the interactions between polydnavirus carrying parasitoids and their lepidopteran hosts

... However, the bimolecular interaction between Gag and Gag and that found between Staufen1 and Gag could represent the initial event after which the bimolecular complex co-traffics to the mRNA ... pair Gag-VN and Gag-VC, and at 24 hr post-transfection, we fixed and then stained the cells for endogenous Staufen1 (Figure 2D) The BiFC signals between Gag-VN/Gag-VC were observed at the plasma ... diminished over the course of this experiment Therefore, we can conclude that photobleaching is not significant in these experiments, and also that the scaffold for interactions between Gag and host...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 23:23

... present evidence for interactions 2262 C M L Barrett and C Robinson between the TM spans of TatA and TatB, and between the amphipathic regions Finally, we have re-examined the numerous mutations ... expressing the various mutated subunits, and the data for the TatA and TatB mutants (expressed using the pBAD vector) are shown in Fig The expression of the wild-type tatABC from the pBAD-ABC ... because GFP and TorA are found predominantly in the periplasm The TatA ⁄ 3Gly mutant, on the other hand is blocked in export and no translocation activity can be detected The same applies to the TatA...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 17:20

... vitro and in vivo systems) (Figure 1) Therefore, this methodology presents considerable advantages for a better understanding and description of the relevant processes and interactions in the field ... contributions HS and HH developed the concept of this article HS, MB, CC, RMF, SUG, MH, SH, UK, GL, SR, AS and HH contributed equally to the content of the article and gave their final approval ... matter (SPM) The concentration of SPM depends on the shear stress, sediment components, storage time of the sediment, and presence or absence of fish Furthermore, the water content, the capacity...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 21:20

... cells Endothelial-tumor cell interactions induce nitric oxide release from the hepatic endothelium Direct and indirect evidence from the literature has supported the hypothesis that the hepatic ... influence the interactions between metastatic tumor cells and the liver with a consequence of altering the formation of liver metastases In addition, the hepatic endothelial adhesive and cytotoxic ... to lead to the increased tumor cell binding and stimulation of angiogenesis, and on the other hand, endothelial cells can contribute to host anti-metastatic responses by producing the cytotoxic...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 13:20

... cancer and transplant rejection Both the innate and adaptive components of the host response are complex, and the interaction between the two represents another level of intricate, non-linear and ... agents and signals from one zone to another They are randomly placed in Zones and The variation and uncertainty of the time spent by immune cells in the areas represented by Zone is one of the sources ... of the western population and rising in the developed world [64] The correlation between the hypersensitivity reactions of the immune system that involve T lymphocytes and dendritic cells and the...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 16:21

... for the activation of the inflammasome and IL-1β production, a key cytokine in host defence The relationship between inflammasome activation and induction of autophagy is not clear Hypothesis and ... allows the bacteria to inject protein effectors into the host cell in one single step altering the function of the host cell and promoting survival of the bacteria (Salmond and Reeves, 1993) The ... The precise mechanism of xenophagy and its membrane dynamics is still not clearly understood The vacuoles of engulfed bacteria are similar to the autophagosomes and their formation requires the...

Ngày tải lên: 22/12/2014, 19:57

... Meshgi, Mr Ly Duy Khiem, for their advice and their willingness to share their bright thoughts and the difficult time during field work It was great to work with them I gratefully thank my friend ... in the range of 𝑠 ∗ and 𝑠 𝑤 , the uptake is less than the demand but the plants still stay “healthy” Figure 1.2 shows the relationship between the amount of transpiration and the relative soil ... wetland, and green roof They function as various temporal storages of rainwater and then channel the water to the drainage system gradually Due to the detention and retention functions, they...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 08:18

... position of the particle d the center of mass distance between the peptide and the nanotube at instant simulation time d0 the initial center of mass distance between the peptide and the nanotube ... our understanding of the mechanisms of the interactions between CNTs and bio-materials, and hence promote the design of novel nano-devices These works will be thoroughly discussed in the following ... understand the mechanism of physical and chemical phenomenon Among the interactions between molecules, the ability to predict the strength of noncovalent binding between molecules has been a longstanding...

Ngày tải lên: 13/09/2015, 21:46

... Thus, the understanding of the interactions of TM atoms with nanotubes is very important On one hand, it is important to understand the growth mechanism of nanotubes and the roles played by the ... wrote The underlying physical laws necessary for the mathematical theory of a large part of the physics and the whole chemistry are thus completely known, and the difficulty is only that the exact ... dissociates at the surface of the catalyst particle The carbon is then transported to the edges of the particle and nanotubes are formed there To build a CNT-FET, the synthesized CNT now must be arranged...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 11:15

... work to provide the epidemiological data policy makers demand The importance of women’s stories of their lives and their health Notwithstanding the above, the voices of the women in the reports provide ... document, the women relay their stories about their lives in poverty In meetings, they discovered that poverty was a common factor between them They also shared the goal of communicating their experiences ... Stories About Their Lives and their Health The projects demonstrate the value and strength of participatory action research The voices of the women in the reports provide real evidence of the challenges...

Ngày tải lên: 13/02/2014, 00:20

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 11:20

... example between the whole TREE and the whole STRING (trivial), between the subtree 4(5(6),7) and the two occurrences of the substring "dog catcher" (nontrivial), etc We shall the same in the rest ... correspondence between a set of strings of terms on one hand and a set of trees on the other (by means of a linear sequence of sets of trees) The rule RN! describes a correspondence between a single term and ... in the formulation of the ideas presented here My gratitude also to Hans Karlgren and Eva Haji~ova for their remarks and criticisms on earlier versions of the paper [Zaharin 87] Zaharin Y "The...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 10:20

... ApoTf into the BIAcore channel to determine whether the ferric ions were required for the interaction between gastrins and ApoTf In the presence of EDTA, no interaction between ApoTf and either Gamide ... with the difference in the circulating concentrations of Gamide and transferrin In the present study, we explored further the interaction between Gamide and transferrin, and characterized the ... a ligand for the first ferric ion, and that Glu8 and Glu9 act as ligands for the second ferric ion, in the gastrin– ferric ion complex for both Ggly [12] and Gamide [13] To characterize the involvement...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 02:20

... provided to support the steric effect to explain the cobalt–carbon cleavage mechanism The binding energy for AdoCbl comes from interactions between proteins and the cofactor From the viewpoint of ... site [18,19] The correlation between the distortion of the adenosyl group and cleavage of the cobalt–carbon bond is still not clear Although the precise mechanism remains obscure, the results ... 50, 75 and 120 lm cofactor, and the Km and kcat for AdoCbi-GDP were determined in the presence of 20, 70, 100, 150 and 200 lm cofactor The reaction was initiated by adding l-glutamate and incubating...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 04:20

... its brand With these understandings in mind, the United States and its allies should take a number of steps that capitalize on the differences in interests between al-Qa’ida on the one hand and ... Because there is also a wedge between the way alQa’ida and many others in the Muslim world approach the issue of democracy, the United States and its allies should call attention to this, and contrast ... entailed furthering their aims In order to fulfill this mission, it trained fighters from these other groups and undertook propaganda efforts on behalf of their causes Beginning in the late 1990s,...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 07:20

... example, the words “Tool” and “Bar” are each nouns in their own right, but if you join them together, “Tool” modifies “bar” and they form a new word – “Toolbar” Similarly, the second and the third ... translate the meaning of the original in such as way that the TL wording will trigger the same impact on the TC audience as the original wording did upon the ST audience They argue that “Frequently, the ... for two cases: (a) If the purpose of the SL text is to affect and the TL translation is to inform or vice ; (b) If there is a pronounced cultural gap between the SL and the TL text Keller (1979:...

Ngày tải lên: 20/03/2014, 01:26

... that the interaction is phosphodependent and that the effect was caused by PPase masking the binding of the peptide to 14-3-3 More of the g and c 14-3-3 isoforms bound to both the phospho- and ... (Fig 4B), we therefore extended our analysis to the interactions between the yeast (S cerevisiae) CKI homologue (HRR25) and both mammalian 14-3-3 and yeast 14-3-3 homologues (BMH1 and BMH2) FEBS ... Interaction between CKIa and 14-3-3 S Clokie et al 14-3-3 g and c isoforms bind most tightly to both the phospho-peptide and the dephosphopeptide and have been identified both in vitro and in vivo...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 04:20

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 01:20

... government appreciates the use of Kiswahili as the medium of instruction at primary school level for enhancing understanding and mastery of knowledge and skills On the other hand, the government has ... skills In addition, the study was guided by a research hypothesis; “there is no significant relationship between the students’ overall academic performance and their abilities in the written English ... their essays The analysis of the students’ scripts indicated that 57% of the students were unable to relate subjects with verbs in their writing (Table 5) On the other hand, 27% of the students...

Ngày tải lên: 02/04/2014, 05:21

... processing, carried out the analysis, drafted the manuscript and the interpreted the findings SR made a major contribution to the conception of the study, the design, data collection and interpretation ... consistency emerges between the SEM and logistic regression models when nurses were asked to look ahead to the 3-year time-point The association between SF1 and intentions at years for the 6-month data ... development and education have become more important and pay less so The findings for the SEM and logistic regression models were generally supportive of each other There may be a connection here with the...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 17:20