... from the patients at six points: before treatment and at the beginning, inthe middle of and at the end of RT and at and weeks after the completion of RT By using meticulous handling procedure, the ... score of 0-2 with the life expectancy of more than months Written informed consents were obtained from all ofthe patients in accordance with the procedures ofthe Institutional Review Board ofthe ... 0.157) During the period of radiation treatment, from the beginning of RT to the middle of RT, the RP group tended to show a decrease inthe TGF-β1 level However, the TGF-β1 level began to increase...
... (maxillary sinus), C31.1 (ethmoid sinus), C31.2 (frontal sinus), C31.3 (sphenoid sinus), C31.8 (overlapping lesion of accessory sinuses) and C31.9 (accessory sinus, NOS) Information for the following ... receiving combined modality treatment [17] The authors also performed a detailed analysis in which they attempted to infer the patients’ Kadish stage from the information available inthe SEER ... definition has been refined inthe period studied from being based exclusively on histomorphology [27-29] to include ultramicroscopic findings [26,29-33] and immunoprofile[2,25,32,34-36] in the...
... clavicular fossa and above the seventh rib Any relapse involving the axillary lymph nodes, and/or other nodes inthe infra or supraclavicular fossa or inthe internal mammary chain was considered as ... supraclavicular and internal mammary lymph nodes alone) Local recurrence was defined as any relapse inthe area of surgery between the sternum and the anterior axillary line, and below the inferior clavicular ... give us better information the role of PMRT in this patient group [6] Radiation oncologists often confront patients with 1-3 positive lymph nodes following MRM in their routine clinical practice...
... developments in computer science and medical imaging The whole chain of radiotherapy is benefitting by these developments First of all, concerning the aiming problem in radiotherapy, the introduction of ... health level inthe field of cancer cure Radiotherapy: Still a Major Treatment for the Cure of Cancer inthe Coming Years At the beginning ofthe 20th century after the first Halsted, Wertheim or Bilroth ... early 90s, the companies involved inthe development of linacs came up with computer-controlled MLCs integrated into the irradiation head ofthe accelerator At the very beginning, a couple of problems...
... 10-mm margin was used inthe rest ofthe volume The organ at risk volumes (OARVs) outlined were the bladder, the rectum from the sphincter to the sigmoid (including the GTV-T), and the SB The SB ... debated and explored since the begining of IMRT, there is no data available inthe context of LARC Taking into account the benefits of IMRT and published data ofthe incidence of second malignancies ... results in a trade-off between the coverage ofthe target, avoidance of adjacent healthy structures, and the inhomogeneity ofthedose within the target The consequences of non-uniform dose distributions...
... air outside the patient skin inthe planning system; however, the CBCT number in such situation is much greater than zero The mean CBCT value inthe air around the skin is 1379 for the selected ... the first treatment day and the other on two weeks later The patients were initially set up to the skin markers then followed with a CBCT scanning The CBCT images were acquired according to the ... units) inthe initial treatment plan were applied to the kV-CBCT images, and then thedose distribution was recalculated based on the new calibration curve Thedose calculation was performed in the...
... suitable for other treatment modalities [17,18,20] Cheng et al [25] reported that IMRT offers the better potential of increasing thedose conformality to the tumor and reducing thedose to the sensitive ... Hi-Art Tomotherapy (Tomotherapy, Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA) via Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) protocol Thedose by IMRT was calculated using the Eclipse system In Eclipse ... where VPTV is the volume of PTV, VTV is the treated volume enclosed by the prescriptiond isodose surface, and TVPV is the portion ofthe PTV within the prescribed isodose volume The CI approximates...
... pharyngectomy setting The technique involves the angling of noncoplanar beams inthe caudal direction while using 3D planning to deliver dose inferior to the standard threefield match line The authors ... 1.0 cm margin inthe tight clinical 2D, loose clinical 2D, and 3D/IMRT plans The D95 ranged from 3781 cGy inthe tight clinical 2D plan (60% ofthe prescription dose) to 6300 cGy inthe IMRT and ... between the coverage ofthe PTV and the level of expansion was dependent on the spatial relationship between the expanded borders ofthe PTV and the predetermined boundaries ofthe clinical plan...
... and minimum doses Mean dose (D mean) was also reported The degree of conformity ofthe plans was defined as the ratio between the volume receiving at least 95% ofthe prescribed dose and the volume ... Role of mitomycin in combination with fluorouracil and radiotherapy, and of salvage chemoradiation inthe definitive nonsurgical treatment of epidermoid carcinoma ofthe anal canal: results of ... difference between the plans was noted for the parameters V10, V20, and mean dose Finally, the planning objectives for healthy tissue consisted in minimize the dose, in particular the low doses about...
... (defined as the entire body volume included inthe CT scan minus the PTVs), the integral dose, “DoseInt” was defined as the integral ofthe absorbed dose extended to over all voxels excluding ... the conformity ofthe high dose levels For OARs, the analysis included the mean dose, the maximum dose expressed as D2% and a set of VXGy (OAR volume receiving at least x Gy) depending upon the ... volumetric intensity-modulated arc therapy based on the original investigations of Otto [19] and was adopted for this investigation A detailed description ofthe principles of RapidArc can be found in...
... malabsorption of vitamins, lactose, and bile acids [4] Another important finding was the higher absence of GI symptoms (grade 0) in IMRT group (43.1% versus 8.7%; p < 0.001) The possibility of offering ... tumor site The planning target volume (PTV) was created expanding the CTV by cm The small bowel region was defined by contouring the peritoneal cavity from the L4 level and excluding the rectum, ... of IMRT inthe treatment of pelvic tumors has been increasing throughout the world for more than a decade Our results of acute toxicity among patients inthe IMRT group were presented at the 2009...
... superior-inferior direction Thedose was prescribed to cover at least 95% ofthe PTV, normalized to the isodose line representing 60-80% ofthe maximum dose inside the PTV The majority of plans ... tissue-reparative responses, but further analysis ofthe nature ofthe lingering metabolic activity is beyond the scope ofthe present study The present study results are the first to support independently the ... describes the slope ofthe curve Doses to individual lesions were grouped into tertile bins, and the x-axis value was the mean dose given in that bin, expressed as either BED or SFED, while the y-axis...
... the potential role for IMRT inthe management of locally-advanced carcinoma ofthe rectum with respect to minimizing dose to relevant normal tissue structures including the bladder, bones, and bowel, ... beam angles In terms of general planning strategy, highest priority was given to PTV coverage, then to minimizing dose to small bowel Of intermediate priority were reducing dose to the pelvic ... receiving at least a doseof X Gy Maximum dose was expressed as D1%, minimum dose as D99%, mean dose as Dmean, and maximum point dose as Dmax The homogeneity index (HI) and conformality index...
... reirradiation alone or with chemotherapy The likelihood of cure is impacted by the interval between the initial course of radiotherapy and reirradiation depending on, whether the carcinoma is a recurrence ... sculpt thedose around critical structures and thus increase the total dose, will outweigh the theoretical concerns of an increased volume of tissue receiving low -dose radiation Page of 10 However, ... that thedose inhomogeneity and inaccurate delivery to tumor lesions noted in inverse planning can lead to inadequate target coverage To overcome the problems of precise location and changing...
... to be involved in tissue repair in vitro [12] and to play an important role inthe tumour microenvironment and tumour cell invasion [13] Inthe light of these findings, it could be hypothesized ... activates other MSPs and MMPs [8,9] TATI is a trypsin inhibitor that balances concentrations of trypsin and also functions as a weak inhibitor of other serine proteinases [10,11] In addition, ... [15] In line with previous findings [1], TATI was expressed inthe cytoplasm, and the percentage of positive tumour cells was estimated separately in each core Intensity was annotated using a...
... it was the case in 21 patients, the proximal third ofthe SV was included to the clinical target volume (CTV) electively If invasion ofthe base ofthe SV was seen inthe MRI (cT3b), the whole ... conformity ofthe PTV the V95 (percentage of PTV receiving at least 95% of dose, corresponding to 76 Gy) and the Dmax and Dmin (maximum and minimum dose within the PTV) were calculated from thedose ... Reduction ofdose delivered to the rectum and bulb ofthe penis using MRI delineation for radiotherapy ofthe prostate Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2003, 57:1269-79 Sobin LH, Wittekind CH: The prostate...
... However, in detail, the problem has some degree of complexity, since the relative position of a leaf to the closely following backup-jaw will influence the gradient ofthe penumbra as well as inter-leave-leakage ... With ongoing practice some 'rules' evolved, breaking some former "taboos" in radiotherapy of lung cancer: Minimizing thedose to the ipsilateral (i.e tumor bearing) lung In many cases the ipsilateral ... ago: a doseof ≥ 20 Gy should not exceed 50% ofthe volume of a single lung and ≥ 25 Gy should not exceed 30% ofthe volume of both lungs together [15-17] Observing these limits resulted in a high...
... contrast injection The subsequent PET scan was acquired from the base ofthe skull to the inferior border ofthe pelvis as inthe CT scan, using multiple-bed position Attenuation was corrected by using ... measured the value ofthe hottest pixel inthe lesion and then set the upper window level to this maximum value and set the lower window level to 42% ofthe maximum level Statistical Analysis On the ... assessment of tumor response to the prescribed treatment in a variety of tumor sites including the MPM [10-16] PET imaging is based on biochemical processes that may offer better detection of tumors...
... follow-up The endpoint ofthe study was overall survival Survival was calculated from the first day of radiotherapy using the method of Kaplan Meier Survival curves were compared using the log-rank ... brain metastases Standard treatment regimens include all ofthedose ranges evaluated inthe early RTOG studies, and is dependent upon issues such as the severity of CNS symptoms, the extent of ... demonstrated in table Discussion Brain metastases are the most common form intra cranial tumor accounting significantly more than one- half of brain tumors in adults Because of advanced inthe diagnoses...
... nuclear interactions inthe material inthe beam line is a concern with proton beam therapy Thedose produced by these uncharged particles depends on the materials – geometry ofthe beam material delivery ... the patient [33] Consequently, the implementation of radiation techniques that lower the integral doseof OARs in vicinity ofthe breast, such as protons, could be recommended for certain clinical ... planning target volume; OAR, organ at risk; V95%, volume (in percentage) receiving 95% ofthe prescribed dose *estimated % ofthe prescribed dose from the dose- volume histograms administered to the...