin into the body over the course of the day These pumps have become the standard for diabetes control and assist the body in mimicking the natural release of insulin as best...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 22:20

... nonetheless effective bridge between academic research in theory and engineering development in practice, and as a messenger between the technical pioneers and the researchers who followed in their ... as the MCRB Instead of taking the inverse of the matrix first, we select the desired estimation element from the information matrix first and then execute the inverse step After choosing the ... of the data The general moment method was introduced by K Pearson The main procedure in the moment method involves equating the unknown parameter to a moment of distribution, then replacing the...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 19:20

... eliminate intersymbol interference and intercarrier interference In general, the symbol timing offset may vary in an interval that is equal to the guard time and does not cause intersymbol interference ... results in time-varying phase changes Intercarrier interference comes into being another attached problem Because an error in the sampling frequency means an error in the FFT interval duration, the ... subdivided into three types: intraband contiguous, intraband discontinuous and interband A diagram describes their difference in Fig 11 Fig 10 Carrier aggregation types: (a) intraband contiguous; (b) intraband...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 19:20

... complexity and the extent of channel state information required at the receiver, we will introduce four types of combining schemes, including selection combining, switch combining, EGC, and MRC, in the ... combining, switch combining, equal-gain combining (EGC), and MRC The well-known Alamouti’s transmit diversity scheme using two transmit antennas and one receive antenna is then introduced The ... pulse shapes The purpose of pulse shaping is to increase the width of the main lobe and/ or reduce the amplitude of sidelobes, as the sidelobe contains the ICI power 52 Recent Advances in Wireless...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 19:20

... revolutionised the wireless community In particular, the linear increase in capacity achieved when jointly increasing the number of antennas at transmission and reception, theoretically forecasted in (Telatar, ... Receiver As shown in Fig 2, the reception process begins by removing the cyclic prefix and performing an FFT to recover the symbols in the frequency domain After S/P conversion, and assuming ideal synchronization ... found by computing the PEP for each class and weighing it using the number of elements in the class and the number of erroneous bits this class may induce The BER upper bound can then be rewritten...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 19:20

... corresponding users’ rate vector are obtained from (8) and shown in Fig as a marker point in the boundary of the rate region Therefore, the marker points are the points of R0 located in the boundary ... finite set and therefore the set of achievable points R0 is finite It comprises all points resulting from the combinations of r and u that fulfill the power constraint Therefore, the cardinality of ... in these cases the rate region degenerates in a single point on the corresponding axis The rate at this point is the capacity of the corresponding single-user OFDM channel Once the optimal rate...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 19:20

... of the primary user, n(t) is the AWGN and h is the amplitude gain of the channel H0 is a null hypothesis, which states that there is no licensed user signal in a certain spectrum band On the other ... detector In order to measure the energy of the received signal, the output signal of bandpass filter with bandwidth W is squared and integrated over the observation interval T Finally, the output of the ... (18) that the processing of the signal consists of two separated procedures: averaging in time and accounting for diversity and suppressing noise in spatial 150 12 Recent Advances in Wireless...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 19:20

... handoff and QoS provisioning schemes in integrated WLAN and 3G cellular networks 192 Recent Advances in Wireless Communications and Networks 2.2 Vertical handoff In integrated networks, there ... use by handoff calls, while the remaining channels are shared by both new calls and handoff calls To decrease the handoff call dropping probability, which is at the cost of increasing the new ... WLAN These are Open Coupling, Tight Coupling, and Loose Coupling (Liu, 2006) The Open Coupling architecture specifies an open standard and is used for access and roaming between 802.11 WLAN and...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 19:20

... existing ongoing calls, then the bandwidth or channel is released Considering the CSR algorithm may increase the blocking probability in the WLAN (i.e., deteriorate the QoS in the WLAN by forwarding ... destination can be obtained using training sequences and the CSI of the forward channels at the source and the relay can be obtained either using reciprocity of the links or feedback When the channel matrices ... connections staying in WLAN area to the WLAN, as shown in Figure Specifically, if there exists an ongoing cellular connection and the mobile terminal residing in the WLAN area, and there is still bandwidth...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 19:20

... line 28 and 35 in Fig 4), each stream is identified using the sndrcvinfo.sinfo_stream field (see line 30 and 35 in Fig 3) in the receiving side (the client in this case) 3.3 Multihomed SCTP In ... hence increasing the I-frame data rate, and the video quality Furthering the results obtained in this work, the same authors introduced in (Wang et al., 2009) an extension to the SCTP protocol The ... in handover decisions The flowchart of HVHO is depicted in Figure Basically, the HVHO approach proceeds in two phases: In the initial learning phase when the visited environment is unknown, the...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 19:20

... uplink and downlink in terminals In rtPS class and nrtPS class, BS assigns data grants to downlink, and polls to terminals in accordance with the reserved capacity for uplink in each terminal, and ... k increases • The number of links provided by 11-interface k increases The first item in the above list means the increase in contention with other terminals, thus it also causes the increase in ... Ful.rtPS, and then Tul.rtPS is a convex monotonically increasing function of Ful.rtPS the same as rtPS of downlink 3.4 16-uplink in nrtPS and 16-link in BE In 16-uplink of nrtPS and 16-link of BE,...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 19:20

... mentioned in 5.2 In area-B, the packet collision and loss in 11b further increase because of the increase in traffic, and the large number of retransmissions in MAC brings the increase in delay ... in FTP is 350K bytes The IP average delay of the proposal is low, and is stable On the other hand, that of the others increase as linear, and become much higher than that of the proposal Furthermore, ... retransmissions and the FTP response time of the proposal is the same as those of SL As the above mentioned, the cause of TCP retransmission in SL is the packet loss in 11b-link, but the cause of that in the...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 19:20

... of interest It also includes the policies concerning the vicinity, the town or the country The highest layer is related to the applications and all that concerns the human interaction 328 Recent ... Architecture The stream server program encapsulates the video data into Internet Protocol (IP) stream and saves the IP stream in the buffer allocated in the main memory of the host PC The DSP module ... DSP module fetches the data in the buffer through the PCI interface provided by the above mentioned carrier board and then executes the partial part of the digital baseband and Intermediate Frequency...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 19:20

... extraction and parsing component obtains the requested content from the internet, and use JTidy to reformat the web page into the XHTML format and then build the DOM tree for the page Most of the transcoding ... (D), and constraints (L) The output of the transcoding rules then is a member of P(Mt) that are the required actions for the transcoding We apply heuristics to design the transcoding rules in the ... AverageLink: This is the quotient of the number of links and the number of words within a XHTML node In web contents with useful information, this value tends to be very high, and all contents in the...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 19:20

... causes the capacitive discharge, plus the one produce in the ESR of the capacitor is: ΔV = Vripple = ΔVESR + ΔVC (12) Bearing mind the reasoning followed on the previous lines, and replacing Ec and ... cut and saturation The power is delivered to the load through the energy store in an inductor, which charging cycle is a function of the energy demanded by the load So, the energy drained from the ... causes voltage drops in the load input voltage due to the internal resistance of the power lines and the power source connectors If linear regulation is used, the regulators input and output current...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 19:20

... among others On the other hand, operating in the 2.4GHz international ISM (Industrial, Science, and Medical) band, the 24XStream transceiver can be used in most countries in the world The other ... definitions At the beginning of data collection, the server and all the units are all set in State Starting with the first wireless unit in the network, the server queries the sensor for the ... sensing channel for storing the sensor data For each sensing channel, at any point in time, only one of the stacks is used to store the incoming data stream While incoming data is being stored into...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 19:20

... In another words, the plan call for conducting an experiment to vary the directivity inside the vertical face of the antenna by making a model (ground plane) antenna by changing the wire in the ... to our daily lives In recent years, improvements in integrated technology of electronic circuits and the increasing multi-functionality of mobile terminals have led to the inclusion of a multitude ... constant of the polymer film, A is the active polymer area, and t and b are the thickness and the volume of the polymer The second equality in Equation (1) can be written because the volume of...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 19:20

... for monitoring physical interactions between proteins in living cells Others are using bioluminescent proteins for high sensitive optical reporters imaging in living animals, developing pHtolerant ... luciferin proteins, ATP, genes and the whole complexities of these interactions to observe and follow the progress or inhibition of tumors in animal models by measuring bioluminescence intensity, ... Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 03:20

... simultaneously in the same cell, the interactions between the two mammalian proteins bring the activation domain (VP16) and binding domain (Gal4) together that in turn bind to the Gal4 domain binding sequences ... differential binding affinity, and also to decipher the time-kinetics of protein-protein interactions Moreover the two-hybrid system could only detect the interacting proteins in the nucleus, not in the ... microscopy Promising cell culture studies have led to further investigations into the protein-protein interactions in living mice using different modalities in cells and in vivo in living animals...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 03:20