sustainable land management practices for graziers

Tài liệu Opportunities to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions through Materials and Land Management Practices docx

... T on =Timeperiodoftransition,defaultis1yearforcarbonlosses AlthoughthisequationissimilartotheequationusedtoestimatecarbonlossesinDOM(seebelow),it isnotinaccordancewiththe2006IPCCGuidelines.Theguidelinesrecommendagreaterdegreeof disaggregationoflandusedatabyclimateandsoiltype.Theequationaboverepresentsa simplificationofthevariabilityofcarboncontentsinsoilthatexistsonregionalandnationalscales.The soilcarbonstockfortheoldlandusecategory(Cs o )wasbasedoninformationfordifferentecosystem typespresentedinthe2000IPCCreportonLandUse,LanduseChange,andForestry. 117 Thesoil carbonstockforthenewlandusecategoryofsettlements(Cs n )wasbasedonafractionofCs o .For forestlandandgrassland,thefractionwas0.5andforcropland,thefractionwas0.8.GuoandGifford (2002)observedthatlandusechangesofforestlandtocroplandandpasturelandtocroplandresulted insoilcarbondecreasesof42%and59%,respectively. 118 Theestimateforthisprojectassumesthat theconversionofforestlandorgrasslandtourbanlandisequivalenttoaconversiontocropland(bo removeexistingvegetationandcausesignificantsoildisturbance);therefore,GuoandGiffordswork supportsthiseffortsestimationofa50%lossassociatedwiththisconversion.Itisestimatedthatsoils underforestsorgrasslandswillloseapproximately50%oftheoriginalorganiccarbonwhenthelandis convertedtodevelopedland.Theselossesareaconsequenceofboththeremovalofsurfacesoils(to providesuitablebuildingfoundation)andnaturaloxidationwhenthesoilisgradedfollowingremoval ofthevegetativecover.Lossesfromcroplandsareonlyexpectedtobe20%becausethesesoilsalready undergoperiodictillageandthemajorityofnaturaloxidationwillalreadyhaveoccurred.Aliterature reviewforthisprojectdidnotidentifyotherstudiescomparabletoGuoandGifford(2002)that estimatedsoilcarbonlossesassociatedwithconvertingcroplandtourbanland.Therefore,the20%soil carbonlossestimatefordevelopmentofcroplandintourbanlandisbasedonbestprofessional judgment. th ...  Carbondioxide(CO 2 )isabsorbedby land andvegetationthroughtheprocessofphotosynthesis.The netemissionsarenegative(sequestration)andsubstantial,offsettingapproximately884MMTCO 2 E,or approximately13%oftotalemissionsin2006. 114 Thecarbonsequestrationandstorageprovidedby land canbepreservedthough sustainable land management practices, andcanbeenhancedby restorationof land, suchasreforestationofcontaminated land.   Theemissionsestimate for the land basedcarbonsinkisgivenbytheInventory.Specifically,Chapter7, Land Use, Land UseChange,andForestry,providesanassessmentofthenetGHGfluxresultingfrom theusesandchangesin land typesandforestsintheU.S.,includingnetemissionsfromforestland remainingforestland,croplandremainingcropland, land convertedtocropland,grasslandremaining grassland, land convertedtograssland,settlementsremainingsettlements,landfillyardtrimmings,and ... September2009 Keyassumptionsbasedonthe2006IPCCGuidelinesarethat for aTier1approach,C n for developed land iszero.The2006IPCCGuidelinesprovideestimates for deadwood/litter(C o ) for forest land only. For other land classes,theestimates for C o iszero.Theestimates for A on arebasedonthesame informationused for thebiomasspool.  ThecarbonemissionsattributabletogreenfielddevelopmentshowninTable13representanestimate oftheaggregatefromcropland,grassland,andforestlandconversion.However,themagnitudeof impactsfromgreenfielddevelopmentvaryasaconsequenceofthedegreeofdisturbanceofthe above‐andbelow‐groundcarbonpoolsandthelocationofimpact(e.g.,originalcarboncontentofthe soilandbiomass,whichvariesbyecoregion).Thecurrentanalysisestimatesthat land useconversion resultsinaggregatelossesofapproximately25%,50%,and70%oftheestimatedterrestrialcarbon poolofcropland,grassland,andforestland,respectively.  BUILDINGHVACANDLIGHTING  Table...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 12:20

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Tài liệu Urban Forestry Best Management Practices for Public Works Managers Urban Forest Management Plan docx

... Urban Forest Management Plan Urban Forestry Best Management Practices for Public Works Managers 14 Urban Forestry Best Management Practices for Public Works Managers: Urban Forest Management ... operations. Urban Forestry Best Management Practices for Public Works Managers: Urban Forest Management Plan Tree Risk Reduction Plan/ Emergency Storm Response Plan I Urban Forest Management Plan Urban Forestry ... Education 14 Urban Forest Cost/Beneﬁt Analysis 15 Urban Forest Management Plan Summary 17 For More Information 19 Thank You 21 Contents II 3 Urban Forestry Best Management Practices for Public Works...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 12:20

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Better management practices for seaweed farming (Eucheuma and Kappaphycus)

...  6HHGOLQJ &RQFUHWHDQFKRU 5RSH IORDW                        )LJ7XPERWXPER                       )LJ5DIW 6W\URIRDP%DOO %DPERR 3ROH 3(5RSH PP 3(5RSH 6HDZHHG FXWWLQJV 3(1HW[.[ 0' $QFKRU Better Management Practices for Seaweed Farming Eucheuma and Kappaphycus Prepared by the Philippines National Team Nemencio...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 10:26

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Better Management Practices for Striped (Tra) Catfish Farming in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam

... income e.g. as fertiliser for rice crops, gardens or landfill for planting grass for animal husbandry. Step 2: Ploughing Ponds located inland and/or on high ground may dry easily. On removal ... grow-out feeds available for tra catfish in the Delta include predominantly three basic types: ã feeds for 14-150 g range stock ã feeds for 20-200 g range stock ã feeds for over 500g stock Table ... obtain a healthy environment for growth of stock, and therefore attaining better overall productivity. 11 PART A. GENERAL BACKGROUND TO BETTER MANAGEMENT PRACTICES 16 rather than...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 11:17

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Sustainable Land Management (SLM) Technologies and Approaches pot

... gulley formation, and potential landslides. Land use Climate Degradation Conservation measure Extensive grazing land Grazing land: Extensive grazing land (before) Forests / woodlands: ... of land degradation, rehabilitation / reclamation of denuded land Origin: Externally - recent (<10 years ago) Land use: Grazing land: Extensive grazing land (before), Forests / woodlands: ... 2% - 3% Land ownership: state Land use rights: leased (The land belongs to the state and the land users rented this plot.) Water use rights: (The land belongs to the state and the land users...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 08:21

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Best Management Practices for Trapping in the United States docx

... Single-strand cable Best Management Practices for Trapping in the United States Restraining Devices All types of traps used on land to hold live animals were evaluated using five performance criteria: ... killing traps must meet different performance standards for animal welfare and safety. The animal welfare performance standard for killing traps set on land is that the trap must cause irreversible ... section for each BMP-designated trap. Practicality Traps should be practical for use in the field under trapline conditions. After a particular BMP trap test, each trapper was asked for information...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 18:20

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BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES FOR DAIRY GOAT FARMERS pptx

... basic information necessary for the development and management of a goat dairy. Managing Milking Does Chapter 2 Page 37 THE DRY DOE You will also need to develop a protocol for drying ... busy day forgotten or delayed. Have a regular cleaning schedule for the waterer. Goats prefer warmer water and will decrease water intake below 41 degrees F Animal comfort is a must for maximum ... doe information reviewed. 3. Fresh Doe Basics. 4. Feed nutritionist balance ration 5. Forage samples 6. Animal Comfort 7. Quality Milk Production 8. Proper Milking Procedure 9. SCC information...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 22:20

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