the method of least squares

... be observed that both ετ and εθ of the proposed method are smaller than those of the existing method [23], but the performances of ετ2 and εθ2 for the proposed method are not as good as those ... to the initial coefficient vector a0 , we can adopt the solution in (18) by setting W(ω) = The details of iterative procedures will be described in the next section To evaluate the accuracy of the ... for the proposed systems can be improved drastically by appropriately specifying the range of fractional delay For the computational complexity, although the design time of the proposed method...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 07:20

... one net advantages: the tax relief on debt interest Behind the use of WACC (the average of the costs of these sources of financing) as the NPV discount rate is the assumption of an unchanging capital ... gearing Two of these, the advantage of debt being ‘cheaper’ than equity and the disadvantage of the cost of equity rising because of increase financial risk, exactly offset each other This leaves ... other 2- Accounting rate of return (ARR) The rate of return on an investment that is calculated by taking the total cash inflow over the life of the investment and dividing it by the number of...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 13:02

... terms Then φ possesses at least two periodic orbits with rotation number p/q 8 Aubry–Mather theory Proof The proof is a nice illustration of the use of variational methods in the construction of ... R), the set of all minimal measures with ρ(µ) = h is denoted by Mh Remark 2.1.7 In the case of one degree of freedom (n = 1), the theory of Mather–Ma˜´ reproduces the discrete Aubry–Mather theory ... subgradient of α at ρ with only one point of tangency This finishes the proof of the theorem Corollary 2.1.25 If, under the assumptions of Theorem 2.1.24, the invariant torus Λ is invariant under the...

Ngày tải lên: 24/04/2014, 16:50

... solutions of 3.60 Clearly α t and β t are not the solutions of 3.60 and α t < β t , t ∈ 0, Also, the assumptions of Theorem 3.1 are satisfied Thus, the conclusion of Theorem 3.1 applies to the problem ... F f φ Then, the convergence of the sequence {αn } of approximate solutions (obtained in Theorem 3.1) is quadratic Proof Let us set en pen − qen x t − αn t 1 t ≥ so that en ηi , satisfies the boundary ... solutions of 3.16 Hence by Theorems 2.2 and 2.3, there exists a unique solution α1 of 3.16 such that α0 ≤ α1 ≤ β t , α1 ≤ M1 , t ∈ 0, 3.18 Boundary Value Problems Note that the uniqueness of the...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 11:20

... a contradiction to the definition of t0 , so u t ≤ β t , for any t ∈ T1 , T2 Proofs of main results In this section, we will deal with the proofs of main results Proof of Theorem 1.1 From Lemmas ... is bounded By virtue of Schauder fixed point theorem, Φf u has at least one fixed point u in Cc,d Then, u is a solution of SBVP with 1.1 This completes the proof Proof of Theorem 1.2 Let d with ... Journal of Inequalities and Applications, vol 2008, Article ID 279306, pages, 2008 18 V V Zhikov, “Averaging of functionals of the calculus of variations and elasticity theory,” Mathematics of the...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 03:20

... refers to the asymptotic progress of either the adaptive weights or the MSE toward the optimal solutions The convergence (as well as the stability) of the system is dependent on the step-size The step-size ... interested in the noise-free predictor weights, given by ⎡ where cl are the tap weights of the predictor The output of the PEF, yPEF,k , is defined as the subtraction of the estimate of the interference ... The twostage structure in this paper uses a supervised algorithm for the adaptation of the second structure and is developed with the goal of improving the convergence of the overall system The...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 19:20

... Correlation of the dipole moment with the Hammett constants of the substituents It is evident from the table II that electron-donating substituents on the phenyl ring increase the pKa of anilines ... substituents enhance planarity of the aniline framework, thereby shortening d(CN) The accompanying loss of electron density from the amino nitrogen atom decreases the pKa of the amino group Conversely, ... HyperChem software 7.52 to study the influence of substituents on some properties of compounds II Methods Hammett constants for the substituents were taken from [8] The pKa values for the aniline...

Ngày tải lên: 23/07/2014, 13:21

... yields the best number of stages and the proper transistor sizes to realize the minimum delay The path delay D is the sum of the delays of each of the stages of logic in the path As in the expression ... independent of the size of the transistors in the circuit The electrical effort h describes how the electrical environment of the logic gate affects performance and how the size of the transistors in the ... gate The branching effort B is the product of the branching effort at each stage along the path The electrical effort H is the ratio of the 23 1.5 Summary of the Method Table 1.4 Summary of terms...

Ngày tải lên: 29/07/2014, 16:21

... = − π L 0 L  For the following PDEs, what ODEs are implied by the method of separation of variables ? Solution : We can use the method of separation of variables to find the following ODEs ... ∂r  Inthe method of separation of var iables , we will find solutions in the product form c) u (r , t ) = φ ( r ) G ( t ) where φ ( r ) is only a function of r and G ( t ) is a function of t We ... From the equation u ( x, t ) = φ ( x ) G ( t ) where φ ( x ) is only a function of x and G ( t ) is a function of t We will get sec ond partial derivetive of u ( x, t ) with respect to t and the...

Ngày tải lên: 26/10/2014, 19:00

... define the form of some type of constraints The ’type’ with options in {e, q, l, u} is used to indicate the type of a constraint The ’dim’ is used to define the dimension of the constraints The ’A’ ... and design a Newton-BiCGStab method for solving a smoothed system of (2.8) 2.2 The Differential Properties of the Smoothing Functions 2.2 The Differential Properties of the Smoothing Functions Consider ... and ΠKmq (z) denotes the projection of z onto the secondorder cone Kmq The properties of second order cone have been well studied The 2.2 The Differential Properties of the Smoothing Functions...

Ngày tải lên: 26/09/2015, 09:56

... [CheLi91], the latter method is a variant of the former one As far as we know, this method was used by Li and Zhu in [LiZhu95] A prior to the work by Li and Zhu, to make use of the method of moving ... this new method to (1.1) since the HardyLittlewood-Sobolev inequality does not work due to the presence of the negative exponent q The primary aim of this note is to reformulate the method of moving ... Following the method of moving spheres by Li and Zhu, Zhang and Hao first introduced the integral form of the method of moving spheres in [ZhaHao08] to provide a new proof for [CheLiOu06, Theorem...

Ngày tải lên: 14/10/2015, 07:54

... Finally, we underline that the earlier methods of evaluating the fractal dimension of limit sets of two-dimensional NSEs seems inapplicable here; in the case of the method of Lyapunov exponents (see ... to weaken the requirements on the regularity of the solution and on the other hand enables us to formulate the results for a broader class of nonlinearities and, even more, to treat the problems ... What is the advantage of this alternative viewpoint on A? Clearly, instead of estimating the fractal dimension of A directly, we are given the possibility of estimating the fractal dimension of A‘...

Ngày tải lên: 29/10/2015, 14:19

... CV ∂x The previous studies show that the effective diffusivity Def f of silicon-self interstitial could be positive or zero, or negative The fig.1 is the graph of the effective diffusivity of silicon-self ... surface So the diffusion process of silicon-self interstitial is backward, i.e the diffusion flux of silicon-self interstitial is from the region of low concentration to the region of high concentration ... in the sky, so the dust and industrial exhaust concentration increases in earth’s atmosphere Based on the interesting properties of the backward diffusion, we propose a method of control of polluted...

Ngày tải lên: 31/10/2015, 10:39

... measures proposed in the thesis feasible pedagogical experimentally 4 New contributions of the thesis In theory, system theory of opinions and give their views of methods of presentation; presentation ... used in the teaching process Third, to promote the advantages and overcome the limitations of the method of presentation, the scientists also mentioned how the method of presentation used in the ... the basic principles of Marxism - Leninism in the colleges and universities of Thai Nguyen province 1.2.2 These issues need further thesis solved First, the theoretical system on the use of methods...

Ngày tải lên: 06/10/2016, 19:16

... when the number of samples is increased the SER performance of the scheme gets better The narrow margin of difference between the theoretical and simulated values of SER indicates the validity of ... , (36) and the left hand side of (35) would be zero in the absence of noise Using the least squares approach with the objective function given by (35), the transmitted symbol can then be detected ... represents the value of x in the absence of noise The remaining terms in (49) gives the contribution of noise terms in determining the value of x Now we will derive an approximate SER expression for the...

Ngày tải lên: 13/10/2015, 15:54

... Group of the University of Valladolid History of evaporative cooling Many examples of the application of the phenomenon of evaporative cooling can be found, such as the metabolic regulation of the ... temperature through the evaporation of sweat from the skin, the use of cooling towers or evaporative condensers, the cooling of pools by the evaporation of the water, etc Furthermore, it was the most widespread ... distributions [7] As the main resistance to heat-transfer can be found in the air on the dry face of the system, the advantage of the higher thermal conductance of metals than that of plastics is negligible...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 16:10

... to the experiment, a stable water level in the reservoir was kept by the overhead tank Once the bottom of the capillary tube contacted with water in the reservoir, the dynamic movement of the ... K is the permeability, L is the length of the capillary tube, Pc is the macroscopic capillary pressure, φ is the porosity, µ1 and µ are the viscosity of water and air, and ρ1 and ρ are the density ... With the background above, the purpose of the present work was to present a novel laboratory method determining the hydraulic permeability of sand layer based on the capillary rise (CR) theory...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 17:03

... center sponsored by the Office of the Secretary of Defense, the Joint Staff, the Unified Combatant Commands, the Department of the Navy, the Marine Corps, the defense agencies, and the defense Intelligence ... characteristic of the AEAN methodology: The evaluation of a ratio of two present values, with the numerator representing the future benefit payments and the denominator representing the future salaries on the ... vested with full benefits The method developed over the course of this study, on the other hand, allocates the costs of postretirement benefits in proportion to the likelihood of military personnel...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 23:20

... capture the value of these Among the stated preference methods the choice experiment method was deemed preferable to the contingent valuation method, since the former enables estimation of the various ... aggregating the average WTP over the population of the municipality and comparing this figure to the operating and upgrading costs of the STP The result of this revealed that the annual taxes the residents ... reduce the amount of untreated raw sewage deposited in the Ganga The most noteworthy of these is the Ganga Action Plan (GAP) Initiated in 1984 by the Indian Government, and supported by the Netherlands,...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 01:20

... change) The slope of the curve, the ratio of the change in capital goods to the change in consumer goods, is negative The value of the slope of a society's ppf is called the marginal rate of transformation ... On the horizontal scale, positive numbers lie to the right of the vertical axis (to the right of the origin) and negative numbers lie to the left of it The point at which the graph intersects the ... including the stock market, into a sharp decline The question at the start of 2008 was whether the sharp slowdown of the housing market combined with the problems of the credit markets would lead the...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 03:20