the applications of atomic force microscopy to vision science

... Table 1. The AFM image of reconstituted V-PPase shows a ratio of approximately 2.40 : 1 for the height values of the cytosolic and luminal sides. In addition, the theoreti- cal ratio of the total ... a cofactor, and the binding of Mg 2+ Keywords atomic force microscopy; proton translocation; tonoplast; vacuolar H + -pyrophosphatase; vacuole Correspondence R L. Pan, Department of Life Sciences ... homodimeric proton translocase; it plays a pivotal role in electrogenic translocation of protons from the cyto- sol to the vacuolar lumen, at the expense of PP i hydrolysis, for the storage of ions,...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 02:20

... 10 of 10 the topographic view as well as in the resistance image. However, the imag e width obtained with a Pt/Ir tip gives a value closer to the real CNT diameter. The con- tact area of the ... behave either as a conductor or as a semiconductor. Electrica l properties of nanotube are highly dependant on their atomic structure [7]; for example the conductivity of SWCNTs depends on their chirality ... all the AFM measurements as well as all the theoretical calculations, participated in the design of the study, wrote the manuscript, and coordinator between all the participants. LO made all the...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 04:20

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 05:20

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 11:20

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 01:20

... orientation. The tilt of LH2 dimers was further studied by measuring the protruding profiles of each LH2 within the dimer on the basis of the height differences of both sides and the size of LH2’s (Fig. ... in the formation of functional photosynthetic domains and membrane curvature. To further investigate in detail the packing effects of like-protein photosyn- thetic complexes, we report an atomic ... along the \-side of the V (or zig-side), whereas in Fig. 4C, the dimers progress along the ⁄ -side of the V (or zag-side). It thus seems that the LH-2s associated with either the zig-side or the...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 18:20

... part by the fund from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (MEXT) (to M. K.), the fund for Research for the Future Program from the Japan Society for the Promotion ... variability of triplex structures can provide tuning of the interaction of the triplex- forming regions. In addition, triplex formation absorbs the negative supercoils of the flanking regions, and the ... nucleoprotein complexes. Scanning Microscopy 9, 705–727. 16. Yang, J., Mou, J., Yuan, J.Y. & Shao, Z. (1996) The effect of deformation on the lateral resolution of atomic force microscopy. J. Microsc....

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 23:20

... images of the surface of the sample. The instrument can be used to record the amount of force felt by the cantilever as the probe tip is brought close to a sample surface, eventually indent the ... (S). Depending on the relative stiffness of the cantilever with respect to the sample, during this portion of the curve the tip can indent the surface. The tip is then withdra wn towards positions ... cantilever until the scanning voltage displays –20. 20. Turn off the laser light. 21. Insert the head of the spermatozoa under the tip of the cantilever under the optic microscope. 22. Perform the test...

Ngày tải lên: 11/04/2014, 02:07

... need to capture the kinematics and kinetics of human movement without the constraints of the labora- tory or the encumbrance of placing markers on the limb segments. Second, we need to relate the ... patterns of locomotion requires new methods that would limit the risk of producing artifact due to markers or the constraints of the testing methods. For example, the constraints of the laboratory ... [76,77]. The more complex the kinematic description of the body the more information can be obtained from the 3D representation matched by the model. While in marker-based systems the anatomic reference...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 10:20

... pseudopodia on the edge of the immature BMDCs (E) in the scanning size of 3 × 3 μm and the mature BMDCs (L) in the scanning size of 3 × 3 μm; F and M, Enlarged view of the center of the immature ... remains to be further studied. Taken together, the above results first reveal the char- acterization of the surface nanostructure and adhesion force of the immature and mature BMDCs, providing profoundly ... receptor 4 on the surface of immature DCs. The activation of a Toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway finally causes nuclear translocation of the nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB transcription factor. The inhibition...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 02:20

... Characterization by atomic force microscopy of alzheimer paired helical filaments under physiological conditions. Biophys J 2004, 86:517-525. 13. Eaton P, West P: Atomic Force Microscopy New York: ... shows the topography and phase of the FBS layer on MCD, where the central region of 4 × 4 μm 2 wasnanoshavedusingCMandTM.Thephaseimage in Figure 5b and the phase profiles in Figure 5c show that the ... oscillations. During these oscillations the amplitude also approaches zero. Several out -of -the- box tips with nominal tip radius of 10 nm were approached to the surface of the TGT1 grating and their shapes...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 04:20

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 06:20

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 08:20

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 14:20

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2012, 20:47

... known the request. Maybe the document is lost during deliver process or they tell lies to conceal their mistakes. The only solution for this problem is having a way to control how officers do the ... mentioned above, the software has to satisfy some factors to become successful: 5 Uc14. Forward to subordinates 40 - Use case name Forward to subordinates - Actor Manager - Purpose Forward to subordinates - ... opening the document automatically by software, the manager does not has to write to a text area to sign or give comments, he simply sign as he usually do with paper document. The advantage of this...

Ngày tải lên: 23/11/2012, 15:04

... to all types of students in other university, NEU students are the perfect entity to take the research. The study illustrates the effects of music cover and NEU students’ behaviors towards the ... in Vietnam is the kind of music, which has Vietnamese lyric based on the melody of the song of other country. Therefore, some people think the melody is stolen. For that result, they don’t like ... and the lyric writer is a person, who made the song newer, brings the song back to the listener with the whole new style and the performance is completely like remaining the life for the song. The...

Ngày tải lên: 21/04/2013, 20:53

Ngày tải lên: 01/09/2013, 11:31

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 10:15

Ngày tải lên: 07/09/2013, 13:06