... largelybecause ofthe popularity of his sexual system, this was to be the case. Botany couldnow contend with the rapidly increasing number of species ofplants being The Namesof Plants 10to names ending ... Conservation of names is intended to avoid disadvantageous name changes, even though the name in The Namesof Plants 16 The rules of botanical nomenclature The rules which now govern the naming and thenames ... that the language of plant names should also bestandardized. Linnaeus’ views on the manner of forming plant names, and the use of Latin for these and for the descriptions ofplants and their...
... the t rees, andfurthermore it will lead to the mutation of conserved motifsotherwise common to the sequence family to which the gene belonged at the time of endosymbiosis. The dissolution of ... of all ofthe enzymes of the pathway (Fig. 4), it is clear that only about half of the enzymes ofthe tricarboxylic acid cycle, the major pathway of carbon metabolism in mitochondria of oxygen-respiringeukaryotes, ... to the symbiont could have been transferred to the cytosol of the host [3,83]. For the tricarboxylic acid cycle, a completetransfer ofthe pathway to the cytosol would not work,because some of...
... for the observed very slow exchange ofthe HA-hydrogen of IPP. Inboth cases, scrambling ofthe label takes place within the IPPpool and the error is then transcribed into the DMAPP pool by the ... exchange (2% of the isomerization rate) ofthe methyl group of IPP and the (Z)-methyl group of DMAPP, and an even slower exchange(0.5% ofthe isomerization rate) ofthe olefinic hydrogen of DMAPP corresponding ... concentrations ofthe tritiated compound, the relative transfer of 14C-label from the cyclodiphosphate poolis always in excess ofthe value calculated from the originalmolar concentration ofthe two...
... The name ofthe compound is now composed ofthe name ofthe main chain preceded by the name and the number ofthe substituents, arranged in alphabetic order. For the same example, the name ... structure picture, whether or not the name respects the current official nomenclature. This capacity of treating even names which, in spite of do not respect the constraints ofthe official nomenclatures, ... the end ofthe process, when the system tries to apply the qualia structure ofthe later name to the radical 4-ethyl (type E4). However, E4 does not unify with the type {TOP_3 (otherwise, the...
... before the addition of microsomes into the glass tube. Resolubilization ofthe substrates was confirmedby measuring the radioactivity ofthe incubation media. The enzymatic activities of CYP77A4 ... analysis, which revealed the presence of five metabolites. The mass spectra are given in Fig. S2. The regioselectivity of CYP77A4 was determined on the basis ofthe peak area of each metabolite detected ... ⁄ MS analysis showed the presence of four metabolites. The mass spectra aregiven in Fig. S4. The regioselectivity of CYP77A4 wasdetermined on the basis ofthe peak area of each metabolitedetected...
... concentration, theplants accumu-lated a higher amount of proline, especially in the leaves which are the primary areas of infl uence of CO 2 . In the main root, there was no necessity of an additional ... by enhancing the pro-duction of ROS. ROS are very toxic for the organ-ism as they affect the structure and function of the biomolecules. The main source of ROS pro-duction in plants is chloroplasts, ... osmotic adjustment they act as osmolytes, facilitating the retention of water in the cytoplasm and enabling the sequestration of sodium into the vacuole or apoplast (cell wall). These osmolytes...
... usinga DOL-system The following example provides another illustration ofthe operation of AnabaenaDOL-systems. The formalism is used to simulate the development of afragment of a multicellular ... branching topology ofthe modeled plants. The geometricaspects, such as the lengths of line segments and the angle values, wereadded in a post-processing phase. The results of Hogeweg and Hesperwere ... ofthe E-curve on the square grid. Left and rightedges are distinguished by the direction of ticks.• the generating polygon is self-avoiding, and• no matter what the relative orientation of...
... maximize the quality control of proteins in the secretory pathway. It is not knownwhether the vacuolar function is enhanced by the UPRin plants. Other UPR in plants The UPR is composed of three ... of a protein signal thatis transduced from the ER to the nucleus, and thisfinding opened the door to investigation ofthe details of UPR signaling events.In comparison with that of yeast, the ... dramati-cally influences the secondary structure ofthe protein.Peptidyl-prolyl-cis-trans isomerases (cyclophilin) survey the status ofthe proline residues and rearrange themfrom the cis to the trans form...
... further details.1153 The set of trees generated by the CFG is TS,where S is the start symbol, and the set of stringsgenerated by the CFG is the set of yields (i.e., ter-minal strings) ofthe ... proper names that don’t fit either of the first two expansions).We extracted all ofthe proper names (i.e.,phrases of category NNP and NNPS) in the PennWSJ treebank and used them as the training ... but ithas the advantage that the LDA distributions mapstraight-forwardly onto PCFG nonterminals). The terminals W ofthe CFG consist ofthe vo-cabulary V ofthe LDA model plus a set of special“document...
... and geometry of coordination and electronic conguration (Robson and Pitman, 1983). The ratio ofthe mass of organic carbon to the mass of organic nitrogen in the soil, known as the C/N ratio, ... efciency of C4 plants is higher than that of C3 plants. This may lead to a higher photosynthesis rate and consequently a higher yield capacity of C4 plants compared to C3 plants (Fageria, ... INTERACTION WITH OTHER NUTRIENTSBalanced supply of essential nutrients is one ofthe most important factors in increas-ing yields of annual crops. Hence, knowledge of interaction of N with other nutri-ents...
... some of them may have even settledin parts ofthe Americas. However, few, if any, of the descendents of these other groups appear tohave survived to the present day. The practical consequence of ... manipu-late such plants for their own benefit. This sort of systematic gathering and management of wild plants was not only done for the production of food. Many plants had other uses, such as in the manufacture ... explore some ofthe otherprerequisites that may not have been in place atthat time.166These include the degree of sedentism, the nature of human social organization, the geneticstatus ofthe putative...
... So by governing the base sequencesin mRNA and tRNA molecules, portions ofthe DNA ultimately deter-mine the sequences ofthe various amino acids in polypeptides. The synthesis of nucleic acids ... produced musical scores.6Then the Augustinian monk Gregor (Johann) Mendel selected the pea plant as the vehicle of his personal demonstration ofthe validity of Hofmeister’s conclusions — with ... Tokyo.28 • SEEDS OF CONCERNSEEDS OF CONCERN THE GENETIC MANIPULATION OF PLANTS David R MurrayUNSWPRESS… the most frequent application of genetic engineering to plants, that of conferring herbicide-resistance,...
... in the past. 4.2. Scope of study - The scope of research ofthe thesis is the place-name in the whole district, including 23 communes and 1 townlet. However, because the number of place -names ... war period in the 20th century 3.2.3. Process of changing the place – namesof Dong Anh reflecting the step of history - Changing namesof administrative unit reflects the change of management ... language origin. Among them, the group of pure Vietnamese place-name has the largest number because this is age-old residence region ofthe Vietnamese. The group of Sino-Vietnamese place-name also...
... incubation of sliced pieces of callus in the pres-ence or absence of nicotinamide. The main aim ofthe study was toproduce wheat plants with nuclear male sterility, so that all the flowerswould ... inside the bor-der regions of Ti or Ri plasmids. Two ofthe genes normally trans-ferred with these plasmids specify endonucleases capable of cutting the T-DNA and promoting extra synthesis of this ... produced musical scores.6Then the Augustinian monk Gregor (Johann) Mendel selected the pea plant as the vehicle of his personal demonstration ofthe validity of Hofmeister’s conclusions — with...
... acid.They can be derived from different stages ofthe shikimic acidpathway. These acids are of much benefit therapeutically and arenon-toxic. They may also occur as glycosides.Modification ofthe ... major constituent of tea tree oil, the number 4designates the position of attachment ofthe hydroxyl group to the ring, and the term ‘para’ is not required.3. Stereoisomers have the same bonds ... or CAM for short;however, the question is often asked: ‘Is there any scientific evidencethat proves any of these therapies work?’. Of all the various complementary therapies, perhaps medicalherbalism...