the chemical ecology of invertebrate meroplankton and holoplankton

... Nonetheless, the vast majority of meroplankton in the world’s oceans are comprised of the propagules of algae or the eggs and larvae of benthic invertebrates and fish Little is known of the chemical ... known of the chemical defenses of the propagules of algae or the eggs and larvae of fish Therefore, the present review and discussion of the chemical ecology of meroplankton will focus primarily ... Chemical Ecology of Invertebrate Meroplankton and Holoplankton 201 that limit the ability of eggs and embryos to produce toxins, and (3) there may be tradeoffs between the production of deterrents and...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 00:21

... mineralizing RNA profile of igf-1, alp, and bmp-2 and significantly increased expression of other genes associated with mineralization like col1a1, fn, ilgf-1, noggin and oc Fgf-2, on the other hand, significantly ... matrix and promote healing [24] In this study, we have documented the relative efficiency of bone growth factors FGF-2, TGFb, and PGE2 markedly enhanced the synthesis of the total protein content of ... proliferation and mineralization [2,26-29] These two stages are the result of a specific sequential regulation of gene expression from the early phase of osteoblast proliferation to the final steps of mineralization...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 04:20

... mineralizing RNA profile of igf-1, alp, and bmp-2 and significantly increased expression of other genes associated with mineralization like col1a1, fn, ilgf-1, noggin and oc Fgf-2, on the other hand, significantly ... matrix and promote healing [24] In this study, we have documented the relative efficiency of bone growth factors FGF-2, TGFb, and PGE2 markedly enhanced the synthesis of the total protein content of ... proliferation and mineralization [2,26-29] These two stages are the result of a specific sequential regulation of gene expression from the early phase of osteoblast proliferation to the final steps of mineralization...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 07:20

... cells and produced IFN-γ [23] The present study focuses on the regulation of the IP-10 secretion The aim was to investigate the pathways of IP10 secretion in a in vitro system including the cell ... response to IFN-γ, thereby attracting more lymphocytes to lung tissue and support the use of the A549 and CALU-3 cell lines as a model of the primary cell system As example, application of cigarette ... design of study and helped drafting of the manuscript; HC carried out experiments and performed statistical analysis, IK participated in the design of study and helped drafting of the manuscript...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 15:21

... process the lengthening mRNA at the 5’ end As the RNAPII moves along the transcribed region of the gene, the shift of the CTD phosphorylated at serine to serine (S2-P) occurs through the activity of ... S5-P) In this thesis we will study the RNAPII modifications on both the CTD and the globular core of the enzyme in the presence and absence of Rtr1 IV Mechanisms for RNAPII degradation and recycling ... end of the gene and is associated with the cleavage and polyadenylation of the nascent transcripts (Krishnamurthy et al., 2004) Fcp1 catalyzes the removal of phosphates from S2 residues and has...

Ngày tải lên: 24/08/2014, 09:44

... guidance and advice throughout the period of my candidature Lastly, I would like to say thank you to my dearest wife and cutest daughter, for their understanding and support, which makes the countless ... level of Bubr1 and Mad2 after knockdown of p73 105 Fig 3.28: Different mechanism of action between p73 and Bubr1 and Mad2 in regulation of mitotic cell death 107 Fig 3.29: Knockdown of Bubr1 and ... and acute myelogenous leukemia (Moll and Slade, 2004) Up-regulation of p73 in cancers is not restricted just to the DNp73 isoforms, but also to the TA-p73 isoforms While the over-expression of...

Ngày tải lên: 13/09/2015, 21:21

... accompaniment of the CCGS John A 40 41 42 43 See Arts and 10 of the NSR Regulations; Arts 14 and 15 of the Economic Zone Edict; Arts and 15 of the Environmental Edict; and Art 11 of the Decree of the Council ... Arts 1(4), and 7(4) of the NSR Regulations; Art 14 of the Economic Zone Edict; and Art of the Environmental Edict Art 236 of the LOS Convention See Churchill and Lowe, The Law of the Sea, p 260 ... Navigation and pollution in the Northern Sea Route 233 might well open the way for full application of the OPA in the EEZ of the USA The USA claims that the environmental provisions of the LOS Convention...

Ngày tải lên: 01/11/2013, 09:20

... cloned into pGEX-4T-2 The KIND domains of Spir-2 and PTPN13 were generated by RT-PCR and inserted into pEGFP-C1 and pGEX-4T-2 The N- and C-terminal regions of the v-KIND KIND2 and the MAP2 CD were ... proteins of these subregions (Fig S1C) and 1654 Fig Of all members of the KIND family of proteins, only KIND2 binds to MAP2 Pull-down assay (PD) of the endogenous MAP2 from cerebellar lysates of P21 ... downstream of v-KIND overexpression [12]) enhances the activity of MAP2 to bind to microtubules and promote their assembly [18], and that the inhibition of JNK1 (such as downstream of v-KIND knockdown...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 19:20

... increase in apoptosis [73] The authors of this study ascribe the regulation of outgrowth of limb buds and patterning of the digits to the chicken AP-2 The role of AP-2a was further studied in zebrafish ... tumorigenesis and genetic diseases [47] Most analyses of the regulation of AP-2 and the interactions of the transcription factor with binding partners, as well as of the regulation of target gene ... because of the severe skeletal defects in growth and the development of face and limbs [17–19] Donner et al tried to link the expression of AP-2a in these tissues to upstream signaling pathways They...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 09:20

... RPABC-2 and -3, are present in all three RNA polymerases, and the solution of the crystal structure of Pol II shows that these two subunits are located close to each other at the surface of the polymerase ... domain and then to the nascent RNP, where actin in complex with the hnRNP U can facilitate recruitment of PCAF or P2D10 to the active gene Formation of actin filaments in the proximity of the Pol ... transport of the AR, interacts with the AR DBD–LBD in a ligand-independent manner [77,86,87] The absence of filamin hampers androgeninduced AR transactivation In the absence of filamin, the receptor–Hsp90...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 01:20

... well in the greenhouse Seeds were obtained from the majority of the transgenic lines; the T2 seedlings were tested for inheritance of the transgene by Southern blot analysis, and the levels of receptor ... ecdysteroid-rich organisms These studies, along with the other published reports [34,36], show the extreme flexibility and adaptability in the ligand-binding pocket of EcRs Therefore, the present study ... the ligand sensitivity of the monopartite gene switch Replacing CfEcRWt with the CfEcRH436E and CfEcRQ454E single mutants did not improve the sensitivity and background expression levels of the...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 06:20

... with the O atom of the main chain CO group of the TrpB240; Ng1 shares H bonding with O atom of the CO group of LeuB387 together with O atom of c-OH of SerB386; Ng2 is in H bonding with Od1 of AsnB241 ... COO– in the aminic part determines the position of the substrate within the S1¢-binding subsite O atoms of the main chain CO groups of LeuB387 and TrpB240, Od1 atom of AsnB241, and Oc atom of SerB386 ... presence of a single roughly conical groove, the hydrophobic part of which accommodates the phenylacetyl moiety of the ligands The more polar aminic moiety resides in the open part of the groove,...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 16:20

... HD These processes may not be independent of each other Detailed descriptions of these processes are beyond the scope of this review In the present review, we specifically focus on the role of ... (45 kDa) and the activated caspase-1 (20 kDa) are shown by the arrows on the left The bar diagram (right panel) shows the average (n = 3) of integrated optical density (IOD) of the bands obtained ... elegans model of HD [45] The increased functional role of NMDAR in HD and the involvement of HIP-1 in NMDAR-mediated phosphorylation of Htt [18] further indicate the possible participation of HIP-1...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 07:20

... ratio of : : can be either of the hydrophobic type (between the CH2 group of thymine and the methylene groups of spermine) and ⁄ or the ion-dipole type (between the secondary amino groups of polyamines ... extremely sensitive to the action of DNase I We believe that this is a result of the resolubilization of DNA and the massive exposure of the phosphodiester bonds to the active site of the nuclease, probably ... of NAP The concentration of the 8000 Da form of NAP in the nucleus did not vary throughout the phases of the cell cycle In this study, based on the investigation (by gel electrophoresis) of the...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 15:20

... upstream of the STOP codon of the ORF of interest and on the 3¢ end, 65–70 nucleotides of the genomic region downstream of the ORF of interest Transformants were recovered based on their geneticine ... responsible for the cleavage of PtdCho and the formation of GroPCho [42], the amount of GroPCho released into the medium represents the rate of Plb1p mediated turnover of PtdCho Thus, Sfh2p, Sfh4p and Sec14p ... compare the sites of action of these polypeptides, C-terminal fusions of Sfh-proteins with yEGFP were constructed and the localization of the proteins in the yeast cell was determined The enzyme...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 18:20

... (Fig 10, lane and 2) and wild-type (Fig 10, lane and 4) strains bearing multiple copies of MRG19 and grown in the presence of glucose (Fig 10, lane and 3) and glycerol (Fig 10, lane and 4) It is ... disruptant at low and high cell density Both of these promoters are under the control of the Adr1p transcriptional activator [44] b-galactosidase activity was the same in wild-type and the MRG19 disruptant ... that the energy status of the cell is an important determinant of GAL gene induction [15,25–27] This suggests that the availability of metabolic energy is a rate-limiting step in the synthesis of...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 08:20

... set consists of Nu~ (units of G1), Nu2 (units of G2), and n The arc set J of G consists of: arcs between the units of G~ , arcs between the units of G 2, and the arcs connecting G~ and G with environment ... that the observability and redundancy are, in the case of mass balance equations, exact structural properties of the graph G of the system, and of the partition of the streams (arcs) into j0 and ... In the set of mass- and energy balance equations as considered later in Chapter 5, we can take the whole G[N,J] as the graph of material streams On the other hand, the mass balances of G1 and...

Ngày tải lên: 01/04/2014, 10:15

... difference in the mean values of surface hardness and the weight percentages of the insoluble parts The mean domain size and the volume fraction of the rubber phase favor that of the water-bath ... 199 and DPI heat-cure denture base resins They found that the use of long polymerization cycle increases the transverse and impact strength values of these materials as compared to the use of ... from injection of the sample as shown in the diagram The average of 12 readings of each sample of heat-cure and self-cure denture base materials were shown in Table The results of MMA content...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 14:20

... suggesting that there is differential utilization of NFκB for the expression of CC and CXC chemokines in this system We also examined the role of NFκB in the Tck-cell contactdependent production of chemokines ... analysis, assembly and creation of the figures, and manuscript writing EA contributed to the study design, experimentation, data analysis, assembly and creation of the figures, and manuscript writing ... although the TNF gene contains at least five NFκB sites [46] Furthermore, variable factors such as the site sequence and its distance from the transcription start site, as well as the nature of the...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 08:23

... defined as the location of the bottleneck divided by k the number of possible windows; for example, , l n 1 where k is the location of the bottleneck, l is the length of the gene, and n is the window ... Summarizing the analysis of the GFP library, the distribution of the codons along the transcript appears to affect the final GFP levels in the cell A region of less efficient codons at the beginning of ... relative location and strength of the bottleneck in the GFP library (a) All the genes in the GFP library The x-axis is the relative location of the bottleneck in every gene; the y-axis is the per-cell...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 22:23