the names of plants

... largely because of the popularity of his sexual system, this was to be the case. Botany could now contend with the rapidly increasing number of species of plants being The Names of Plants 10 to names ending ... Conservation of names is intended to avoid disadvantageous name changes, even though the name in The Names of Plants 16 The rules of botanical nomenclature The rules which now govern the naming and the names ... that the language of plant names should also be standardized. Linnaeus’ views on the manner of forming plant names, and the use of Latin for these and for the descriptions of plants and their...

Ngày tải lên: 18/03/2014, 19:20

Ngày tải lên: 26/11/2013, 12:41

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Ngày tải lên: 29/06/2014, 15:20

Ngày tải lên: 29/06/2014, 15:20

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 09:03

... the t rees, and furthermore it will lead to the mutation of conserved motifs otherwise common to the sequence family to which the gene belonged at the time of endosymbiosis. The dissolution of ... of all of the enzymes of the pathway (Fig. 4), it is clear that only about half of the enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the major pathway of carbon metabolism in mitochondria of oxygen-respiring eukaryotes, ... to the symbiont could have been transferred to the cytosol of the host [3,83]. For the tricarboxylic acid cycle, a complete transfer of the pathway to the cytosol would not work, because some of...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 04:20

... for the observed very slow exchange of the H A -hydrogen of IPP. In both cases, scrambling of the label takes place within the IPP pool and the error is then transcribed into the DMAPP pool by the ... exchange (2% of the isomerization rate) of the methyl group of IPP and the (Z)-methyl group of DMAPP, and an even slower exchange (0.5% of the isomerization rate) of the olefinic hydrogen of DMAPP corresponding ... concentrations of the tritiated compound, the relative transfer of 14 C-label from the cyclodiphosphate pool is always in excess of the value calculated from the original molar concentration of the two...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 07:20

... The name of the compound is now composed of the name of the main chain preceded by the name and the number of the substituents, arranged in alphabetic order. For the same example, the name ... structure picture, whether or not the name respects the current official nomenclature. This capacity of treating even names which, in spite of do not respect the constraints of the official nomenclatures, ... the end of the process, when the system tries to apply the qualia structure of the later name to the radical 4-ethyl (type E4). However, E4 does not unify with the type {TOP_3 (otherwise, the...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 20:20

... before the addition of microsomes into the glass tube. Resolubilization of the substrates was confirmed by measuring the radioactivity of the incubation media. The enzymatic activities of CYP77A4 ... analysis, which revealed the presence of five metabolites. The mass spectra are given in Fig. S2. The regioselectivity of CYP77A4 was determined on the basis of the peak area of each metabolite detected ... ⁄ MS analysis showed the presence of four metabolites. The mass spectra are given in Fig. S4. The regioselectivity of CYP77A4 was determined on the basis of the peak area of each metabolite detected...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 03:20

... concentration, the plants accumu- lated a higher amount of proline, especially in the leaves which are the primary areas of infl uence of CO 2 . In the main root, there was no necessity of an additional ... by enhancing the pro- duction of ROS. ROS are very toxic for the organ- ism as they affect the structure and function of the biomolecules. The main source of ROS pro- duction in plants is chloroplasts, ... osmotic adjustment they act as osmolytes, facilitating the retention of water in the cytoplasm and enabling the sequestration of sodium into the vacuole or apoplast (cell wall). These osmolytes...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 10:20

... using a DOL-system The following example provides another illustration of the operation of Anabaena DOL-systems. The formalism is used to simulate the development of a fragment of a multicellular ... branching topology of the modeled plants. The geometric aspects, such as the lengths of line segments and the angle values, were added in a post-processing phase. The results of Hogeweg and Hesper were ... of the E-curve on the square grid. Left and right edges are distinguished by the direction of ticks. • the generating polygon is self-avoiding, and • no matter what the relative orientation of...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 13:20

... maximize the quality control of proteins in the secretory pathway. It is not known whether the vacuolar function is enhanced by the UPR in plants. Other UPR in plants The UPR is composed of three ... of a protein signal that is transduced from the ER to the nucleus, and this finding opened the door to investigation of the details of UPR signaling events. In comparison with that of yeast, the ... dramati- cally influences the secondary structure of the protein. Peptidyl-prolyl-cis-trans isomerases (cyclophilin) survey the status of the proline residues and rearrange them from the cis to the trans form...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 11:20

... further details. 1153 The set of trees generated by the CFG is T S , where S is the start symbol, and the set of strings generated by the CFG is the set of yields (i.e., ter- minal strings) of the ... proper names that don’t fit either of the first two expansions). We extracted all of the proper names (i.e., phrases of category NNP and NNPS) in the Penn WSJ treebank and used them as the training ... but it has the advantage that the LDA distributions map straight-forwardly onto PCFG nonterminals). The terminals W of the CFG consist of the vo- cabulary V of the LDA model plus a set of special “document...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 16:20

... and geometry of coordination and electronic conguration (Robson and Pitman, 1983). The ratio of the mass of organic carbon to the mass of organic nitrogen in the soil, known as the C/N ratio, ... efciency of C 4 plants is higher than that of C 3 plants. This may lead to a higher photosynthesis rate and consequently a higher yield capacity of C 4 plants compared to C 3 plants (Fageria, ... INTERACTION WITH OTHER NUTRIENTS Balanced supply of essential nutrients is one of the most important factors in increas- ing yields of annual crops. Hence, knowledge of interaction of N with other nutri- ents...

Ngày tải lên: 03/04/2014, 12:10

... some of them may have even settled in parts of the Americas. However, few, if any, of the descendents of these other groups appear to have survived to the present day. The practical consequence of ... manipu- late such plants for their own benefit. This sort of systematic gathering and management of wild plants was not only done for the production of food. Many plants had other uses, such as in the manufacture ... explore some of the other prerequisites that may not have been in place at that time. 166 These include the degree of sedentism, the nature of human social organization, the genetic status of the putative...

Ngày tải lên: 03/04/2014, 12:11

... So by governing the base sequences in mRNA and tRNA molecules, portions of the DNA ultimately deter- mine the sequences of the various amino acids in polypeptides. The synthesis of nucleic acids ... produced musical scores. 6 Then the Augustinian monk Gregor (Johann) Mendel selected the pea plant as the vehicle of his personal demonstration of the validity of Hofmeister’s conclusions — with ... Tokyo. 28 • SEEDS OF CONCERN SEEDS OF CONCERN THE GENETIC MANIPULATION OF PLANTS David R Murray UNSW PRESS … the most frequent application of genetic engineering to plants, that of conferring herbicide-resistance,...

Ngày tải lên: 20/04/2014, 14:26

... in the past. 4.2. Scope of study - The scope of research of the thesis is the place-name in the whole district, including 23 communes and 1 townlet. However, because the number of place -names ... war period in the 20 th century 3.2.3. Process of changing the place – names of Dong Anh reflecting the step of history - Changing names of administrative unit reflects the change of management ... language origin. Among them, the group of pure Vietnamese place-name has the largest number because this is age-old residence region of the Vietnamese. The group of Sino-Vietnamese place-name also...

Ngày tải lên: 20/04/2014, 18:19

... incubation of sliced pieces of callus in the pres- ence or absence of nicotinamide. The main aim of the study was to produce wheat plants with nuclear male sterility, so that all the flowers would ... inside the bor- der regions of Ti or Ri plasmids. Two of the genes normally trans- ferred with these plasmids specify endonucleases capable of cutting the T-DNA and promoting extra synthesis of this ... produced musical scores. 6 Then the Augustinian monk Gregor (Johann) Mendel selected the pea plant as the vehicle of his personal demonstration of the validity of Hofmeister’s conclusions — with...

Ngày tải lên: 24/04/2014, 14:00

... acid. They can be derived from different stages of the shikimic acid pathway. These acids are of much benefit therapeutically and are non-toxic. They may also occur as glycosides. Modification of the ... major constituent of tea tree oil, the number 4 designates the position of attachment of the hydroxyl group to the ring, and the term ‘para’ is not required. 3. Stereoisomers have the same bonds ... or CAM for short; however, the question is often asked: ‘Is there any scientific evidence that proves any of these therapies work?’. Of all the various complementary therapies, perhaps medical herbalism...

Ngày tải lên: 29/06/2014, 09:20