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THE ECONOMICS OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY Suggestions for Further Research in Developing Countries and Countries with Economies in Transition WORLD INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ORGANIZATION For more information contact the: World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) at Address: 34, chemin des Colombettes P.O. Box 18 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Switzerland Telephone: +41 22 338 8247 Fax: +41 22 740 3700 e-mail: wipo.mail@wipo.int or its New York Coordination Office at: Address: 2, United Nations Plaza Suite 2525 New York, N.Y. 10017 United States of America Telephone: +1 212 963 6813 Fax: +1 212 963 4801 e-mail: wipo@un.org Visit the WIPO website at: http://www.wipo.int and order from the WIPO Electronic Bookshop at: www.wipo.int/ebookshop WIPO Publication No. 1012(E) January 2009 ISBN: 978-92-805-1791-0 THE ECONOMICS OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY – Suggestions for Further Research in Developing Countries and Countries with Economies in Transition [...]... range of issues, including the reasons for the growing use of IPRs; the impact of the strengthening of IPRs on innovation; the role of IPRs in developing countries; whether there is a need for international harmonization of the laws regulating the matter and the consequences of IPR legislative reforms on poor communities in areas such as health or traditional knowledge This paper aims at exploring one of. .. Professor, Department of Economics, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina Director of the Centro de Investigaciones para la Transformación (CENIT) The able assistance of Natalia Gajst is gratefully acknowledged The views expressed in this paper are those of the author and do not necessarily represent those of WIPO 1 2 THE ECONOMICS OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY Therefore, section 2 of the paper briefly... as with the differences in firms’ strategies The authors confirmed the hypothesis of a relationship between the strength and the use of different appropriability mechanisms – i.e the stronger the mechanism, the more it is used However, they also found that in the case of IPRs, when availability was low, usage was low regardless of the strength, while when IPR availability was high, the level of usage... The nature of innovations and the type of appropriability mechanisms employed change during this trajectory Hence, the means firms use to protect their innovations are also dependant on the stage in the life-cycle of the industry in which they operate (Dosi et al (2006)) In light of the above, it comes as no surprise that innovating firms differ in the mechanisms they use to protect the knowledge they... Economics of Innovation and New Technology, the Cambridge Journal of Economics, the Journal of Evolutionary Economics and Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, the Journal of Technology Transfer RUTH TOWSE Ruth Towse is Professor of Economics of Creative Industries at Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands She specializes in cultural economics and the economics of copyright Her work has been published... assisted WIPO in the elaboration of studies on the economic contribution of copyright-based industries to the Mexican, Peruvian and Colombian economies At present, he is Associate Professor of Economics at the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid THE ECONOMICS OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY INNOVATION AND APPROPRIABILITY, EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE AND RESEARCH AGENDA ANDRÉS LÓPEZ* 1 INTRODUCTION Intellectual property rights.. .THE ECONOMICS OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY then, his research interests have extended to the economics of patents, university technology transfer, the new economics of science and, finally, and technology and economic development His main teaching activity is on Industrial Economics and Innovation and IPRs His work has been published in World Development, Research Policy, the Economics of Innovation... Urama is also the Inaugural Acting President of the African Society for Ecological Economics (ASEE), the African Chapter of the International Society for Ecological Economics (ISEE) He has over 50 publications in various media, including international journals such as Land Economics, Ecological Economics, the Journal of Environmental Management, the Journal of Agricultural Economics and the International... Journal of Sustainable Development RICHARD WATT Richard Watt is an Associate Professor of Economics at the University of Canterbury, New Zealand With an interest in all aspects of applied micro-economic theory, he has concentrated particularly on the economic theory of risk bearing, and the economics of copyright Above all, he has an interest in studying the spillovers and common ground between these... they are found to be statistically significant through econometric tests than when they are merely the result of the observation of descriptive statistical tables Furthermore, econometric methods allow us to estimate the amount of the effect that a change in a certain variable has on the variable of interest for the analysis (for instance, how much the propensity to patent increases when the size of . Associate Professor of Economics at the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. x THE ECONOMICS OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY 1 THE ECONOMICS OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY INNOVATION. composed of R&D performing firms but those firms that managed to intro- 7 THE ECONOMICS OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY 8 THE ECONOMICS OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY duce