... –gelid, there forge –steam
Under naessas genipap, neither gaited
Flod under foldan.
Modern English
Lonely and waste is the land they inhabit,
Wolf –cliffs wild and windy headlands,
Ledges of ... And flow unseen.
Beowuef (printed in the modern alphabet)
The history of English begins a little after
A.D. 600. English is a Germanic Language
of the Indo –European Family
Indo –
European
English ... hollow to his bones,
and threadbare, too.
ã
Modern English (1500-now) :the change was
the elimination of a vowel sound and the
Great Vowel Shift .
...
... in the physical sciences similar
to that ofthe theory of evolution in the life sciences. What is intriguing
is that the predictions of one seem to contradict the predictions of the
other. The ... and theOriginof Life
Walter L. Bradley
1.
introduction
Darwin’s theory of evolution and the development ofthe Second Law of
Thermodynamics by Clausius, Maxwell, Boltzmann, and Gibbs are two of
the ... understand
how living systems are able to sustain themselves against the downward pull
of the Second Law of Thermodynamics and how thermodynamics affects
the originof information-rich, living systems. Finally,...
... in the
genome of this snake.
These findings provide clues to the evolutionary position
of the neurotoxic V. a. aspis population with respect to the
other snakes studied. The genome of one of these ... with the neutral evolution
theory, which states that the strong conservation of exons
serves to maintain the function ofthe mature protein [26].
The protein-coding regions ofthe PLA2 genes of ... expected to impair the formation or
stabilization ofthe complex, or both, thereby affecting the
toxicity ofthe protein. This is probably the case for changes
in the residues involved in the interaction...
... grown out ofthe discovery ofthe cosmic microwave
radiation background in 1965.
Of course, the theory ofthe expansion ofthe universe is
an essential ingredient in our present view ofthe early ... 'classic' part ofthe subject, which has
to do mostly with the large-scale structure ofthe present
universe: the debate over the extragalactic nature of the
spiral nebulae; the discovery ofthe red ... imaginable oftheoriginofthe universe. Just as
in the Younger Edda, there is an embarrassing vagueness
about the very beginning, the first hundredth of a second or
so. Also, there is the unwelcome...
... scorneth the multitude ofthe city,
neither regardeth he the voice ofthe driver. The range ofthe
mountains is his pasture. The magnificent description ofthe
unicorn and of leviathan, in the ... in the names they give them,
and in their reasonings about them. Many are ofthe opinion, that
pain arises necessarily from the removal of some pleasure; as
they think pleasure does from the ... state criminal of high rank is on the point of being
executed in the adjoining square; in a moment the emptiness of
the theatre would demonstrate the comparative weakness ofthe
imitative...
... Report ofthe Exploration ofthe Queen Charlotte Islands
26
shore, when near the mouth of Tlell River. The general elevation of
the eastern is much higher than that ofthe northern shore ofthe ... extreme
southern village ofthe Hyda nation, familiar with the shores ofthe
southern portion of Moresby, and also of Provost Island, and the
other of Gold Harbor, well acquainted with the northwestern ... Wm. Smithe, Chief Commissioner of Lands and Works ofthe Province
of British Columbia: —SIR—On the 5th of May, having secured the
services of two Hyda Indians, one a native of Ninstints, the extreme...
... extreme
southern village ofthe Hyda nation, familiar with the shores ofthe
southern portion of Moresby, and also of Provost Island, and the
other of Gold Harbor, well acquainted with the northwestern ... by the sinking ofthe earth’s
surface, and the inflowing ofthe waters ofthe ocean, forming the
most remarkable labyrinth of inlets, sounds, straits, channels and
passages on the face ofthe ... Wm. Smithe, Chief Commissioner of Lands and Works ofthe Province
of British Columbia: —SIR—On the 5th of May, having secured the
services of two Hyda Indians, one a native of Ninstints, the extreme...
... the conclusion of peace and
had met each other on the 6th of May at Tappan, where they discussed the exchange of prisoners. By the
terms ofthe treaty theBritish were to evacuate New York, their ... difficulties concerning the militia. TheBritish still held the Western forts pending the settlement
of the frontier and the execution ofthe treaty of peace in full. This naturally annoyed the American
government ... in
Montreal than for theBritish among the ruins of Quebec. But in the matter of food the positions were
reversed. Nevertheless the French gallantly refused the truce offered them by Murray, who...
... affects the lung but, from the initial focus of infection the bacilli can
spread mainly through the blood, but also via lymphatic to other areas ofthe lung and other
organs (Leung, 1999). The ... isoniazid (INH) treatment ofthe latent TB infection
(LTBI) according to the dynamic hypothesis. This treatment allows the drainage ofthe
nonreplicating bacilli, and in the case of endogenous reinfection ... to the mannan backbone of
ManLAM. The mannan of LM is directly attached to position C-6 ofthe myo-inositol of its
MPI anchor. The M.tb ManLAM and LM MPI anchor is indistinguishable from the...
... convergent) originof the
insert itself (Fig. 3B). Apart from theoriginofthe pro-
eukaryote, ValRS data shed light on the intriguing question
of the extent and evolutionary significance of LGT
[52,53,75,76]. ... ER-specific
proteins by means of paralogous multiplication may
indicate theoriginof ER per se. Similarly, multiplication
of the enzymes of DNA metabolism may be tied to the
originofthe nucleus with multiple ... theoriginofthe nucleus,
endomembrane, and cytoskeleton. Nonetheless, phylo-
genetic methods can still be applied to proteins, the
appearance of which might have accompanied the origin
of the...
... coordinates ofthe phenylalanine analog
3-(2-thienyl)-
L
-alanine bound to BH
4
ặPAH. Preserving in
their model both the position ofthe main chain and the
orientation ofthe ring structure, the authors ... equivalent. The
equivalence ofthe two conformations was underscored by
the fact that the orientation ofthe pterin cosubstrate did not
affect the subsequent placement of amino acid substrates in
the ... displayed the expected coordination of
the tyrosine aromatic ring towards the iron atom. However,
the hydroxyl group ofthe aromatic ring was placed trans to
His290. In contrast to the anchoring of the...
... similarity and the position ofthe intron to the
vertebrate type of arrestin (Fig. 1). Therefore, it may be
presumed that the function was lost in vertebrate visual
arrestin during the evolution.
The branch ... arrestins.
Fig. 1. Comparison ofthe amino acid sequences of Ci-Arr with some types of arrestins. The alignment ofthe deduced amino acid sequence of Ci-arr
and the typical animal arrestins was ... constructed the correspond-
ing mutant for Ci-Arr (V55D). This mutant, however,
showed that the extent ofthe internalization was almost the
same as that ofthe control (Fig. 2B) in spite ofthe same
levels...
... complexes’.
While these gametic disequilibria could indeed be the result of coadap-
tation, the possibility cannot be excluded that the changes are the result of
the ‘hitchhiking’ of allozyme loci with other ... plants and fertile anthers.
These differences are presumably the result ofthe egg providing most of the
cytoplasm for the fertilized egg. As with most angiosperms, the egg cell of
Epilobium is rich ... all the other lines is called the gen-
eral combining ability (GCA) and represents the additive component of vari-
ance. The deviation of a particular individual cross from the average GCA of
the...
... features
often given in general textbooks to support the monophyly of this taxon are
the enlargement ofthe basal elements ofthe pectoral fin, the unique
arrangement ofthe scales, the interlocking ... “Holostei” including the Halecomorphi and the Ginglymodi?
The results ofthe cladistic analysis ofthe present work strongly support
the first of these two hypotheses, that is, that Amia is the closest ... thus of an opercular
mechanism to open the mouth [209], the high mobility ofthe maxilla [221]
and its association with the movements ofthe mandible [230], and the
marked division between the...