the economics of ocean acidification

... is the height-weight-risk surface itself, of which the contour map is but one of the many possible ways of representing it However, a diagram that shows the contour levels of the surface together ... issues that bear on the usefulness of Waaler surfaces in economic analysis The first of these is the issue of stability,'3 by which I mean verifying that the properties of the Waaler surface we ... contour Thus the optimal weight-for-height curve must pass through each of the nadirs of the contours, and the curve can be graphically derived by simply connecting the lowest points of the contours.5

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 02:20

... The Review first examines the evidence on the economic impacts of climate change itself, and explores the economics of stabilising greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The second half of the ... of the above estimates of the costs of mitigation with the high costs of inaction described from our first two methods (the aggregated and the disaggregated) of assessing the ... on the climate over the next 40 or 50 years. On the other hand what we do in the next 10 or 20 years can have a profound effect on the climate in the second half of this century and in the

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 06:20

... issuance of equity of an amount D... decreases the probability of default The choice of the conversion ratio needs to solve a trade-off: on the one hand, the higher the conversion ... fraction (1 – α) of the initial debt The gains of the remaining debt holders are (1 – α) of the gains of all the initial debt holders Thus, the transfer by the government ... information frictions. Under these assumptions, the sum of the market values of debt and equity is independent of the bank’s capital structure and equals the market value of the asset: V(A) = V(E)

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 10:20

... range of issues, including the reasons for the growing use of IPRs; the impact of the strengthening of IPRs on innovation; the role of IPRs in developing countries; whether there ... in the mechanisms they use to protect the knowledge they... Economics of Innovation and New Technology, the Cambridge Journal of Economics, the Journal of Evolutionary Economics ... PROPERTY Therefore, section 2 of the paper briefly... as with the differences in firms’ strategies The authors confirmed the hypothesis of a relationship between the strength and the

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 06:20

... firms; the profits of other firms are taxed as part of the personal income of their owners The computation of the corporate income tax liability of a firm follows a number of rules ... sales of cars The political effects of. .. transition from one equilibrium to the other 16 Part I The Effects of Taxation The theory of tax incidence aims at characterizing the ... the last thirty years While these taxes were the main resource of governments until the nineteenth century, they now constitute only 12 percent of the tax revenue in the OECD The

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 11:20

... means of saving money A Strategy Vacuum? Yet, given the harsh reality of the politics of HE’ and the voting power of the better-off, the White Paper proposals may yet run into the ... the HEIs then fail to fill since they themselves are split as their leaders (the. .. that the taxpayer has other priorities and burdens in society than financing the major part of the ... the cost of higher education for the better-off With reference to the US, Johnstone noted that here the student’s share of the cost of HE was ‘already the heaviest of any

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 20:20

... professor of economics at the University of Mannheim and a research associate of the National Bureau of Economic Research. Vassilis Hajivassiliou is an associate professor of economics in the ... status of other family members Two of the authors have already made significant headway broadening the definition of the decision-making unit.’ Their work and the work of others ... likely to live with their children.” The larger the number of living children, the more probable is living together with one of them Among the health variables, the simple functional

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 16:20

... vehicle. The special purpose vehicle is separate from the originator’s balance sheet to isolate the credit risk of its liabilities – the tranches – from the balance sheet of the originator. If the ... 10 percent of the time and defaults are uncorrelated, the senior tranche will now default only 0.1 percent of the time, the middle tranche defaults 2.8 percent of the time, and the junior tranche ... on the agency issuing the rating and the type of entity whose creditworthiness is being assessed, the rating is either based on the anticipated likelihood of observing a default, or on the

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 05:21

... The Economics of Cloud Computing Addressing the Benefits of Infrastructure in the Cloud by Ted Alford alford_theodore@bah.com Gwen Morton morton_gwen@bah.com The Economics of Cloud Computing ... because of the inherent complexity of this scenario, these agencies are more likely to be part of the “second wave” of cloud adopters Examples: Department of Agriculture, Department of Education, ... hardware and software) to the cloud under each of the three scenarios described above We compared these costs to the LCCs of the SQ scenario (i.e., no cloud migration) Our model focuses on the costs

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 05:21

... project on the economics of the loss of ecosystems and biodiversity. The Minister for the Environment in Germany, Sigmar Gabriel, with the support of the European Commissioner for the Environment, Stavros ... denial of these inputs is to the income security and well-being of the poor An “equity” focus accentuated this finding even further, because the poverty of the beneficiaries makes these ... proportion of their livelihood... “GDP of the poor” because it is from these sectors that many of the developing world’s poor draw their livelihood and employment Furthermore, we find that the

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 07:20

... component of the business These efficiency gains, however, came at the cost of IT’s ability to support strategic business endeavors The second punch came in the form of the financial system collapse of ... area of focus for your company? If so, who are the stakeholders? How will the success of these initiatives be measured? Is there a chief sustainability officer ultimately responsible for the success ... for the success of these efforts? Given the costs for each of the services listed previously, along with projected growth rates, is there enough data to calculate the total carbon offsets achievable

Ngày tải lên: 24/04/2014, 16:10

... whether the university dummy explains some of the fragmentation of knowledge flows, Frag, The sign and significance of & offers insight into the relationship between institution type and the ... and Development Economics Carlos Eugenio Rosell A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Department of Economics, University of Toronto Trang ... thank Frank Mathewson and the Institute for Policy Analysis (IPA) The professional and stimulating research environment that the IPA offered was very important in the final stages of my dissertation

Ngày tải lên: 03/06/2014, 01:27

... sprawl and its results And the planning responses... orphan sites; - the lack of information of the current environmental condition of the land; - the lack of public information ... when the previous use of the building is industrial The field of adaptive reuse of old buildings is very similar to brownfield redevelopment, mainly from the type of risks ... examine their nature and impact on our communities 2.2 The Decline of Population and... investors and developers? Many of the studies in the literature that have focused on the economics

Ngày tải lên: 03/06/2014, 02:15

... The Economics of Large Scale Infrastructure Project Finance: An Empirical Examination of the Propensity to Project Finance A Thesis Presented to the Faculty Of The Fletcher ... to the cash flows and earnings of that economic unit as the source of funds from which the loan will be repaid and to the assets of the economic unit as collateral for the ... to ‘redeployers’ in a state of the world where the primary use of the asset has lost value The redeployer is skilled in the alternate use of the asset b Chemmanur and John

Ngày tải lên: 03/06/2014, 02:15

... Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts Amherst in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY February 2007 Resource Economics ... research presents two theoretical essays analyzing the economics of traceability and an empirical study of traceability adoption at the farm level The first theoretical essay ... ability to carry on my work. I had the enormous fortune of having a great group of fellow graduate students in my years at the University of Massachusetts. Each of them enriched and broadened my

Ngày tải lên: 03/06/2014, 02:17

... collected at the end of the R&D contest. Another important limitation of the literature on the economics of the intellectual property rights is its exclusive focus on the instruments of patent ... and the strategy of the Follower as σ F ( k ) 7 At any stage of the game, the expected payoff of. .. (ex ante) the full patent protection regime The social ranking of the ... optimal. The second essay (chapter 3) revisits the question of the welfare properties of the research exemption in the context of a biological innovation, the value of which is affected by the problem

Ngày tải lên: 03/06/2014, 02:21

... with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Topics in the economics of health and aging Kirson, Noam Yair ProQuest Dissertations and Theses; 2008; ... n/a Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without ... permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without

Ngày tải lên: 03/06/2014, 02:21

... project on the economics of the loss of ecosystems and biodiversity. The Minister for the Environment in Germany, Sigmar Gabriel, with the support of the European Commissioner for the Environment, ... impact of a loss or denial of these inputs is to the income security and well-being of the poor An “equity” focus accentuated this finding even further, because the poverty of the ... 2007, the G8+5 environment ministers met in Potsdam. Inspired by the momentum for early action and policy change created by the Stern Review of the Economics of Climate Change, they expressed the

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 19:20

... Commercial Uses of the Internet The size of the market, judged by the number of agents or domain names, is growing rapidly on the Internet. The growth rate in the number of Internet hosts ... All these mechanisms depend on the neutrality and trustworthiness of the parties who provide the supposedly objective information. The neutrality of these parties is often in doubt, or otherwise ... Science Foundation and the program managers, Drs. Su Shing Chen and Les Gasser, and the support from the Information Technology Program of the State of Texas. The Economics of Electronic Commerce...

Ngày tải lên: 18/10/2013, 11:15

... and the Economics of Security presents the latest research on the economics driving both the risks and the solutions. These chapters represent some of the best, cutting-edge research within the ... than 20 percent of the number of payments processed in the EU), the focus of the analysis is mainly on the euro area: the above-mentioned 10 euro area countries in the survey together process ... Third, in the majority of the 15 countries, the role of nonbanks for payment cards is high or prevalent in many of the activities considered. This is probably due to the high automation of the pre-transaction...

Ngày tải lên: 18/10/2013, 17:15