... to make recordings ofthe output signalofthe device under test and the reference signal (input signal) at the entrance ofthe ear ofthe subjects and use these signals in the perceptual evaluation ... difference between the density functions ofthe input and the output therefore does not represent the loudness ofthe noise but the compressed loudness ofthe noise The relationship between the objective ... the long window type The right half has the value one for 1/3 ofthe length and the shape ofthe right half of a short window for 1/3 ofthe length The remaining 1/3 ofthe window is zero Thus,...
... Initial value theorem x(0) limsAr(s) b Final value theorem x(oo) lim sX(s) s-*0 " Re[w] - c lies to the right ofthe poles of X} (w) and to the left ofthe poles of X2(s — w) h The poles of sX(s) ... terms ofthe series give a fairly accurate approximation to the waveform A disadvantage is the overshoot, or Gibbs phenomenon, at the points of discontinuity ofthe waveform Further discussion of ... frequencies of and Hz There is no chance of mistaking one of these analog waveforms for the other However, when they are sampled every ^ s, the situation changes dramatically because the cosine...
... “Applications ofDigitalSignalProcessing being published by InTech The field ofdigitalsignalprocessing is at the heart of communications, biomedicine, defense applications, and so on The field ... in the middle ofthe link, an optical phase conjugator inverts the frequency spectrum and phase ofthe distorted signals caused by chromatic dispersion As the signals propagate to the end ofthe ... combination of methods are presented A multi-tone NBI (an interfering signal composed of five sine-waves) is added to the OFDM signal One ofthe NBI tones is 10 dB stronger than the others The NBI...
... “Applications ofDigitalSignalProcessing being published by InTech The field ofdigitalsignalprocessing is at the heart of communications, biomedicine, defense applications, and so on The field ... in the middle ofthe link, an optical phase conjugator inverts the frequency spectrum and phase ofthe distorted signals caused by chromatic dispersion As the signals propagate to the end ofthe ... combination of methods are presented A multi-tone NBI (an interfering signal composed of five sine-waves) is added to the OFDM signal One ofthe NBI tones is 10 dB stronger than the others The NBI...
... 570 The Family of Fourier Transforms 575 Why the Complex Fourier Transform is Used 577 Chapter 32 The Laplace Transform 581 The Nature ofthe s-Domain 581 Strategy ofthe Laplace ... by another factor of one-thousand in the next 15 years This tremendous power has changed the way science and engineering is done, and there is no better example of this than DigitalSignalProcessing ... 588 Analysis of Electric Circuits 592 The Importance of Poles and Zeros 597 Filter Design in the s-Domain 600 Chapter 33 The z-Transform 605 The Nature ofthe z-Domain...
... coefficients ofthe FIR filter This equation describes the output ofthe FIR filter as a convolution sum ofthe input with the impulse response ofthe system The transfer function ofthe FIR filter ... steady-state response ofthe filter Therefore they are called the steady-state specifications The speed ofthe response concerns the rate at which the filter reaches the steady-state response The transient ... and the overshoot shows if the output exceeds the desired output value The rise time, the settling time, and the overshoot specify the transient response ofthe filter in the time domain A digital...
... Scaling the magnitude response ofthedigital filter to approximate magnitude response ofthe analog filter requires the multiplication of H(z) by T The transfer function ofthe impulse-invariant digital ... 6:1:9 The roots of N(s) are the zeros ofthe transfer function H(s), while the roots of D(s) are the poles Example 6.2: The input signal x t eÀ2t u t is applied to an LTI system, and the output ... with the parameters The variation of any parameter in the direct-form realization will affect all the poles of H(z) Therefore the pole sensitivity of a parallel realization is less than that of the...
... “opcode” ofthe instruction The opcode is the unique identifier ofthe instruction The next four bits, 1000, are the shift ofthe operand Then there is one bit (zero in this case) to signal that the ... simplified form the key features ofthe TMS320C25 The major parts ofthe DSP processor are the memory, the Central Processing Unit (CPU), the ports, and the peripherals Each of these parts will be examined ... ALU ofthe TMS320C30 The heart ofthe TMS320C30 is the CPU consisting, primarily, ofthe multiplier and the ALU The CPU configuration is shown in Fig 77.16 which depicts the multiplier and the...
... in parentheses This first line distinguishes the function file from a script file The name ofthe function should match the name ofthe M-file If there is a conflict, it is the name ofthe M-file ... time-invariant system Let x(n) be the input sequence and y(n) be the output sequence ofthe system If h(n) is the impulse response ofthe system, the output signalofthe system can be expressed as ... will read the data from the ASCII file with the name xn.dat in the disk into an array with the name xn To load the file xn.bin stored in the binary format into the array xn, we have to use the following...
... where the value to the right ofthe equal sign is assigned to the variable on the left The general form ofthe assignment statement is identifier expression; 473 A SIMPLE C PROGRAM where the ... and then the new value is used to evaluate the rest ofthe expression If the increment or decrement operator is in a postfix position, the old value ofthe identifier is used to evaluate the ... to specify the types of numbers that will be contained in variables There are several types of data used depending on the format in which the numbers are stored and the accuracy ofthe data In...
... input signalThe resulting digital representation ofthe captured signal is then processed by a digitalsignal processor such as the C6x and then output through a digital- to-analog converter ... modems, and other devices These devices have also found their way into the university classroom, where they provide an economical way to introduce real-time digitalsignalprocessing (DSP) to the student ... C6x notation is used to designate a member of Texas Instruments’ (TI) TMS320C6000 family ofdigitalsignal processors The architecture ofthe C6x digitalsignal processor is very well suited for...
... defined, the sum of all ofthe values in the histogram must be equal to the number of points in the signal: EQUATION 2-5 The sum of all ofthe values in the histogram is equal to the number of points ... determined by: (a) the sum ofthe values in the histogram being equal to the number of samples in the signal; (b) the sum ofthe values in the pmf being equal to one, and (c) the area under the pdf curve ... acquire a signalof N samples from the process, and calculate the mean ofthesignal via Eq 2.1 You can then use this as an estimate ofthe mean ofthe underlying process; however, you know there...
... observed that the two signals are displayed with the same label since the source of these signals, that is, the Sine terminal ofthe Simulate Signal Express VI, is the same Also, due to the autoscale ... Wire the generated waveform out ofthesignal out terminal ofthe Basic Function Generator VI to the x terminal ofthe Multiply function Also, wire the Gain control to the y terminal ofthe Multiply ... from the shortcut menu 36 Getting Familiar with LabVIEW: Part II The completed FP is shown in Figure 2-38 With this version ofthe VI, the frequency ofthe input signal and the gain ofthe output...
... defined, the sum of all ofthe values in the histogram must be equal to the number of points in the signal: EQUATION 2-5 The sum of all ofthe values in the histogram is equal to the number of points ... determined by: (a) the sum ofthe values in the histogram being equal to the number of samples in the signal; (b) the sum ofthe values in the pmf being equal to one, and (c) the area under the pdf curve ... acquire a signalof N samples from the process, and calculate the mean ofthesignal via Eq 2.1 You can then use this as an estimate ofthe mean ofthe underlying process; however, you know there...
... address ST, for the status ofthe CPU SP, the system stack pointer that contains the address ofthe top ofthe stack BK, to specify the block size of a circular buffer IE, IF, and IOF, for interrupt ... ASM ASM ASM ASM ASM ASM C C C C C CMD OUT OUT OUT OUT DAT DAT BAT BAS BAS COF COF COF COF COF COF COF COF COF COF COF 2383 2385 2147 3550 2016 16714 2233 1106 1509 713 1376 1091 3018 3113 3040 ... with the C62, was also announced in 1997; it is another member ofthe C6x family based on the VLIW architecture The TMS320C31 (C31), a general-purpose digitalsignal processor, is a member of the...
... input signalThe resulting digital representation ofthe captured signal is then processed by a digitalsignal processor such as the C6x and then output through a digital- to-analog converter ... modems, and other devices These devices have also found their way into the university classroom, where they provide an economical way to introduce real-time digitalsignalprocessing (DSP) to the student ... C6x notation is used to designate a member of Texas Instruments’ (TI) TMS320C6000 family ofdigitalsignal processors The architecture ofthe C6x digitalsignal processor is very well suited for...
... some other part(s) ofthe spectrum of a signalThe vast literature on filters consists of two parts: (1) the theory of approximation to derive the transfer function ofthe filter such that the magnitude, ... of information technology Most of this technology is based on the theory ofdigitalsignalprocessing (DSP) and implementation ofthe theory by devices embedded in what are known as digitalsignal ... sampled data signals by these filters and thesignalprocessing was treated as analog signalprocessing But later, the signals were transitioned as discrete-time signals, and the theory of discrete-time...
... press to get the object to what you need, and what the lights mean about the status ofthe object The details of how the box is put together inside are irrelevant while you are using the box What ... some action The order and timing of these messages is determined by the actions ofthe user, and not by the control flow ofthe program Object orientation is a natural for this kind of programming ... parts The top part is used to hold the name ofthe class The middle part shows attributes, and the bottom is used to hold the class operations (methods) Depending on the level of detail needed, the...
... some other part(s) ofthe spectrum of a signalThe vast literature on filters consists of two parts: (1) the theory of approximation to derive the transfer function ofthe filter such that the magnitude, ... sampled data signals by these filters and thesignalprocessing was treated as analog signalprocessing But later, the signals were transitioned as discrete-time signals, and the theory of discrete-time ... obtained by increasing the number of bits to represent the coefficients ofthe filter transfer function and the values ofthe input signal Again we can increase the dynamic range ofthe signals and transfer...