targeting of viral vectors for cancer gene therapy

... The development and use of viral vector systems for cancer gene therapy (A) Retroviral vector systems Murine Moloney leukaemia virus (MoMLV)-based retroviral vector is one of the earliest systems ... centrifugation (B) Adenoviral vector (AV) Adenovirus vector is the most commonly studied and most widely used system in cancer gene therapy They are of particular utility for cancer gene therapy applications, ... Anti-angiogenesis gene therapy One of the features of the malignant tumours was the increased vasculature Therefore, targeting tumour vasculature rather than the tumour cell itself as a treatment for cancer...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 19:22

... Packaging of amplicon viral vectors 3.3.10 Analysis of cell cycle-dependent transgene expression in pC8-36 amplicon viral vectors 3.3.11 Effect of transduction of viral vector on the cell cycle profile ... (Castro et al., 2003a) 1.3.2 Gene therapy of gliomas One of the formidable tasks of intracranial gene delivery is the difficulty in achieving gene delivery to > % of the tumor mass It would be ... by the introduction of apoptotic genes, thus increasing the chances of immune recognition of tumor antigens One of the commonly used tumor suppressor genes for the therapy of gliomas is p53, which...

Ngày tải lên: 16/09/2015, 15:54

... overview of the progress made by using different types of promoters and vectors for gene delivery to the CNS 1.1 Current progress in gene therapy Gene therapy, which usually refers to somatic gene therapy, ... used for gene therapy applications, and were rarely used for 12 Chapter Introduction gene delivery to the CNS because of their poor in vivo performance Non -viral and viral vectors are therefore ... applied for gene therapy for neurodegenerative diseases and possibly for malignant glioma tumors in the CNS X LIST OF FIGURES Fig 2.1 Schematics of the expression cassettes of the recombinant AAV vectors...

Ngày tải lên: 16/09/2015, 08:30

... 1.1.1.6.1 Gene therapy to inhibit pro-angiogenic pathways 12 1.1.1.6.2 Gene therapy to stimulate anti-angiogenic pathways 12 1.1.2 Gene carriers for cancer therapy 13 1.1.2.1 Viral vectors 13 ... relevance of stem cell vectors for cancer gene therapy 24 1.2.3 New reliable sources for therapeutic stem cells 26 1.3 Current mouse models in cancer research 28 1.3.1 Syngeneic models 28 1.3.2 Xenogeneic ... such as cancer 1.1.1 Gene therapy strategies for cancer treatment A large number of potential cancer gene therapies have been proposed and tested as reviewed below 1.1.1.1 Suicide gene therapy...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 10:08

... development, and use of viral vectors for gene transfer and gene therapy I would like to thank the many chapter authors for their contributions They are all experts in various aspects of viral vectors, and ... perspective in the use of viral vectors for applications in the brain and in the central nervous system Viral Vectors for Gene Therapy: Methods and Protocols contains step-by-step methods for successful ... shutdown of host protein synthesis The importance of this observation is that nonessential genes may be deleted in the generation of gene therapy vectors, allowing the insertion of exogenous genetic...

Ngày tải lên: 11/04/2014, 10:39

... based on expression of ISGs Those phenotypes might be important for the resistance to possible introduction of genes using viral vectors or for the resistance to oncolytic gene therapy We believe ... antiviral state phenotype is stable Since most of those genes are expressed only during viral infection in non cancer patients, this observation makes some of the product of those inducible genes, ... affect treatment of cancer with viral vectors or with immunotherapy It remains to be elucidated why these two phenotypes exist One possibility is that the cancer cells bearing the “anti -viral state...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... potential of retroviral vectors From the known mechanisms of retroviral pathogenesis discussed above the most obvious pathogenic potential of retroviral vectors is (i) the production of a replication ... further efforts need to be made to assess and reduce the rate of transfer of retroviral genes Oncogene capture The mechanism of oncogene capture appears to be dependent on the generation of a chimeric ... as vectors for gene therapy [11,12] The principal feature of the retroviral life cycle that is of interest is the ability of the retrovirus to copy its RNA genome into a double-stranded DNA form...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 19:22

... 1.1.2 Glioma therapy: current status and challenges 1.2 Glioma gene therapy 1.2.1 Viral vectors 1.2.2 Chemical vectors 1.2.3 Cellular vectors 10 1.3 Stem cell based glioma gene therapy 1.3.1 ... Advantages of neural stem cell vectors in glioma gene therapy The infiltrative nature of glioma has led to the failure of viral and chemical vectors in clinical trials Because the distribution of these ... 18 1.3.4 Mechanism of glioma tropism 19 1.3.5 Advantages of neural stem cell vectors in glioma gene 20 therapy 1.3.6 Stem cell based glioma gene therapy 1.3.6.1 Therapeutic genes 22 22 1.3.6.1.1...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 09:00

... efficiency of non -viral gene delivery remains a critical drawback of the system On the other hand, viral gene delivery systems are favoured because of the high efficiency of infective viral vectors ... Characterization of Baculovirus Particles…………141 5.1.2 Genetic Engineering of Baculovirus Vectors for Controlled Gene Expression……………………………………………………… 142 5.1.3 Surface Modifications of Baculovirus Vectors for ... treatment for these difficult diseases 1.1.1 Gene Therapy The main concept of gene therapy is to use genetic materials to replace or restore function of the missing, abnormal or malfunctioning gene...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 11:28

... in-vivo 13    1.4 Vectors for Gene Therapy Vectors which are used to carry the transgene into the tumour cells can be viral or non -viral in nature Viral vectors used in gene therapy can be replicative ... gene therapy As gene therapy for GBM is localised there is minimum risk of systemic toxicity (Pulkkanen and Yla-Herttuala, 2005) Gene therapy is the transfer of exogenous genes, called transgenes, ... of senescence The use of the promoter of human telomerase reverse transcriptase gene (hTERT) for cancer therapy is attractive as it can be used to target therapeutic genes to a wide variety of...

Ngày tải lên: 22/10/2015, 21:20

... pSM155 and pSM30 vectors generate efficient knockdown of target proteins To examine the efficiency of generation of RNAi for pSM155 and pSM30, we examined the knockdown of expression of firefly Luciferase ... the targeting vectors The terminal regions of the arms of the miR155 (A) and miR30 (B) vectors are shaded, and their stems designed to be replaced by artificial miRNA sequences directed against genes ... efficiency for the downstream ORF in unprocessed pri-miRNAs However, expression of the marker (regardless of the placement location) could only occur at the expense of failure of cleavage of primiRNA...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 11:20

... entries of a ring codebook satisfy d(wn , e1 ) = γ0 for n = 0, 1, , Nl − Lemma The first nonroot entry of the vectors of a ring codebook can be chosen to be equal to − γ0 without loss of generality ... highresolution quantization of beamforming vectors in multiuser MIMO beamforming systems We discussed several criteria for designing local codebooks and presented a number of constructions for two and four ... hu / hu and the entries of the codebook Under the zero-forcing criterion, the transmit beamforming vectors fu is computed from normalized columns of the pseudo inverse † of the effective channel...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 20:20

... ANOVA, mean age + SD: 68.4 + 6.3 for LCNEC, 69.8 + 6.8 for SCLC, and 62.8 + 7.7 for LCC) and the number of male accounts for over 80% for all groups The majority of patients remained at stages ... spectral counts of each group (p = 0.248 by ANOVA; mean counts + SD: 1916 + 571 for LCNEC, 1879 + 457 for SCLC, 2491 + 645 for LCC) Next, the values of Rsc that is a measure of fold changes for protein ... G-test; the exact p-values for LCNEC vs SCLC were 3.40 × 10-4 for AL1A1, 5.53 × 10-10 for AK1C1, 2.27 × 10-10 for AK1C3, and 0.012 for CD44 The G-test analyses of three cancer group pairs (LCNEC...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 09:22

... http://www.virologyj.com/content/7/1/130 Page of Table 1: Summary of sequence analysis and mean genetic distance Region Geno-type Responder group # of sequences # of variable sites Mean Genetic Distance within group Mean genetic ... verified as signatures Page of for diagnosis, prognosis, and response to treatment for several pathogens and cancer In this work, we apply a novel bioinformatics approach for signature extraction, ... classification modelling in the study of response to IFN based treatment for HCV has not been done before Our workflow for finding markers for response to IFN is composed of sequence collection and sorting,...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 04:20

... -atcgAGCCGCCACC ATG- HSA -gene -gccttCACC ATG- 59 bp 49 bp -tggaattccCC ATG- Exon1 IntronA HSA -gene 39 bp -tggaattccCC ATG- HSA -gene HSA -gene HSA -gene HSA -gene HSA -gene Figure format of the vectors used in ... Expression of HSA gene on different vectors in COS-7 cells Expression of HSA gene on different vectors in COS-7 cells COS-7 cells were transfected with HSA vectors using Lipofectamine 2000, cultured for ... first intron from the IE1 gene (intron A) [18-20] Methods 2.1 Construction and purification of vectors Origin and modification of vectors is shown in table and figure The HSA gene (1822 nucleotides,...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 18:22

... number of ways [1] For example, the host range of retroviral vectors including that of lentiviral vectors can be expanded or altered by a process known as pseudotyping Pseudotyped retroviral vectors ... Engineering targeted viral vectors for gene therapy Nat Rev Genet 2007, 8:573-587 Cronin J, Zhang XY, Reiser J: Altering the tropism of lentiviral vectors through pseudotyping Curr Gene Ther 2005, ... Verhoeyen E: Strategies for targeting lentiviral vectors Curr Gene Ther 2008, 8:449-460 Morizono K, Bristol G, Xie YM, Kung SK, Chen IS: Antibody-directed targeting of retroviral vectors via cell surface...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 23:22

... transduction efficiency of lentivectors was only 87.9% for 293T cells, 77.1% for NIH 3T3 cells, and 63.9% for 293 cells for the same volume of vector (Fig 3A) When a third generation of lentiviral vector ... field of gene therapy where viral vectors are used for gene transfer, MOI was adopted to represent the ratio of input infectious units (titrated on the target cell line) to the number of cells ... series of experiments with lentiviral vectors indicated some fundamental differences in the processes of the transduction pathways of MoMLV based retroviral vectors and lentivirally derived vectors...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 19:22

... radiotherapy, immunotherapy, anti-angiogenesis therapy, gene therapy, and photodynamic therapy, and usually, the combination of those therapies 2.2.1 Surgery Surgery is the oldest form of cancer ... anticancer drugs like docetaxel, which is a potent drug used in the treatment of a wide spectrum of cancers like breast cancer, ovarian cancer, small and non-small cell lung cancer, prostate cancer, ... performance, for cancer treatment with multiple functions, especially for breast cancer after Stage The focus lies on the modification of surface properties of the NPs to achieve the purpose of...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 15:49

... the possibility of improving the efficacy of paclitaxel based anticancer therapy A great deal of effort is being directed towards the development of aqueous based formulations for paclitaxel, ... Significance of Study CHAPTER LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Cancer and Cancer Treatment 2.1.1 What is cancer? 2.1.2 How to treat cancer? 2.1.3 Chemotherapy and anti -cancer drugs 2.2 Paclitaxel and chemotherapy ... paclitaxel 2.2.2 Anticancer mechanism of paclitaxel Paclitaxel, a prototype for a new class of anticancer drugs, has a unique way of preventing the growth and separation of cancer cells: it promotes...

Ngày tải lên: 15/09/2015, 17:08

... particular case of Epo, an accurate level of transgene expression is required for safety reasons Temporal control systems of transgene expression have already been used in gene therapy preclinical ... frequency of Hz, using plate electrodes and generator BTX ECM 830 (Genetronics™), as previously described [20] Page of (page number not for citation purposes) Genetic Vaccines and Therapy 2008, ... Dang D, Mouvault JM, Scherman D, Mayaux JF, Crouzet J: pCOR: a new design of plasmid vectors for nonviral gene therapy Gene Ther 1999, 6(8):1482-1488 Kreiss P, Bettan M, Crouzet J, Scherman D:...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 19:22