the evolution of senescence and death

... and Ardipithecus ramidus Given the fragmentary state of these remains, and the difficulties inherent in their comparison, there is much discussion as to the validity of their hominid status The ... operation, there is no way of determining which level of analysis is the most relevant to the study of the neural correlates of aesthetic preference Additionally, the evolutionary emergence of such ... that there is greater space filled by axons and dendrites This picture of a mosaic of primitive and derived aspects of the organization of the human orbitofrontal cortex was also the result of...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 17:20

... M1 and M2 in the N-domain, and motifs M3 and M4 in the C-domain In both the c-monomer and the b subunit, the four motifs and the two domains are organized symmetrically, with local intermotif and ... research groups in their investigations on the structural determinants and the evolution of the b-type and c-type crystallins [7,25,44–51] The burying of the hydrophobic patches at the interdomain ... suggested by the interdomain hydrophobic interactions observed between the C-terminal extensions of the b-C-domain and the surface of the N-domain from the partner subunit [20], and by the peculiar...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 04:21

... behalf of the UN The Council also has a role, with the General Assembly, in the admission of new members to the UN, the appointment of the Secretary-General, and the election of judges to the International ... after the diYculties and failures of international action in Somalia, the former Yugoslavia, and Rwanda.20 Despite the setbacks of the 1990s, the view of the UN Security Council as the core of a ... peace and security, and to that end: to take eVective collective measures for the prevention and removal of threats to the peace, and for the suppression of acts of aggression or other breaches of...

Ngày tải lên: 11/06/2014, 09:44

... pointed to the significant association of acute GU toxicity and the percentage of the urinary bladder receiving 50 Gy, and the association of late GU toxicity with the percentage of the urinary ... excellent cooperation and valuable comments The work was supported by the Grant agency of the Charles University, GAUK 109908/ 2008 and the Grant agency of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, ... 14 of RT, and 15-20 days post-radiotherapy Negative correlation throughout the RT was detected between the NKT cell and T lymphocyte proportion and the volume of the rectum receiving lower and...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 09:20

... important to note that the fate and the final number of copies of each bystander gene can be, and often is, different from that of the target gene, and that the fates of different bystander genes in ... for one part of the HCNE array to break off from one copy of the GRB, as long as the equivalent part of the array is still in cis to the other copy of the target gene (for an example and detailed ... WGD and subsequent processes on the structure of GRBs: correct estimation of the extent of the GRB and distinguishing between the target gene(s) and the bystander genes in a GRB With regard to the...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 20:20

... which encodes the first two structural motifs, and hence the N-terminal domain of the protein, just as in the genes for cS and cA–F However, the second half of the gene has the structure of a b-crystallin ... mammalian evolution These changes illustrate the way in which gene families may expand, contract and adapt They may also help us understand the functions of the c-crystallin family in vision and elsewhere ... encoding the two motifs of the C-terminal domain The crygn gene is thus a hybrid of b and c crystallin gene structures, apparently an intermediate in the evolution of the c-crystallins from the b-crystallins...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 17:20

... consequence of the physical laws of our universe and the subatomic structure of the oxygen atom As we shall see in Chap 2, the existence of oxygen atoms is in turn a necessary result of the evolution of ... Thus, the higher the pH value, the lower the proton concentration and therefore the degree of dissociation of water This behavior of water depends strongly on the temperature, the higher the temperature ... the nucleus The number of protons in a nucleus gives its atomic number and its positive charge Add the number of neutrons and you have the atomic mass The nucleus of the most common isotope of...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 10:20

... indeed the ancestral host of Achryso- chroides Regarding the effect of taxa sampling on the reconstruction of reproductive strategies, although the biology of most species in other parts of the ... size and sex ratio The mapping indicates several changes in reproductive strategy with apparently parallel evolution of the unusual split sex broods (and of mixed sex broods) in the latreillii and ... trees of the order Fagales (oaks, birch, alder, etc.) and colonized plants of the order Fabales, Rosales and Sapindales once each (Fig 4) Mapping of plant growth form indicates that the ancestor of...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 16:20

... the comments and suggestions of the participants of the workshop ‘Economic Theory and the Practice of Consumption: Evolutionary and other Approaches’, organised by the University of Cassino and ... analysing the shape of the growth pattern of the quantity of cinema consumed and expenditure on cinema The time of the take-off will be estimated quantitatively (and its timing compared with the qualitative ... exact date to the emergence of the idea, or concept of cinema, but the first projection of moving images dates from the 1850s, and the first patents on the viewing and projection of motion pictures...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 17:20

Ngày tải lên: 18/03/2014, 20:20

... excluded that it was the c1 subunit but likely, as the c ring is rather stable, and the use of Triton X100 should not lead to removal of c1 only The basic biochemical properties of the complete enzyme ... present Further discussion of the coupling efficiencies has to await the determination of the rotor subunit stoichiometry In summary, we have solved a longstanding problem, the purification of the Na+ ... membrane-embedded motor This is the starting point for a detailed analysis of the stucture and function of the rotor of the Na+ F1F0-ATP synthase from A woodii, the first containing V0- and F0-like c subunits...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 09:20

... in nature These are often called white, brown, and pink noise, and all are defined by the relation between the frequency and power (proportional to the square of the amplitude) of their components ... videos, and most of what is called art film—is designed to suppress awareness of the presentational aspects of the film while promoting the narrative The units of film are the act, the sequence, the ... near the film’s end was analyzed as Shot The autocorrelation of the length of a Shot with itself (Lag 0) is always 1.0; autocorrelations of the length of Shot with the lengths of Shots (Lag 1) and...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 12:20

... tF > tS, and if CFn are the net cash flows of the investment of new entrants, then the expected market value of new entrants will equal the sum of discounted value of the investment and the net ... abandoned wholesale regulation (the case of the USA) and some others have shifted from light-handed regulation to heavy-handed regulation with mandatory unbundling of the local loop (the case of ... aspects of the ladder of investment theory and also refers to papers presenting empirically based analyses of the tenability of the theory Moreover, the chapter introduces the issue of intermodal...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 02:20

... exchanges The regression of the sea from the Greek mainland and the Aegean landmass at the end of the Burdigalian prevented marine connections with the Paratethys in the area of the Dardanelles The ... ecosystems, the shallow marine realm and the deep sea A Wrst set of contributions dealt with the palaeogeographic evolution of the Tethys area and the eVects of changes in the extent of the Tethys ... climates and the application of climate modelling, the reconstruction of past geographical events, and the eVects they had on European environments and the plants and animals living in them Together,...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 17:20

... constituent of category S, then return Success, else return Fail The Match and Apply operation: if a binary rule schema matches the categories of the top cells of the Stack, then they are popped from the ... value by Push the sum of the WML values of each Stack cell onto the WML-record When the parser halts, return the sum of the WMLrecord gives the total WML for a derivation Figure 6: The WML Algorithm ... compatible The relative fitness of a LAgt is a function of the proportion of its linguistic interactions which have been successful, the expressivity of the language(s) spoken, and, optionally, of the...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 21:20

... 237 The Roles of the System Administrator The System Administrator and the Root Account Using the su command Using the sudo command Administering and Setting ... Motorola 68000 processor Therefore, any software must be complied (converted into the Understanding the role of the operating system Understanding the history of Linux Considering the story behind Open ... 1991, he had most of the software pieces of the GNU operating system complete with the exception of the kernel In 1990, he started working on the kernel and named it HURD (Hird of UNIX-Replacing...

Ngày tải lên: 01/06/2014, 00:39

... Aging, Senescence, and Lifespan, T h e Nature of Cellular Senescence and Death, T h e Evolution of Senescence and Death, 21 41 Of Embryos and Worms and Very Old Men: T h e Developmental Genetics of ... year of life in the case of humans, for example the probability of death in the n+1 time increment is demonstrably greater then the probability of death in the nth increment; the probability of death ... Reznick, and Joan Valentine, among others The length of human life, according to the Greeks, was in the hands of the Fates, or Moerae These three sisters, daughters of the Goddess of the Night,...

Ngày tải lên: 11/06/2014, 05:26

... Black, MBE, is professor of history at the University of Exeter and one of the world’s leading military historians He is editor of the journal Archives and a member of the Councils of the Royal Historical ... War, and Peace,” presented the lessons of the war and the conditions of the peace and dealt extensively with the League of Nations All in all, although the authors underlined the importance of ... but the world after the Great War The introductory chapter discussed the problems of the postwar world, the responsibilities of the great powers, and the prospects for peace and war Each of the...

Ngày tải lên: 11/06/2014, 10:28

... points around the mean (the area beneath the bell on either side of the mean) The mean and scatter, in terms of the standard deviation of the mean, provided a basis for describing and comparing ... hypothesis using the technique now known as meta-analysis Together they gleaned data from published records of the peerage, the landed gentry These data covered the ages of fathers and sons at death ... making their living in different ways The conjunction of the surviving number of organisms in a cohort (along the Y axis) and the period of time (along the X axis) until the last member of the cohort...

Ngày tải lên: 11/06/2014, 12:57

... tF > tS, and if CFn are the net cash flows of the investment of new entrants, then the expected market value of new entrants will equal the sum of discounted value of the investment and the net ... abandoned wholesale regulation (the case of the USA) and some others have shifted from light-handed regulation to heavy-handed regulation with mandatory unbundling of the local loop (the case of ... aspects of the ladder of investment theory and also refers to papers presenting empirically based analyses of the tenability of the theory Moreover, the chapter introduces the issue of intermodal...

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 21:20