the evolution of complex societies in china

... because of the alternative costs of verifying “each sack of purchased flour” and of employing “persons in devising methods of detecting the new modes of adulteration which might be continually ... on the investment of acquiring new customers There might also be benefits from the change in the long-term behaviour (e.g increased loyalty) of existing customers The problem of asymmetric information ... be shrinking over time (due to the increasing cost of time and memory in the mt The household production function) Thus there is a tendency that nt rest of the quality characteristics of the product...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 10:20

... background 2.1 The monetary policy framework in China According to the Law on the People’s Bank of China, the aim of monetary policies shall be to maintain the stability of the currency and thereby ... determined by the lending-rate floor, which is designed to keep the interest-rate margin of banks sufficiently wide to maintain the aggregate profitability of the banking system Whether the lending-rate ... binding and the lending-rate floor is not binding (no credit quota),raising the deposit-rate ceiling increases the market interest rate in the wholesale capital market, and changing the lending-rate...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 13:20

... occurrence of gout The dramatic increase in gout in China probably reflects the rapid westernization and urbanization of the society Finally, the absence of fibromyalgia in China could be explained ... exceedingly low prevalence of fibromyalgia in China In addition, given the import of genetic variations in explaining racial and ethnic differences in chronic pain [8,9], an assessment of the prevalence ... less common in China than in the western world, might provide important insights into what causes these diseases Competing interests The author declares that they have no competing interests Acknowledgement...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 10:22

... in saline at 37°C, washed × in saline and × in RPMI1640 containing 100 µg/ml penicillin and 100 U/ml streptomycin Worms were incubated with 10% gentamicin for 20 and then washed a further × in ... taxa to the Strongylida are members of the Rhabditina, including C elegans, and both are grouped in Clade V of the Nematoda, on the basis of small subunit rRNA sequence analysis [48] The set of 742 ... [58] In the case of the globins, conversion to the secretory pathway (as well as gene multiplication) may be interpreted as a physiological adaptation to the environment within the Similar findings...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 20:20

... test single interventions, such as the benefits of a drug compared to placebo and although the principles underlying the testing of a more complex intervention are the same, particular theoretical ... implement the protocol Blinding Blinding should be possible Blinding of the intervention is likely to be difficult or impossible, and may not be desirable if the intention is to determine the best ... where the tidal volume is determined by the treating clinician would resolve this concern This allows those performing the study and clinicians reading the results to determine whether the new intervention...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 08:21

... work is one of generalizeablity, since the patient population consisted of young, otherwise healthy men suffering primarily penetrating injuries from combat trauma Whether these findings translate ... the emergency department with a systolic blood pressure of 70 mmHg had already lost 67% of their blood volume [6] Preventing the development of profound and often refractory coagulopathy in these ... after the institution of an early goal directed therapy protocol calling for a 1:1 ratio of plasma to RBCs within the first hours of injury [10] Sperry and colleagues retrospectively examined...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 11:22

... overlapping DNA binding specificities, then a single site can evolve to bind both TFs As the evolution of these sites relies on the functional similarity of the paralogs, it is debatable whether these ... could be underestimating the rate of HGT for these genes As in the case of crp, these global regulators often have conserved context, so insertion of a xenolog and loss of the original gene appears ... duplications within the E coli lineage For the duplicated TFs, we examined whether they regulate the same genes as their duplicates For the HGT regulators, we examined whether they were co-transferred...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 08:20

... Selenoproteins are found in a variety of phyla within all three lines of descent of life The number of genomes encoding selenoproteins is indicated (‘selenogenomes’) together with the total number of ... domain within the elongation factor In eukaryotes, the SECIS element is in the 3’ untranslated region of the gene and the SECIS-binding protein is encoded by a separate gene (SBP2, reviewed in ... 88% of the selenoprotein genes falling into one of three families SelW-like, peroxiredoxin or proline reductase The remaining 12% of genes were spread over 22 families cannot be cultured in the...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 14:21

... were injected into the of the big The Bank of China and China Construction Bank each received $22.5 bn in 2003; $15 bn went to the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China in 2005 For more detail ... Fitch’s International Bank Database Some are collected from the various editions of the Almanac of China s Finance and Banking, China Statistical Yearbook, and the websites of the sample banks The ... business to some degree This finding may be indicative of some success of the recent reform aimed at improving rural financial services by creating new types of financial institutions in the...

Ngày tải lên: 30/10/2014, 09:14

... REVIEW The Development of Auditing Profession in China Shortly after the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, the auditing profession in China disappeared entirely due to the public ... expropriation of minority shareholders’ interests thereafter As a result, the auditing profession and the stock market may be able to develop smoothly in China In line with the continuing progress of the ... THE DETERMINANTS OF AUDITOR SWITCHING FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE IN CHINA costs of raising capital and hiring a low-quality auditor to maintain the gains from the opaqueness...

Ngày tải lên: 06/01/2015, 19:43

... the purpose of “opinion shopping” in order to mitigate the negative impact of the unclean audit report on the firm's stock price in the market, and on the self-interests of the management or the ... act in the best interest of the owners One of the binding mechanisms is the auditing function performed by independent professionals over the operations and information disclosures provided by the ... auditing firms according to the ranking of Chinese auditors The largest controlling owners, on average, held 48.94% of the total shares of the sample firms, indicating high ownership concentration in...

Ngày tải lên: 06/01/2015, 19:43

... as the starting point for counting the time limit? Or as long as the applicant does not withdraw the application, the starting point will be the beginning of the promulgation of the law? If the ... Bulletin in Hong Kong in 1994 which is devoted to monitoring and defending the workers’ rights in China. 70 Such organisation is impossible to exist in the mainland since Han participated in the ... organisations in order to encourage the establishment of such organisations.60 Establishing Party Office As required by the Charter of the Chinese Communist Party, all kinds of social institutions in China...

Ngày tải lên: 13/10/2015, 16:50

... innovation in the first variable in the system in uences the other variables in sequence The innovations in the other variables cause the changes in all those below them in order and in none of ... mainly consisting of Commercial and Industry Bank of China, Bank of China, and Agricultural Bank of China and Construction Bank of China Non-state banks loans: loans from private banks, holding ... choose the indicators of China' s monetary policy in a VAR approach because the accuracy of the estimates of the effects of monetary policy depends crucially on the validity of the measure of monetary...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2016, 20:56

... the emergence of the Q151M MDR complex [13,15] The Q151M complex has been identified in up to 19% of patients failing therapy containing stavudine (d4T) as part of ART rollout in the developing ... to dissect the intrapatient viral population dynamics in the context of full-length RT Results We investigated the emergence of the Q151M MDR complex in one of the two patients in the CHAP2 cohort ... raises the possibility of suboptimal use of the drugs contributing to the emergence of the Q151M MDR complex Conclusions Understanding the evolution and molecular mechanisms leading to the emergence...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 01:20

... 唐宋吉礼变迁研究 THE EVOLUTION OF THE PROPITIOUS RITUALS IN TANG AND SONG CHINA 朱 溢 ZHU YI 新加坡国立大学中文系 博士论文 A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF CHINESE STUDIES ... o u r a g e m e n t and advices In addition of the libraries in Japan, I made full use of the NUS Libraries and the Library of Center for Research on Ancient Chinese H i s t o r y a t P e k i ... t h e Su b u r b a n R i t u a l s , which were the most significant rituals in imperial China, since the Southern Suburban Rituals and the Northern Suburban Rituals are o f t e n s t u d i e...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 08:43

... relies on the securities booking system of the CGSDTC and the bond trading system of the inter-bank lending centre The trading system of the national inter-bank lending centre provides pricing information, ... China Statistics Yearbook, China Financial Yearbook and People’s Bank of China Statistics Quarterly bulletin B Development of direct financing and indirect financing markets providing financing ... source of financing for enterprises, if their own capital is excluded In summary, the deepening process of the financial markets has rendered the dominance of the banking sector in the financial...

Ngày tải lên: 18/10/2013, 07:15

... threats in training, not only in air but also in space and cyber operations • extending integrated air warfare training to the surface and subsurface Navy • enlisting the real-time involvement of ... commander of the Navy’s Second Fleet, such integration “is now a part of the culture” of U.S combat aircrews, regardless of whether the wings they wear on their uniforms are made of silver or gold.3 In ... blending Marine F/A-18A and C squadrons into Navy carrier air wings as a matter of standard practice.6 Finally, in the realm of doctrine, there was an emergent Navy acceptance of the value of strategic...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 23:20

... of the c ring, respectively The C-terminal helices show a clear handedness, and two of the rings face in the opposite direction in the membrane to the other two, forming the same pattern as in ... ion-binding site Therefore, the c ring of A woodii has only 10 membrane-buried negative charges that are essential for binding the ion and also for the rotational mechanism of the ring The c ring ... in the AFM surface representation of Fig 2A By comparison with the 3D structure of the I tartaricus c ring [24], the black rings represent the view from the cytoplasm (open rings in AFM) and the...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 17:20

... encoding the two motifs of the C-terminal domain The crygn gene is thus a hybrid of b and c crystallin gene structures, apparently an intermediate in the evolution of the c-crystallins from the ... part of a suite of molecular adaptations in the eye in the human lineage In addition to the evolution of cN and cS crystallins, even more specialization in the c-crystallins has occurred with the ... encodes the first two structural motifs, and hence the N-terminal domain of the protein, just as in the genes for cS and cA–F However, the second half of the gene has the structure of a b-crystallin...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 17:20

... properties of the document containing the sentence and properties of the sentence itself Regarding the former type, two features come into play: the relevance score of the document (from the IR engine) ... evaluating answers to definition questions In HLT/EMNLP 2005 J Lin and D Demner-Fushman 2006a The role of knowledge in conceptual retrieval: A study in the domain of clinical medicine In SIGIR ... task within the TREC QA track exploring complex questions within an interactive setting Furthermore, we note the convergence of the QA and summarization communities, as demonstrated by the shift...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 02:21