... 3.6. MICROCELLULAR GSM NETWORK
183
frequency hopping and DTX on system performance, and the role of sectorisation.
3.6 Microcellular GSM Network
High densities of teletraffic ... start-up phase. Systems
having the luxury of wide bandwidth allocation, such as GSM1 800 (i.e. DCS1800) and
some GSM1 900 (i.e. PCS1900) systems, may have up to 10 carriers per sector if there
is ... BS.
154
CHAPTER 3. CAPACITY OF GSM SYSTEMS
parameters, e.g. DTX and FH, used in the macrocellular analysis apply. After calculating
the SIR the capacity of the microcellular GSM network is computed....
... schemes are different for
416
CHAPTER 6. EVOLUTION OF GSM AND CDMAONE TO 3G SYSTEMS
Application
IP/X.25
SNDCP
LLC
GSM RF
MAC
RLC
MS
Um
Relay
RLC
MAC
GSM RF
BSSGP
Network
Services
L1 bis
Relay
SNDCP
LCC
BSSGP
Network
Services
L1 ... became
GSM, and a brief history of GSM has already been provided in Section 2.1. The Europeans
have a long view in cellular radio and in 1988 they launched their RACE 1043 project with
404
GSM, ... (Single Carrier). This is essentially a particular manifestation of GSM Phase
2+, known as EDGE, standing for Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution.
IMT FT (Frequency Time). This is the digitally...
... actual GSM world was quite minimal: Due to the late
timeframe, O&M systems unaffected by the new standards were largely up and running
throughout the GSM world.
18.4 The Elaboration of the GSM ... operators.
There was another reason why O&M gained more attention as GSM started growing. The
analogue networks existing before GSM were quite small and not much effort was required
for monitoring ... O&M staff. But the larger GSM networks soon had thousands of base stations, all
of which sent out alarms, created performance data and needed configuration.
GSM and UMTS: The Creation of Global...
... the ETSI secretariat.
GSM and UMTS: The Creation of Global Mobile Communication458
19.2.1 Consolidation of GSM Phase 1
In the years 1989–1992, the main focus of activities in GSM and PT12 was the ... Introduction of GSM Phase 2
The need to introduce GSM in phases had already been recognized before 1990. Some
features had been deferred rather early to phase 2, for example:
GSM and UMTS: The ... period, GSM grow up with breathtaking speed, in terms of users, of countries to introduce
GSM, of networks, of variety of services offered to the users and of applicable frequency
bands, and the GSM...
... consistent.
GSM and UMTS: The Creation of Global Mobile Communication470
14
See TDoc GSM 222/88.
15
See TDoc GSM 482/89 rev2.
16
Cf. for example TDoc GSM 222/88 and TDoc GSM 227/88 at GSM# 20.
17
See ... that a
coordinating committee should be established. Cf. also TDoc GSM 51/87, TDoc GSM 107/87, TDoc GSM 96/88,
TDoc GSM 222/88 and GSM# 21 Report, Section 8.
... change specifications:
†
GSM# 20 agreed that consolidations of the GSM specifications were to be carried out only
by means of the CR procedure.
†
GSM# 21 defined four CR categories.
†
GSM# 27 clarified that...
... the GSM MoU was the development and globalisation of
GSM, incorporating not only GSM 900 but also DCS 1800 and PCS 1900 operation. GSM
was still in its operational infancy, so why did the GSM ... players/
Chapter 21: The Contribution of the GSM Association to the Building of GSM and UMTS 527
Chapter 21: The Contribution of
the GSM Association to the
Building of GSM and UMTS
Section 7: The Third ... is:
†
Licensed mobile network operators committed to building and implementing GSM based
systems. This includes GSM 900, GSM 1800, GSM 1900, 3G network operators and
satellite operators.
†
Government regulators/administrations...
... global
GSM/ UMTS communications. Venezuela, with GSM in 900 MHz, is considering the possi-
bility of deploying GSM1 .8 GHz in combination with the IMT2000 core-band/UMTS.
So the wide adoption of GSM ... energetic construction and expansion of GSM networks. Every GSM MoU
signatory had an operational GSM network in mid-1994. In Western Europe the number of
GSM subscribers passed the number of analogue ... 2.2 million GSM users by the end of 2000.
GSM and UMTS: The Creation of Global Mobile Communication534
Table 22.1.2 Large GSM networks in Middle/Eastern Europe
Country Start of 2 GSM
operators
Users...
... global
acceptance of GSM. The very fast evolution of GSM even towards third generation (UMTS)
made GSM/ UMTS the most future proof solution world-wide leading to a market share of
69%.
23.3 GSM s Superior ... hand-helds.
GSM s superior security and anti-fraud measures protect the users privacy and the oper-
ator’s revenue. GSM is an open standard, that is not dominated by the IPR of a single
manufacturer. GSM ... this a
superior set of toolkits for service creation was defined. GSM is the only system allowing
a global roaming to all continents.
GSM offers an unmatched voice quality due to the basic high quality...
... code symbols for the next block. This is in contrast to the convolutional
encoding schemes used in GSM and on the cdmaOne traffic channel which use encoder tail
246
CHAPTER 4. THE CDMAONE SYSTEM
c ... BSs for han-
dover and, in this respect, the pilot signal is similar to the BCCH carrier in the GSM system.
The MS also uses the pilot channel to estimate what reverse transmitter power it should ... important to note that the cdmaOne system is basically an air-interface standard, in
contrast to the GSM system which is specified up to the network gateway.
4.2 The cdmaOne Radio Interface
4.2.1 Operating...
... August 2000, the GSM MoU
had 394 members which operated GSM networks in 150 countries (see Figure 1.2).
Figure 1.2 illustrates the impressive growth in the number of GSM networks and GSM
subscribers. ... Afterward, GSM
has also been introduced in Brunei, Cameroon, Iran, South Africa, Syria, Thailand, USA
and United Arab Emirates. Whereas the majority of the GSM networks operate in the 900
MHz band (GSM9 00), ... numbers can be obtained from the Web page of the GSM
Association at http://www.gsmworld.com.
All of these networks have implemented Phase 1 of the GSM standard, or the later de®ned
PCN/PCS version...
... radio network has only a relatively
small number of speech channels available. For example, the GSM system has an alloca-
tion of 25 MHz bandwidth in the 900 MHz frequency range, which amounts ... that the received power decreases much
2
Figure 2.1: Simpli®ed two-path model of radio propagation
GSM Switching, Services and Protocols: Second Edition. Jo
È
rg Eberspa
È
cher,
Hans-Jo
È
rg Vo
È
gel ... multicarrier systems (not to be confused
with multicarrier modulation). The pan-European digital system GSM employs such a
combination of FDMA and TDMA; it is a multicarrier TDMA system. A frequency range
of...
... installed GSM network can
again be subdivided into three subnetworks: the radio network,the mobile switching
network,and the management network [21]. These subnetworks are called subsystems
in the GSM ... Interfaces
45
Figure 3.11: Con®guration of a GSM PLMN with a VLR for each MSC
3.3.4.2 User Authentication and Equipment Registration
Two additional databases are de®ned in GSM besides the HLR and VLR. They ... Data in GSM
Besides data of the address type,which is the most important subscriber data of any
communication network,a whole series of other service- and contract-speci®c data exists
in GSM networks....