the principle of dose response in antineoplastic drug delivery

... from the patients at six points: before treatment and at the beginning, in the middle of and at the end of RT and at and weeks after the completion of RT By using meticulous handling procedure, the ... score of 0-2 with the life expectancy of more than months Written informed consents were obtained from all of the patients in accordance with the procedures of the Institutional Review Board of the ... 0.157) During the period of radiation treatment, from the beginning of RT to the middle of RT, the RP group tended to show a decrease in the TGF-β1 level However, the TGF-β1 level began to increase...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 10:20

... (maxillary sinus), C31.1 (ethmoid sinus), C31.2 (frontal sinus), C31.3 (sphenoid sinus), C31.8 (overlapping lesion of accessory sinuses) and C31.9 (accessory sinus, NOS) Information for the following ... receiving combined modality treatment [17] The authors also performed a detailed analysis in which they attempted to infer the patients’ Kadish stage from the information available in the SEER ... definition has been refined in the period studied from being based exclusively on histomorphology [27-29] to include ultramicroscopic findings [26,29-33] and immunoprofile[2,25,32,34-36] in the...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 09:20

... clavicular fossa and above the seventh rib Any relapse involving the axillary lymph nodes, and/or other nodes in the infra or supraclavicular fossa or in the internal mammary chain was considered as ... supraclavicular and internal mammary lymph nodes alone) Local recurrence was defined as any relapse in the area of surgery between the sternum and the anterior axillary line, and below the inferior clavicular ... give us better information the role of PMRT in this patient group [6] Radiation oncologists often confront patients with 1-3 positive lymph nodes following MRM in their routine clinical practice...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 09:20

... developments in computer science and medical imaging The whole chain of radiotherapy is benefitting by these developments First of all, concerning the aiming problem in radiotherapy, the introduction of ... health level in the field of cancer cure Radiotherapy: Still a Major Treatment for the Cure of Cancer in the Coming Years At the beginning of the 20th century after the first Halsted, Wertheim or Bilroth ... early 90s, the companies involved in the development of linacs came up with computer-controlled MLCs integrated into the irradiation head of the accelerator At the very beginning, a couple of problems...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 11:20

... 10-mm margin was used in the rest of the volume The organ at risk volumes (OARVs) outlined were the bladder, the rectum from the sphincter to the sigmoid (including the GTV-T), and the SB The SB ... debated and explored since the begining of IMRT, there is no data available in the context of LARC Taking into account the benefits of IMRT and published data of the incidence of second malignancies ... results in a trade-off between the coverage of the target, avoidance of adjacent healthy structures, and the inhomogeneity of the dose within the target The consequences of non-uniform dose distributions...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 08:22

... air outside the patient skin in the planning system; however, the CBCT number in such situation is much greater than zero The mean CBCT value in the air around the skin is 1379 for the selected ... the first treatment day and the other on two weeks later The patients were initially set up to the skin markers then followed with a CBCT scanning The CBCT images were acquired according to the ... units) in the initial treatment plan were applied to the kV-CBCT images, and then the dose distribution was recalculated based on the new calibration curve The dose calculation was performed in the...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 08:23

... suitable for other treatment modalities [17,18,20] Cheng et al [25] reported that IMRT offers the better potential of increasing the dose conformality to the tumor and reducing the dose to the sensitive ... Hi-Art Tomotherapy (Tomotherapy, Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA) via Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) protocol The dose by IMRT was calculated using the Eclipse system In Eclipse ... where VPTV is the volume of PTV, VTV is the treated volume enclosed by the prescriptiond isodose surface, and TVPV is the portion of the PTV within the prescribed isodose volume The CI approximates...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 08:23

... pharyngectomy setting The technique involves the angling of noncoplanar beams in the caudal direction while using 3D planning to deliver dose inferior to the standard threefield match line The authors ... 1.0 cm margin in the tight clinical 2D, loose clinical 2D, and 3D/IMRT plans The D95 ranged from 3781 cGy in the tight clinical 2D plan (60% of the prescription dose) to 6300 cGy in the IMRT and ... between the coverage of the PTV and the level of expansion was dependent on the spatial relationship between the expanded borders of the PTV and the predetermined boundaries of the clinical plan...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 09:20

... and minimum doses Mean dose (D mean) was also reported The degree of conformity of the plans was defined as the ratio between the volume receiving at least 95% of the prescribed dose and the volume ... Role of mitomycin in combination with fluorouracil and radiotherapy, and of salvage chemoradiation in the definitive nonsurgical treatment of epidermoid carcinoma of the anal canal: results of ... difference between the plans was noted for the parameters V10, V20, and mean dose Finally, the planning objectives for healthy tissue consisted in minimize the dose, in particular the low doses about...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 09:20

... (defined as the entire body volume included in the CT scan minus the PTVs), the integral dose, “DoseInt” was defined as the integral of the absorbed dose extended to over all voxels excluding ... the conformity of the high dose levels For OARs, the analysis included the mean dose, the maximum dose expressed as D2% and a set of VXGy (OAR volume receiving at least x Gy) depending upon the ... volumetric intensity-modulated arc therapy based on the original investigations of Otto [19] and was adopted for this investigation A detailed description of the principles of RapidArc can be found in...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 09:20

... malabsorption of vitamins, lactose, and bile acids [4] Another important finding was the higher absence of GI symptoms (grade 0) in IMRT group (43.1% versus 8.7%; p < 0.001) The possibility of offering ... tumor site The planning target volume (PTV) was created expanding the CTV by cm The small bowel region was defined by contouring the peritoneal cavity from the L4 level and excluding the rectum, ... of IMRT in the treatment of pelvic tumors has been increasing throughout the world for more than a decade Our results of acute toxicity among patients in the IMRT group were presented at the 2009...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 09:20

... superior-inferior direction The dose was prescribed to cover at least 95% of the PTV, normalized to the isodose line representing 60-80% of the maximum dose inside the PTV The majority of plans ... tissue-reparative responses, but further analysis of the nature of the lingering metabolic activity is beyond the scope of the present study The present study results are the first to support independently the ... describes the slope of the curve Doses to individual lesions were grouped into tertile bins, and the x-axis value was the mean dose given in that bin, expressed as either BED or SFED, while the y-axis...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 09:20

... the potential role for IMRT in the management of locally-advanced carcinoma of the rectum with respect to minimizing dose to relevant normal tissue structures including the bladder, bones, and bowel, ... beam angles In terms of general planning strategy, highest priority was given to PTV coverage, then to minimizing dose to small bowel Of intermediate priority were reducing dose to the pelvic ... receiving at least a dose of X Gy Maximum dose was expressed as D1%, minimum dose as D99%, mean dose as Dmean, and maximum point dose as Dmax The homogeneity index (HI) and conformality index...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 09:20

... reirradiation alone or with chemotherapy The likelihood of cure is impacted by the interval between the initial course of radiotherapy and reirradiation depending on, whether the carcinoma is a recurrence ... sculpt the dose around critical structures and thus increase the total dose, will outweigh the theoretical concerns of an increased volume of tissue receiving low -dose radiation Page of 10 However, ... that the dose inhomogeneity and inaccurate delivery to tumor lesions noted in inverse planning can lead to inadequate target coverage To overcome the problems of precise location and changing...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 09:21

... to be involved in tissue repair in vitro [12] and to play an important role in the tumour microenvironment and tumour cell invasion [13] In the light of these findings, it could be hypothesized ... activates other MSPs and MMPs [8,9] TATI is a trypsin inhibitor that balances concentrations of trypsin and also functions as a weak inhibitor of other serine proteinases [10,11] In addition, ... [15] In line with previous findings [1], TATI was expressed in the cytoplasm, and the percentage of positive tumour cells was estimated separately in each core Intensity was annotated using a...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 09:21

... it was the case in 21 patients, the proximal third of the SV was included to the clinical target volume (CTV) electively If invasion of the base of the SV was seen in the MRI (cT3b), the whole ... conformity of the PTV the V95 (percentage of PTV receiving at least 95% of dose, corresponding to 76 Gy) and the Dmax and Dmin (maximum and minimum dose within the PTV) were calculated from the dose ... Reduction of dose delivered to the rectum and bulb of the penis using MRI delineation for radiotherapy of the prostate Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2003, 57:1269-79 Sobin LH, Wittekind CH: The prostate...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 09:22

... However, in detail, the problem has some degree of complexity, since the relative position of a leaf to the closely following backup-jaw will influence the gradient of the penumbra as well as inter-leave-leakage ... With ongoing practice some 'rules' evolved, breaking some former "taboos" in radiotherapy of lung cancer: Minimizing the dose to the ipsilateral (i.e tumor bearing) lung In many cases the ipsilateral ... ago: a dose of ≥ 20 Gy should not exceed 50% of the volume of a single lung and ≥ 25 Gy should not exceed 30% of the volume of both lungs together [15-17] Observing these limits resulted in a high...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 10:20

... contrast injection The subsequent PET scan was acquired from the base of the skull to the inferior border of the pelvis as in the CT scan, using multiple-bed position Attenuation was corrected by using ... measured the value of the hottest pixel in the lesion and then set the upper window level to this maximum value and set the lower window level to 42% of the maximum level Statistical Analysis On the ... assessment of tumor response to the prescribed treatment in a variety of tumor sites including the MPM [10-16] PET imaging is based on biochemical processes that may offer better detection of tumors...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 10:20

... follow-up The endpoint of the study was overall survival Survival was calculated from the first day of radiotherapy using the method of Kaplan Meier Survival curves were compared using the log-rank ... brain metastases Standard treatment regimens include all of the dose ranges evaluated in the early RTOG studies, and is dependent upon issues such as the severity of CNS symptoms, the extent of ... demonstrated in table Discussion Brain metastases are the most common form intra cranial tumor accounting significantly more than one- half of brain tumors in adults Because of advanced in the diagnoses...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 10:21