the embryonic stem cell test est for embryotoxicity

... the stem cells; unlike the more differentiated adult stem cells or other cell types, they are pluripotent (See the glossary for terminology used in this report.) The second report described the ... fetus After the blastocyst implants into the uterus (day 6), the cells of the inner cell mass differentiate to form the embryonic tissue layers of the developing fetus Embryonic stem cells are ... Guidelines for Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research http://www.nap.edu/catalog/11278.html GUIDELINES FOR HUMAN EMBRYONIC STEM CELL RESEARCH Committee on Guidelines for Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 15:20

... ) ES cells (Fig 5A) These results indicate that the cause of the proliferation defect in Ptb) ⁄ ) ES cells is not aberrant expression of these cell cycle regulators To further investigate the ... ES cells, as well as wild-type ES cells (Fig 4A) These results indicate that the defect of teratoma formation from Ptb) ⁄ ) ES cells is not due to the loss of pluripotency Interestingly, the ... positive for AP activity, the growth rate of the ICM was reduced (Fig 2B) These results suggest that PTB is essential for embryonic development during the peri-implantation period Generation of the...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 00:20

... western blot for all the genes tested, thus leading us to reject this hypothesis An alternative hypothesis is that these genes have a high basal expression level in mES cells, and therefore their overexpression ... assess the percentage of euploid cells Embryonic stem cell differentiation The EB3 cells and the parental line E14 cells [43] were allowed to differentiate using the 'hanging drop' method [44,45] The ... file for more general information about these genes) For a subset of the selected genes, there is evidence for the presence of different alternatively spliced isoforms that may differ in their...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 20:22

... opportunities for stem cell therapy However, number of stem cells engrafted and differentiated after transplantation limit the treatment strategies Furthermore, ambiguity continues over the contribution ... bone marrow stem cells actually differentiate into hepatocytes and restore the liver functions [10] Moreover, the mechanism by which stem cells regenerate the respective parenchymal cells, heading ... cells, heading to repair of the organs in vivo is yet to be completely understood Cell fusion, in which stem cells fuse with the somatic cell in the niche, had been suggested by many authors [11]...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 00:23

... Pou5f1 and Sox2 via the Oct4/Sox2 complex in embryonic stem cells Mol Cell Biol 2005, 25:6031-6046 Danford T, Rolfe A, Gifford DK: GSE: a comprehensive database system for the representation, ... keeping the binding threshold for one technique constant and varying the threshold values for the other method As expected, for both OCT4 and NANOG targets, the ChIP-PET recovery decreased as the ... this was systematically varied for the recovery curves) For each bound probe, a region around the probe was marked 'bound' extending to the nearest unbound probe (or kb, if the nearest probe was...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 20:22

... differentiate the ES cells The cells were then dissociated with trypsin and replated at single cell density to allow the ES cells to expand into colonies It was interesting to note that the number ... further for a role in ES cell self renewal Of primary interest are genes whose expressions are restricted to the embryonic stages, as pluripotency is characteristic of embryo derived stem cells ... cells Put together, all these evidence suggest that the regulation of Lefty1 by OCT4, KLF4 and NANOG may be part of the ES cell self renewal mechanism The role of Lefty1 in regulation of ES cell...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 16:02

... different cell fates is indeed as such In conclusion, the data presented in this thesis lead to the establishment of Lefty2 as an important regulator of embryonic stem cell fate Also, this thesis ... previously been implicated in embryonic development and stem cell- specific expression of Lefty has been observed in mouse and human, its functional significance in embryonic stem cells has never been ... show that Lefty2 RNAi induces ES cell differentiation specifically towards the meso/mesendodermal cell fates The next objective to be met was the dissection of the molecular mechanism via which...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 16:02

... either or 12 well formats For 12 well format, 2X105 mouse ES cells were seeded whereas 4X105 mouse ES cells were seeded for well format in growth medium shRNA transfections were carried out the ... Before the stain solution was added, the cells were again rinsed thrice with PBS to remove the fixative The samples were then incubated for 15min in the dark at room temperature, with the stain ... 1/1000 for Nodal Goat 1/3000 for SMAD4 1/5000 for V5 1/5000 for PCNA Anti-goat HRP Santa Cruz Biotechnology SC-2033 1/1000 for SMAD2/3 Donkey 1/3000 for Actin 1/3000 for OCT3/4 1:1000 for Brachyury...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 16:02

... Buesen, R., Visan, A., and Spielmann, H (2006) Use of murine embryonic stem cells in embryotoxicity assays: the embryonic stem cell test Methods Mol Biol 329, 371-395 Shen, M M (2007) Nodal signaling: ... of human embryonic stem cells in the absence of feeder layers Stem Cells 23, 489-495 Besser, D (2004) Expression of nodal, lefty-a, and lefty-B in undifferentiated human embryonic stem cells requires ... TGF-beta signaling J Cell Biochem 101, 9-33 Burns, C J., Persaud, S J., and Jones, P M (2006) Diabetes mellitus: a potential target for stem cell therapy Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 1, 255-266 Camus,...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 16:02

... into its extraembryonic and embryonic components The outer layer of cells of the blastocyst is the extraembryonic components and forms an epithelium, the trophectoderm Descendents of the trophectoderm ... trophectoderm are restricted to the generation of the trophoblast components of the placenta The embryonic component, located on the interior is referred to as the inner cell mass (ICM) and this embryonic ... are key regulators of ES cell fate These factors are at the top of the hierarchy of the ES cell regulatory network and they keep ES cells undifferentiated by either the activation of target genes...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 16:02

... Description of Ct method used for tabulation of qPCR data For all the qPCR data presented in this thesis, the relative transcript levels for the Ct method gene of interest between test sample and control ... sample and control were tabulated using the -Actin was used as the housekeeping gene for normalization The difference between the mean test sample Ct values and the mean -Actin values ( Ctsample) ... be the optimal concentration for use to lower Nodal signaling For this titration experiment, E14 mouse ES cells were treated with varying concentration of Activin A for 10 hours, and then harvested...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 16:03

... INTRODUCTION 1.1 Embryonic stem cells 1.1.1 History In the 1970s, the search for a cell culture platform to study early embryonic development led to the isolation of stem cells from teratocarcinomas ... gametes (Smith, 2001) Nevertheless, studies with EC cells were of vital importance in establishing the technical expertise necessary for the derivation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) (Evans and ... all cell types in the body Although the clinical use of adult stem cells, which are present in multiple tissues in the mammalian body, is attractive due to the lack of allogenecity, adult stem cells...

Ngày tải lên: 12/09/2015, 08:16

... (MCF7) cell line [11] The fact that the vast majority of MCF7 stem cell enriched SP cells express MUC1 suggests that epithelial cancer stem cells would also be the targets of various immunotherapy ... ovarian cancer cells induce the aggressiveness of the cancer cells and enrich the cancer stem cell population It also showed that MUC4 is expressed in the ovarian cancer stem cell population ... contrast, no colony formation was observed in vector-transfected SKOV3 cells (Figure 3) We further isolated these colonies for the stem/ progenitor marker analysis Expression of cancer stem cell and self-renewal...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 07:20

... taking the highest scoring hit within the promoter using the Storm software [62] While scanning the promoter for the best match, we only considered the regions that are conserved according to the ... development The observation that the mESC culture system might not only allow the generation of adipose stem cells, but also of their potential vascular niche, opens new avenues for the study of ... values ± standard error of the mean of at least three independent experiments and tested statistically using two-tailed Student’s t -test or Z -test for location, unless otherwise indicated Functional...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 20:22

... from the reads in the parental group, we performed a binomial test to see if the observed methylated reads exceeded expectation The test was performed twice by switching the parental groups and the ... of the ESCs, and is restored in induced pluripotent stem cells [15], suggesting there may be a functional role for non-CG methylation in pluripotent stem cells However, less is known about the ... and 0.6 for the major allele For each gene we calculated the probability that the major and minor alleles are unbalanced based on a binomial test computed from the number of reads covering the major...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 23:20

... hES-CD34+ cells and established that they could support HIV-1 infection These studies laid the ground work for utilizing hES-CD34+ cells in HIV research and for testing anti-HIV genes in a gene /cell therapy ... liver [11] hES cells are a good viable alternative for the generation of an unlimited supply of CD34+ cells thus paving the way for utilization of these cells for hematopoietic cell therapy [9] ... paradoxically they are also culprits in the efficient transfer of the virus to suscep- http://www.aidsrestherapy.com/content/5/1/1 tible cells [14] Thus in gene therapy applications for HIV infections they...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:20

... middle cell layer develops with characteristics of both cell types These cells are the neural crest cells They migrate dorsolaterally to form the neural crest, a flattened irregular mass between the ... promoter-driven selection markers paves the way for ES cell- derived neural crest stem cell biology These cells are attractive candidates for future cell replacement therapies due their ability to diferentiate ... ES cells will pave the way for a better understanding of NCSCs and their differentiation into lineages The BMP2+ cells derived from the ES cells may serve as an ideal model for neural crest stem...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 08:20

... derived from human embryonic stem cells Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2002, 99:4391-4396 Choi K: The hemangioblast: a common progenitor of hematopoietic and endothelial cells J Hematother Stem Cell Res 2002, ... us to perform comprehensive analysis of Volume 8, Issue 11, Article R240 Lu et al R240.2 gene expression in these cells and compare this with other cell populations from which the BC cells originated ... Microarrays assess the total amount of RNA in a population and can, therefore, be influenced by a predominating cell type Variations in the homogeneity of the population can influence the number of...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 08:20

... value for downregulated genes and -log P value for those upregulated to emphasize direction of change The dashed line indicates the threshold where the P value = 0.05 Embryonic stem cells in the ... teratocarcinomas to embryonic stem cells and beyond: a history of embryonic stem cell research Nat Rev Genet 2006, 7:319-327 Srivastava D, Ivey KN: Potential of stem- cell- based therapies Genome ... concealed in the rich pluripotent transcriptional background of embryonic stem cells and support their inherent potential for multiple and diverse cell fates [3-6] Genomewide profiling and system analyses,...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 08:20

... transcripts (a) The pie chart shows the distribution of these annotations (b) The bar chart shows the number of genes in the categories adhesion, cell cycle, cell death, cell- cell signalling, cellular ... J, Sachinidis A: Embryonic stem cells: a promising tool for cell replacement therapy J Cell Mol Med 2004, 8:465-473 Winkler J, Hescheler J, Sachinidis A: Embryonic stem cells for basic research ... Student's t -test P value < 0.01] as compared with the control cells in the 15-day-old embryoid bodies and compared with the undifferentiated α-MHC embryonic stem cells) 'Count' refers to the number...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 20:22