teacher s instructions and its relation to teacher talk

... is also used as often as “Be pessimistic” This reflects the relationship between S and H in which S has a lower social status than H, for instance, H is a customer and S is an assistant; H is ... Strategies (Assert S' s knowledge and concern for H 's wants), 14 (Assume or assert reciprocity) and 17 (Ask personal questions) seem to make S feel less confident because they are used only in some situations ... strategies ………………………………….23 II.3 Positive and negative politeness strategies and S- H relationships 25 II.3.1 Positive politeness strategies and S- H relationships 26 II.3.2 Negative politeness...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2015, 08:58

... acquaintances or master/mastress-servant, they become closer and closer by using these strategies CHAPTER III: THE POSITIVE POLITENESS STRATEGY IS USED MOST FREQUENTLY AND ITS REASONS BENEFITS OF THE ... politeness strategy which indicates that S assumes that H wants S s wants for S or for both S and H and he will help S to obtain them One outcome of this strategy is optimistic expressions of FTAs ... be seen as a solidarity strategy which emphasizes the closeness between S and H and expresses group s reciprocity Brown and Levinson (1987) consider positive politeness as"redress directed to...

Ngày tải lên: 18/12/2013, 21:45

... Nowadays, some cultural factors are included in the course design in universities and schools only When understanding the cultural factors students have chances to expose themselves to natives speaking ... is also known as the “formal politeness strategy” which creates the distance between the S and H In this strategy, S avoids imposition on the H Besides, S tends to choose safe topics to talk ... redress to: S s wants (S wants H s want) Knowledge Empathy Convey that S and H are cooperators Indicate S know H s wants and is talking them into account Claim reflexivity Joke Assert or presuppose...

Ngày tải lên: 17/07/2015, 11:02

... blush), pseudoaneurysms and post-traumatic arteriovenous fistulas can be diagnosed, and the localization of these vascular injuries can also be established Third, the MDCT scan plays a decisive ... chest X-ray, Xrays of the cervical spine and pelvis, blood and urine samples, and a Focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST) Diagnostic peritoneal lavage (DPL) Formerly, diagnostic ... primary survey is to quickly assess and stabilize the trauma patient Structure, simplicity and a multidisciplinary methodology are essential to this approach An important ATLS principle is: ‘treat...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 01:20

... Σ and ∆ be as above, let S, T ⊆ [d − 1], and suppose that S dominates T Then the flag h-vector of ∆ satisfies hT ≤ hS Proof First, note that hT (Σ1 ) ≤ hS (Σ1 ), since the poset associated to ... complex s face poset satisfies hT ≤ hS whenever S dominates T (in the sense of Definition 2.10) Preliminaries We assume a familiarity with simplicial complexes and partially ordered sets (see [14]) ... noted above, a slight adjustment is needed: unless Σ consists of a single facet, PΣ has no maximal element To this end, let P be the poset PΣ with all its maximal elements identified As usual, let...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 12:23

... , and only the top vertex + of Qvi is in Hvi , i = 2, , n − In Figure 2, the first row shows a pentagon and its truncation, with the sweeping to occur from bottom to top The second row shows ... h-vector of its dual P ∗ Analogously, as we sweep any polytope P , we can compute the toric h-vector of its dual P ∗ Define operators c : Rd+1 → Rd+2 and d : Rd+1 → Rd+3 on symmetric vectors (h0 ... d-polytope h(∂P ) = (1)Φ(P ) Then, regarding c and d as operators, Lemma 7.9 and Proposition 7.10 of [2] can be regarded as definitions of operators c and d acting upon toric h-vectors, and these...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 14:22

... coherent response Insights from SSA Political Economy and mitigation policies beyond SSA Parkhurst reviews the experiences of several countries in tackling HIV/AIDS and emphasises that to understand ... pharmaceutical industries and so on The battle against HIV/AIDS in SSA States is no less than a social transformation and as such should be linked to wider development goals to be truly effective ... model of the State may be necessary to understand the context in a particular country and then develop a successful strategy This alternative model has to address specific issues in State failure...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 18:20

... course designs in many schools and universities today Understanding cultural factors gives students chances to expose themselves to the target environment Vietnamese students normally tend to ... politeness is used to satisfy the speaker s needs for approval and belonging, Positive politeness is attempts by a speaker to treat the listener as a friend or as someone to be included in discourse ... face is threatened For examples: damages to hearers can be orders, requests, suggestions, advice, remindings, threats, offers, and promises; and damages to speakers can be excuses or apologies I.2.2...

Ngày tải lên: 02/03/2015, 14:19

... the speaker towards the hearer as offers/promises; and expressions in which the speaker shows a desire towards the just as praises and emotional expressions (Brown, P & Levinson, S C., 1978) Similarly, ... conversations Categorizing strategies 28 Making comparison among politeness strategies to see the most frequent strategy to be used Suggesting possible ways of teaching and learning politeness strategies ... 3: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION In this chapter, tactics in politeness strategies are investigated and classified basing on Brown, P & Levinson, S C. s theory The book consists of 20 units, each of...

Ngày tải lên: 02/03/2015, 14:36

... of this strategy allows the speaker to humble himself, his capacities as well as his possessions and at the same time to raise the hearer, satisfying the hearer s want to be treated as superior ... kinds of hedges discussed here under negative politeness strategies mainly fall into two categories namely: hedges addressed to Grice s Maxim and hedges addressed to politeness strategies As proposed ... proposed by Brown and Levinson (1987), the set of hedges addressed to Grice s Maxims is said to consist of four dimensions: non-spuriousness (Quality); saying neither more or less than is cooperatively...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2015, 09:09

... course designs in many schools and universities today Understanding cultural factors gives students chances to expose themselves to the target environment Vietnamese students normally tend to ... English for the third – year students of the University of Labour and Social Affairs Aims of the study: The aims of the study are: - To study positive and negative politeness strategies in most ... environments in the conversational activities of the course book “New – Headway, Intermediate” - To collect and design sample cross – cultural activities and exercises to raise students’ cross- cultural...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2015, 19:47

... A contrastive analysis of politeness: requests and refusals in German and English GRIN Publishing GmbH 3) Brown, P & Levinson, S (1987 [1978]) Politeness: some universals in language usage Cambridge: ... Politeness strategies in business letters by native and non-native English speakers English for Specific Purposes, 11(3), 189-205 20) Meliana, F (1995) The Study of Politeness Expression in Love ... study on politeness strategies in negotiating conversations in “Market Leader” M.A Thesis Faculty of Post-graduate Studies, ULIS, VNU 27) Paarlahti, S (1998) Politeness strategies in business...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2015, 19:48

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Ngày tải lên: 26/11/2015, 10:49

... ropes Rockwell Collins has also had positive results with specialist software that is designed to match mentors and mentees It closely resembles online dating websites The company asks its leaders ... companies, especially those with a strong regional presence, to form partnerships with local universities FLIR volunteers its executives to judge contests and teach seminars This strengthens relationships ... employers, and has built partnerships with the state s universities, says Mr Kirchenbauer It strategically directs scholarship money to potential job candidates, and works with instructors to make sure...

Ngày tải lên: 06/12/2015, 23:14

... when speaker and listener have a symmetrical relationship in terms of power (friends, siblings, students) and the speaker wishes to phrase his request as a positive appeal The strategy suggests ... we use analysis method to analyze the collected data Designs of the study The thesis consists of three parts: Part I: Introduction discusses the reasons for choosing the topic, the aims, its scope, ... expositives From Searls (1979) point of view, speech acts are divided into groups: representatives, directives, commissives, expressives and declarations Representatives: the speaker asserts a...

Ngày tải lên: 14/12/2013, 00:41

... 2005/2006 expansion of Aggregates and Other Construction Materials and Services business through acquisition of Aggregate Industries Ltd UK and US, Foster Yeoman Limited UK • 2005/2006 acquisition of ... 17 Investor / Analyst Capital Markets Event 2010 Africa Middle East crisis resistant & remaining at high level; Reduction in Net Sales due to deconsolidations Africa Middle East Net Sales, operating ... Capacity expansion program pursued, acquisition opportunities seized • We are stronger than before the crisis, thanks to our Highly passionate people committed to perform Modern asset base Sound financing...

Ngày tải lên: 30/07/2014, 21:32