... reaction steps, not for theinteractionof macromolecules in solution Furthermore, the magnitude (but not the sign) ofthe thermodynamic parameters of activation measured with the same experimental ... betweenthe thermodynamics ofthe NaCl and MgCl2 dependencies Figure 5A–C shows DHà and –TDSà at 298 K plotted against the square root of ionic strength (using MgCl2) for wild-type, K53A and R93E The ... charge (D44A) The plastocyanin -interaction sites of Cyt f and photosystem I therefore appear to have a difference in charge of These conclusions can be drawn from the shape ofthe data curve...
... for the balance in humidity that will always exist betweenthe humidity ofthe air separating individual sheets of paper in a stack andthe humidity ofthe paper itself Humidity balance, then, ... in the internal structure ofthe paper and blistering in the printed areas (see figures) binding agents and coating pigments used, the amount of binding agents contained in the paper andthe ... thickness and high temperatures in the drying oven Thick layers of ink reduce the air (or vapour) permeability ofthe paper surface and high temperatures increase the amount – andthe pressure – of...
... at the point of receptor-ligand binding, upstream of Ras, upstream of Raf, and at the level of or downstream of Raf (Guy et al., 2003; Kim and Bar-sagi, 2004) The study conducted by Casci and ... necessitating the assistance of GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) such as RasGAP The relative amounts ofthe two states of Ras, and hence its activity, depends on the balance between GEFs and GAPs There ... the mechanism of action by Spry2 121 3.3.7 Increasing levels of PKD1 enhances theinteractionbetween PKCδ and Spry2 122 3.3.8 Verification that PKD1 increases theinteractionbetween Spry2 and...
... adolescents and to examine whether this is independent ofthe presence of psychiatric morbidity assessed by means of a detailed structured interview Methods Description ofthe data set and design ofthe ... at the time ofthe design ofthe study Schools were selected according to the following rules: a) all senior high schools ofthe major cities in the North-Western Part of Greece (Regions of Epirus ... Epirus and Aetoloakarnania) due to the proximity with the University of Ioannina, b) all senior high schools in one randomly selected district ofthe Athens Greater Area (the district of Kallithea...
... orbital ofthe SH bond This transfer is facilitated by the overlap ofthe N lone pair with the lobe Figure Optimized geometries of various minima on the potential energy surface oftheofthe s* ... number of different noncovalent interactions, but the E(2) values of all of them are only around 0.52 kcal mol1 The comparison ofthe complexes of NMA with CH3SH and CH3SCH3 indicates that the loss ... for the binding of 4.40 kcal mol1 ofthe next minimum i The next minimum j repeats some ofthe prior interactions, including the donation from both the CO p and p* orbitals into s*(SS) A new interaction...
... but further enhances the activity ofthe enzyme whose C-terminus has been displaced by low pH or by FC-induced binding of 14-3-3s Results The C-terminus of isoform ofthe PM H+-ATPase of A thaliana ... to study the mechanism of action of PPI1 The analysis ofthe pH dependence of PPI1induced activation ofthe H+-ATPase showed that stimulation decreases dramatically with the increase of pH above ... XL10 andthe frame andthe identity ofthe cloned fragment verified by sequencing The construct with the N-terminal portion of PPI1 has been previously described [22] The DNA fragment coding for the...
... ApoTf into the BIAcore channel to determine whether the ferric ions were required for theinteractionbetween gastrins and ApoTf In the presence of EDTA, no interactionbetween ApoTf and either Gamide ... intercept of 101% (C) Theinteractionbetween Ggly and ApoTf that only binds iron in the N-lobe (Mono N) The line of best fit was drawn with an IC50 of 96 ± lM and an intercept of 115% (D) Theinteraction ... with the difference in the circulating concentrations of Gamide and transferrin In the present study, we explored further theinteractionbetween Gamide and transferrin, and characterized the interaction...
... of ISP andthe extramembranous cd2 helix of cytochrome b are important for maintaining the structure ofthe hinge region and, by consequence, the movement ofthe headgroup andthe integrity of ... activity ofthe complex The mutation could also affect the binding ofthe ISP to the bc1 complex and distort the Qo site Our data showed that, in the mutant, the bc1 activity was severely decreased The ... that the increased rigidity ofthe hinge region increased the activation energy, and that the movement ofthe ISP would become the rate-limiting step ofthe Qo site reaction [14] In yeast, the...
... 3A) and ATP (Fig 3B) in the absence and presence of curcumin, using the coupled enzyme assay In Fig 3A, the half-maximal activation ofthe ATPase by Ca2þ was measured in the absence ofand in the ... sites and ligands, respectively, and [EL] is the concentration of bound ligand The total concentration of sites can be expressed as N[E]0, the product of total protein concentration ([E]0) andthe ... side ofthe membrane While in the E2 form the Ca2þ binding sites have translocated across the membrane to the luminal side and are of low affinity Furthermore, in the E1 conformational state, the...
... Number Fig NMR spectroscopy oftheinteractionof PSBD and E3int Plots ofthe (A) 15N and (B) 1HN chemical shift changes betweenthe [15N,1H]-HSQC spectra of free PSBD andthe PSBD–E3int dimer (10 ... differences betweenthe crystal structure andthe new NMR structure are probably due to the relatively low number of NOEs observed between Lys154 and Asn155 in the loop L2 The site ofinteractionbetween ... complex of E coli [12] andofthe dihydroacetyltransferase chain ofthe PDH complex of B stearothermophilus [13] The domain consists of two a-helices comprising residues Ser134 to Lys142 (helix I) and...
... (Life The ligand-dependent interactionbetween AR NTD and AR LBD, N/C interaction, was studied in yeast and mammalian in vivo protein interaction systems, and in Ó FEBS 2002 Interactionbetween androgen ... of three independent experiments Fold induction is shown to the right of each bar and represents the ratio of activities determined in the presence and absence of R1881 (C) Western analysis of ... Alanine substitutions of Q24 and N25 stimulate AR N/C interaction (A) Interactionof GalAD-AR.NTDwt and mutants with GalDBD-AR.LBD in the presence of lM DHT in the yeast protein interaction system...
... capacity and also modulating the catalytic properties ofthe enzyme [19] To extend the information about the role ofthe noncatalytic SBD regions and their effect on the C-terminal CD, we further ... involved in theinteraction with CD, and that this interaction enhances the catalytic activity ofthe enzyme Our results show that theinteractionbetween SBDs and CD, as well as the full starch-binding ... showing a lack ofinteraction for the individual SBDs and also in the absence ofthe D(316–344) and D(495–535) regions ofthe D2 and D3 domains, respectively Kinetic parameters of co-purified recombinant...
... contacts betweenthe backbone carbonyl oxygen ofthe Tyr1 ˚ group and Oe2Glu229 (TMH V, 3.22 A) and OThr220 ˚ , andthe last bidentate hydrogen bond of 3.30 A betweenthe Oe1 and Oe2Glu310 (EL-3) and ... located at the entrance ofthe binding pocket, in a flexible loop structure, and therefore they are available for interaction with the ligands The two main orientations ofthe peptides were then refined ... Cys and His) located on the surface ofthe binding site, and this polarization effect can be obtained by using the QM description ofthe ligand Looking at the electronic structure ofthe ligands...
... motif at the tip of a loop protruding away from the core ofthe protein This amino-acid motif mimics RGD in terms of charge and is positioned at the tip of a loop and is therefore reminiscent of RGD ... illustrated by the superimposition ofthe 3D structures of kistrin [32] and cardosin A (Fig 8) The importance of both motifs and in particular their basic residues was further emphasized by the complete ... by the complete lack ofinteractionbetweenthe C2 domain andthe double mutated (AGD ⁄ AGE) cardosin A The docking model shown in Fig further highlights the role of RGD and KGE in complex formation...
... HSQC and NOESY spectra of MNK5 with and without the poly(His) tag shows that there is no detectable interactionbetweenthe tag andthe remainder ofthe protein and that the solution structure of ... et al Interactionbetween HAH1 and ATP7A Interactionbetween MNK5 and HAH1 Fig Comparison ofthe solution structures of apo–MNK5 (left) and copper(I)–MNK5 (right) The side chains of Cys14 and Cys17 ... theinteractionbetween HAH1 and two different soluble domains of ATP7A: the second (MNK2 hereafter) andthe fifth (MNK5 hereafter) The solution structure of both the apo- and copper(I)-form of...
... where , sp , and n are the standard deviation ofthe R R R percentage change of an exchange rate, the average spread, andthe number of quotations within the tth halfhour interval, andthe system ... (1990) and Laux and Ng (1991) support the second The second relationship also supports the model of Brock and Kleidon (1990) where the link between variations in demand andthe variability of prices ... here Although, high tradingand volatility at the opening of markets can be explained along the lines ofthe Admati and Pfleiderer (1988) theory, the different behaviour ofthe two currencies in...
... 154 C Hoff and S Rambal fall and leaf quantity [33, 43] Important then are the timing of rainfall and drought events, the quantity of rainfall, the storage capacity ofthe soil and quantity and ... assimilation Thus, there is a trade-off between water loss and carbon assimilation at the scale ofthe leaf [9, 10] At the ecosystem scale, there should also a tradeoff or balance between LAI’s role ... ofthe retention properties ofthe soil andofthe rooting depth ofthe vegetation The range of LAI obtained with varying water availability is in agreement with data of Damesin et al [12] Our...
... the process of RPI [27], but they could not completely explain its pathogenesis The important roles of macrophages at different stages of RPI andthe interactions between macrophages and chemokines ... placed on top ofthe wells MF suspensions (200 μL) were placed on the top of wells andthe chamber was incubated at 37ºC for 120 The filters were removed and nonmigrating cells (facing the top wells) ... classically and alternatively activated models of MF induced by different stimuli (LPS, IL-4 and IL-13), theinteractionbetween MIP-1a and different activated MF was studied in vitro to investigate the...
... PARP10 To verify the screening result of yeast two-hybrid system, we identified the in vivo and in vitro interactionbetween NS1 and PARP10 First, we verified the presence oftheinteraction with ... transcriptional profiling in influenza A virus-infected lung epithelial cells: The role ofthe nonstructural NS1 protein in the evasion ofthe host innate defense and its potential contribution to pandemic ... wide andfundamental biological functions, and may play certain role in some basic pathways Therefore, theinteractionbetween NS1 and PARP10 may involve some basic biological functions of cells,...