the economic and social impact of electronic commerce in developing countries

... permission of Idea Group Inc is prohibited The Economic and Social Impact of Electronic Commerce 25 countries It aims at enabling developing countries to use existing infrastructures and services ... telecommunication infrastructure (Ntoko, 2000) The purpose of this project is to expand electronic commerce in developing countries and to help in the construction of electronic commerce infrastructure and ... implementation of electronic commerce solutions (Goh, 2001) The EC-DC project will assist the ITU in expanding electronic commerce in the Developing Countries by using the World Trade Center network and...

Ngày tải lên: 01/06/2014, 12:39

... manufacturers The inclusion of patients’ preferences in the process of policy and clinical decision making reflects the new area of evaluation and interpretation in health care The methods used in this ... effects of treatment, i.e., the main treatment effect and the effect of treatment on body weight Two other factors were related to the mode of application and the type of product These factors and the ... developed the concept of the publication and wrote the draft of the manuscript JC initiated the study and developed the details of the study together with HJH MD and HJH completed the study All authors...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 15:20

... year, cut-off defined according to the recommendations of the national agency of accreditation and evaluation in health care in 2001) These were measured using the adapted version of the Diabetes ... that factors were not included in the final multivariable model Underlining indicates the most important association with the DHP scores a Presence of myocardial infarction, angina or heart arteries ... items); and disinhibited eating -DE (5 items) Analyses were performed which support the validity of the French DHP-18 version: the same dimensions of the original version were identified, internal...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 01:21

... first line opened in 2002, followed by the second in 2004, the third in 2005, a branch line in 2009, and two more lines in 2010 Subsequently, the lines have been extended and new lines are being ... share of the national or regional population living in urban areas The “pace or speed of urbanization” refers to the change in the percentage points of the urbanized share Unless otherwise indicated, ... Ă ĚĂLJ Ăƚ purchasing power parity (PPP) remains over 20% in eight countries, including the populous countries of Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan ͻ While the poor are moving out of extreme poverty,...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 09:20

... define the general soil degradation thresholds and then at the local scale we also need to address the specificity of the land management impacts, and define the threats associated ... think thus, that when assessing soil contamination issues we should consider that the soil quality indices monitoring the intrinsic soil function are not going to be comprehensive for many of the ... (including humans) living in other environmental compartments Under these circumstances, a conservative record list of soil inputs for traceability purposes should help assessing soil contamination...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 08:20

... clinician vigilance and the availability of a point -of- care test in primary care clinics likely led to earlier detection of SHL and more proactive substitutions in the primary care setting The ... lipoatrophy in our setting and alternatives to stavudine are required Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests Authors' contributions CS was involved in conceiving the ... performed the second calculation to correct for potential biasing effect of more patients in the denominator being beyond the "window of risk" for severe SHL in later calendar years This "window of...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:21

... assist them to improve their farming and management skills The services may include: Sharing the information, training and advice of farmers, testing new technologies on farms, and developing farm ... Engineering M.Sc in the field of Agricultural Engineering B.Sc and M.Sc with average background of 14 years in the field of Agricultural Mechanization Engineering University of Tehran, University of ... comparison, the fuzzy synthetic extent values of the attributes were calculated in order to assess the priority weights of the main objectives The values of the fuzzy synthetic extent of the four...

Ngày tải lên: 25/04/2016, 07:23

... incorporation of social media into their online commerce activities Specific topics covered in the survey include the following: • Consumers’ use of multiple channels when browsing, researching, and purchasing ... segments and merchandise categories This can ease the costs of printing and mailing, yet still provide the inspiration and reminder to send customers back online Merchants need to understand the new ... even if they’re not interested in the promotion, they’d think positively of the store that sent them the discount • Another 15 percent say they would ignore the e-mail and not purchase the product...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 10:20

... analysis and in drafting the manuscript, ON coordinated the study at the hospital and participated in data collection, and in drafting the manuscript, BRH and AKW participated in planning and designing ... adjustment and is of importance for their well-being [19,20] By improving our understanding of the characteristics which are associated with symptoms, function, coping and well-being in CAD patients, the ... consisting of nine items measuring physical function, a subscale of the disease specific SAQ Social function was measured by the Social Functioning scale (SF) consisting of two items, a subscale of...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... growing need to understand the impact of HAART use on the quality of lives of HIVinfected individuals [4-8] There is a sizeable body of research on the impact of HAART on health-related quality of ... weeks The adherence counsellors were trained in the administration of the HRQoL instrument The quality of life questionnaire was administered at each of the following scheduled visits: screening, ... to the study included possible selection bias and information bias related to the use of the MOS-SF36 instrument The loss of up to 50% of patients, who had incomplete HRQoL data, from the final...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 08:20

... guideline and training to Malawi began with the creation of an international and inter-professional team including representatives from the Knowledge Translation Unit of the University of Cape ... Adaptation of the training program to Malawi focused on customization of the training materials, selection of outreach trainers, and adjustments to the TtTtT program Customization of the training materials ... for trainers, so they were chosen from the staff working at sites implementing PALM PLUS training, minimizing the need for travel to other sites A total of 14 HCWs took part in the training program...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 11:20

... of patients initiating pharmacotherapy for GAD receive either SSRIs or venlafaxine Levels of healthcare utilization and costs are greater in the year following initiation of therapy than in the ... as the numbers of pharmacy claims for and associated therapy-days with each medication Duration of receipt of initial therapy was defined based on time between the index date and the date of final ... healthcare utilization and costs are greater in the year following initiation of therapy than in the immediately preceding one DECLARATION OF COMPETING INTERESTS Mr Berger, Dr Edelsberg, and Dr Oster...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 16:21

... conceived of the study, performed the clinical investigation (diagnosis, treatment and assessment), and drafted the manuscript TAF participated in the design of the study and performed the clinical investigation ... symptomatology, including depression, were administered at each time point QoL was assessed using the Short Form 36 (SF-36) and severity of SAD was assessed using the Social Phobia Scale (SPS) and the Social ... CBT However, the improvement in the social functioning domain of the SF-36, which was noted post-treatment, was not maintained over the 12 months of follow-up Second, social functioning at follow-up...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 16:22

... NK and JC SH and RW carried out the statistical analysis with input from GD and NK NK and ZR wrote the initial draft of the manuscript All authors were involved in critically revising the initial ... design, in the collection, analysis and interpretation of the data, in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to submit the manuscript for publication We would like to thank all the participants ... elevated in large parts of Northern and Eastern Europe, for example the Baltic countries, Belarus, Croatia, Finland, Hungary, the Russian Federation, Slovenia and the Ukraine [1] Some of the highest...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 17:20

... in the wake of a growing number of highprofile accounting failures (such as Enron and WorldCom in the USA, Ahold in the Netherlands, Parmalat in Italy, Shell in the Netherlands and the UK, and ... by the finding of The Report of the Commission of Inquiry into Developments in the Accountancy Profession in South Africa that in the two decades, 1951 to 1971, … [Departments of Accounting] ... part of) the body of accounting theory, normative theory There is also a huge body of positive and inductive theories to be found in accounting literature Together they constitute the body of accounting...

Ngày tải lên: 04/11/2014, 22:20

... The Online Interaction Iceberg The Online Interaction Iceberg • the tools and technology are the top of the iceberg; and • the social/ cultural, and organizational/environmental factors are the bigger, ... “ways of doing things” that may vary among the members These organizational and environmental factors can influence the behaviour and outcome of the community So paying attention to the dynamics of ... community building process Introduction It is easy to think about online community from the technical point of view Of course Internet access and the appropriate software are critical But there are...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 20:20

... scanning lines) mainly in the continent of America, but also in some countries in Asia, like Japan In most other parts of the world, a standard of 50 pictures per second (using 625 scanning lines) ... interlacing as a form of spatio-temporal subsampling, then de-interlacing, the topic of our book, is the reverse operation aiming at the removal of the sub-sampling artefacts The major flaw of ... movement of the lines In this case, the observer interprets the scanning lines as if belonging to a moving Chapter - Introduction structure Despite the line-flicker effect and line crawl for interlaced...

Ngày tải lên: 10/12/2013, 14:15

... couples together long before the arrival of the Internet, but the arrival of the Internet accelerated the declining influence of these origin-based traditional institutions Friends, and the workplace ... ways of meeting (through friends, in college, in the workplace) to remain unchanged The fact that nearly all other ways of meeting have been in decline during the Internet era suggests that the Internet ... much of the apparent increase in the number of same-sex couples is due to an increase in the partnering rate of gays and lesbians One factor that certainly contributes to the increasing number of...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 21:20

... infrastructure, and then would send to the firewall their own EID (and possibly IP address and security information allowing the firewall and the endpoint to authenticate each other), so that the ... remedy these and other architectural problems, in this paper we revisit the issue of naming We begin by describing four general design principles about the nature and use of names While these principles ... SID layer, the mechanism is similar: a service s, running on a host h, rather than listing the EID of h in the resolution infrastructure, instead lists the EID of some other endpoint, o (s could...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 22:20

... itself the task of articulating the role of gender in PHN programming and of explicitly including gender in monitoring and evaluation activities The subcommittee members, drawing on their years of ... quality of food and increase their production and income earnings (while maintaining affordability of their products) Reduction in adherence to food taboos; better understanding of girls’ and boys’ ... paper offers a way of thinking about gender that makes it relevant for PHN programming and evaluation It is one step along the path to understanding and measuring the role of gender in the PHN...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 12:20