systems in photonic applications

... within the averaging volume, the situation at t = t 2 in Fig. 4 is reached from the beginning (t = t 0 ). Thus, at each point in the wetting phase and at each point in the non-wetting phase within ... is understood within certain set of length scale constraints. These length scale constraints were introduced for proper upscaling based on the pioneering work of several researchers including (Whitaker, ... 2011 Printed in India A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechweb.org Mass Transfer in Multiphase Systems...

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... (2005). Autogenous shrinkage, residual stress and cracking in cementitious composites: the in uence of internal and external restraint. Proceedings of 4th International Research Seminar Self-Desiccation ... analogous equations in the following sections) into the integral form, able to include boundary conditions in a simple way. Let ∂Ω be the boundary of a domain Ω in R 3 . Let us introduce the additional ... large inelastic strains. In: Erwin Stein Award ’2001, International Center for Computational Engineering Sciences (Universit ¨ at Hannover), 42 pp. Sanavia, L., Schrefler, B. A. & Steinmann, P. (2002)....

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... С d = 10% in the inclined layer, 1.2mm thick. Angle of inclination α = 9°. t, sec: 1 (а), 4 (b), 15 (c), 35 (d), 62 (e), 111 (f) Since our interest in dissolution of a drop in a thin horizontal ... during their movement in the system, collide and interact with the gas–liquid interface and, in consequence, the gas bubbles break into smaller ones causing an increase in interfacial area (Kiełbus-Rapała ... Transfer in Multiphase Systems and its Applications 70 series of interferograms of the concentration field generated around a dissolving drop of the mixture containing surfactant is shown in Fig....

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... transducing part, the strain generated during operation in a copper alloy coupling having four strain gauges is recorded continuously. In the impeller displacement transducing part, a switching ... computed using a δ ∇Φδ Ψ∇ ∇Ψ Φ Φ ΦΦΦ Φ Φ 146 Mass Transfer in Multiphase Systems and its Applications Mass Transfer in Multiphase Systems and its Applications 138 major interest in many industrial ... been developed in order to determine the factors involved in the modeling of flotation kinetics and excellent reviews have been produced establishing the state of the art in the domain, (Tuetja...

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... inlet temperature are examined. It was found that an increase in the angle of inclination results in thinner and faster moving liquid films. The authors show that, increasing airflow Reynolds number ... Gas-Liquid Contacting Systems Toward a Multiphase Local Approach in the Modeling of Flotation and Mass Transfer in Gas-Liquid Contacting Systems 153 Fundamentals and Engineering Concepts for ... in the Modeling of Flotation and Mass Transfer in Gas-Liquid Contacting Systems 151 responsible of the near-wall void fraction peaking while in downward flow, the lift force action is inverted...

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... flow of continuous phase increases too much; - The flooding due to the contaminants at the interface creating instability of the interface of even inversion of the phases. According to authors ... (y) in the flow entering (1) or exiting (2) the column. x e , y e are the solute concentrations in raffinate and in the extract respectivelly, in equilibrium conditions in every point along ... There are three main mechanisms of flooding: - The phase inversion provoked by the excessive increasing of dispersed phase flow; - The entrainment of the drops in the continuous phase when...

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... starting reactants. After that, within a certain milling time depending on the energy input to the comminuting device, which is characterized by the ball acceleration reaching 60-80g in modern industrial-scale ... Modeling Enhanced Diffusion Mass Transfer in Metals during Mechanical Alloying 241 and the role of grain boundary sliding, which corresponds to the remaining 10%, decreases with strain. This ... point defects was not included. Besides, the whole processing time of powders in a milling device was considered as the time of diffusion (from 1 h in (Rabkin & Estrin, 1998) to 50 h in...

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... be applied into semiconductor drying, artificial rainfall, and mass transfer enhancement for engineering and scientific technology. Since the effective area can be increased by interfacial ... section of between real line and dotted line can be regarded as a cellular convection in the interface. Since the concentration in the thinner region is higher than that in the thicker region, ... transferring from liquid A to interface, the disturbance induced by transferring solute from interface to liquid B will be opposite to that transferring from liquid A to interface. Therefore, the interfacial...

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... growing alumina scale. This was done by oxidizing alumina-forming alloys in a 16 O 2 atmosphere, further oxidizing them in 18 O 2 and then determining the 18 O distribution in the alumina ... concerning the phenomena involved in high temperature pressing of paper, including impulse drying, has increased tremendously over the years, modelling and simulation of the process must me continued. ... thus takes into account the flow resistance of the intra-fibre water, something not done in Mass Transfer in Multiphase Systems and its Applications 346 Alumina-forming alloys contain small...

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... aluminum increases for both undoped and lutetia-doped alumina. Increasing the doping level to 0.2 mol% lutetia causes an approximately three times reduction in g b D δ , while maintaining ... depend on the holding time at 1323K. As shown in Fig. 6(c), when P O2 during the temperature increase in the oxidation treatment is reduced in the manner indicated by line (B) in Fig. 5, concentrations ... the P O2 indicated by line (A) in Fig. 5. The lower P O2 during the temperature increase in the oxidation treatment is, the lower surface Mass Transfer in Multiphase Systems and its Applications...

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... size. The increase in interfacial area with increasing pressure depends partly on the relative extent to which the gas holdup increases with increasing pressure and partly on the decrease in bubble ... Wake Dynamics in Liquids and Liquid − Solid Suspensions , Butterworth−Heinemann Series in Chemical Engineering, Stoneham, U.S.A. Mass Transfer in Multiphase Systems and its Applications ... of mass transfer in bubble wakes and are only helpful in understanding internal circulation within the bubble. The mass-transfer properties of bubble swarms in liquids determine the efficiency...

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... example, engine internal processes are usually studied by means of exergy balances based on engine indicating data, which provides information about the impact of biodiesel blending on the amount ... filtering of C-containing species) and chemical (reaction kinetics) processes during hydrocarbon- selective catalytic reduction over powders compared to monoliths leads to better initial Influence ... boiling point of methanol, followed by settling and washing. This type of process represents the most investigated area of research in the field of base-catalyzed biodiesel production kinetics...

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