studying cell signal transduction with biomimetic point mutations

... membrane domain for TCR signal transduction Results BCh binds to a subpopulation of membranes in lipid raft fractions of Jurkat cells Jurkat cells incubated with BCh were treated with 1% (v ⁄ v) Triton ... contain raft-marker proteins and some T -cell signalling molecules Fig BCh binds to lipid rafts in Jurkat cells BCh-bound Jurkat cells (1 · 107) were treated with 1% Triton X-100, homogenized, and ... associated with BCh-isolated membrane domain Our study sug5459 Two raft subsets in T-cells Fig Recruitment of signalling molecules to BCh-bound membranes upon T -cell stimulation Jurkat cells were...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 03:20

... lanes were loaded with mg of bacterial protein prepared as described in Cytochrome P450 extraction The arrow points to the CYP6A2 specific signal, the star indicates unspecific signal observed in ... [33,36] Three point mutations (R335S, L336V and V476L) have been found in the variant of CYP6A2 from this dithiothreitol-resistant strain and preliminary studies suggested an effect of these mutations ... the effect of these mutations on CYP6A2 function The structure of CYP102A1 that is the closest known P450 structure to CYP6A2 was used to infer positional information on the mutations Experimental...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 12:20

... L-MAT cells treated with TCDD (by 905 PKCh in TCDD-induced signaling for apoptosis S Ahmed et al Fig Morphological alterations in chromatin L-MAT cells were treated with solvent only (Cont), with ... L-MAT cells transfected with empty pMACSKK.II (A3,4) L-MAT cells transfected with DN PKCh-FLAG ⁄ pMACSKK.II DNA (B) Over-expression of DN-PKCh suppressed TCDD-induced L-MAT cell apoptosis L-MAT cells ... 5% CO2 Then, the cells were collected and washed once with NaCl ⁄ Pi First, · 107 cells without any TCDD treatment were collected as a control Then, at each time -point, · 107 cells were incubated...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 13:20

... at ouabain as a signal- transducer Experiments pointing to a pivotal role of ouabain in signal- transduction In the following, more details are discussed concerning the experiments with ouabain that ... interacted with target genes initiating growth and differentiation Lowering of the extracellular [K+] did not mimic ouabain in renal epithelial cells as [Ca2+]i did not change with low extracellular ... explanation to an apparent signal- transduction role could be a local rise in [Na+]i resulting in reduced Na+/Ca2+exchange locally Cellular compartments with larger changes in intracellular Na+ and Ca2+...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 17:21

... Autophagy Fig Signalling to DAPK DAPK plays an important role in a diverse range of signal transduction pathways The biological outcome of DAPK activity depends on the input signal and includes cell growth, ... energy source maintaining cell survival, it has been proposed that autophagy can contribute to cell death in a process DAPK and signal transduction termed autophagic (type II) cell death Disturbance ... shown to participate in cell death in response to various cytokine signals, including IFN-cinduced cell death [2], TNF-a and FAS-induced cell death [48], and TGF-b-induced cell death [10] There...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 08:20

... intracellular content or deplete cellular DNA [47], or that blebbing may be a way of shedding membrane to attract macrophages to the site of cell death [61] or signal extrusion by neighbouring cells ... needed for mixing intracellular content, death without blebbing may just be slower Second, if blebs were a signal to neighbouring cells, their presence during autophagic cell death would appear ... examined in blebs of cells undergoing cell death Although the proteins involved in the execution of blebbing appear similar in apoptotic and autophagic cell death, the upstream signals that lead...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 08:20

... of infected cells and leukemogenesis because of its pleiotropic effects [23] Tax modulates the transcription of an array of cellular genes through various cellular transcriptional signaling proteins ... LTR motifs associated with provirus transcriptional up-regulation were inspected and[SSS2] were all found similar to a wild-type genotype with few scattered natural point mutations (Figure 1) ... expression and activation of the Tax gene in HTLV-1-infected T cells with or without the G232A mutation Previous reports have shown that mutations that abolish Tax effects are all localized in the...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 18:20

... mutant cell lines with antagonistic effects of vemurafenib combined with metformin As with the BRAFV600E mutant cell lines, effects on pACC followed the effects of single agent metformin with little ... analysis of two cell lines with synergy with the combination To analyze the phospho-protein signaling events triggered by exposure to vemurafenib and metformin, cell lines were treated with DMSO, ... fashion, with an effect less pronounced in the naturally resistant M308 cell line (Figure 2b) There was no cell cycle arrest in the acquired resistant M249-AR4 cell line, consistent with the...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... rearrangement This can either be a single -point mutation, or if all single -point mutations are silent mutations, the least amount of consecutive nucleotide single -point mutations that will cause a structural ... features in Step (2) for each one of the (N × 3)2 double -point mutations, then (N × 3)3 triple -point mutations, , (N × 3)m m -point mutations, as necessary (see stopping criterion in next step) ... prediction results with known point mutations that inactivate spectinomycin resistance in bacteria, obtained by a selection experiment [22] Comparison of predicted mutations with the ones found...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 23:20

... indicate p < 0.05 compared with respective control cells without activation with TNF-α (TNF-α (-)) ICAM, intercellular adhesion molecule; ns, not significant; VCAM, vascular cell adhesion molecule; ... infected with AddnIκB (7,500 vp /cell) , AdLacZ (7,500 vp /cell) and AddnIκB-PEG-RGD at different amounts of vp /cell as described After another 24 hours of culturing, cells were activated with 100 ... 0.05 compared with respective control cells without activation with TNFα (TNF-α (-)) ICAM, intercellular adhesion molecule; nd, not detectable; ns, not significant; VCAM, vascular cell adhesion...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 07:20

... in association with a slight activation of the cell death receptor signaling In addition, ethanol also phosphorylated protein kinases belonging to signal transduction pathways with an anti-apoptotic ... target for the treatment of human hepatocellular carcinoma Methods Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells HepG2 cells, derived from human hepatocellular carcinoma (obtained from Deutsches ... hepatocytes derived cell lines [34, 35] Studies performed in T cells have demonstrated Int J Med Sci 2006, that the NFκB signaling pathway mediates cell growth and protection against apoptotic cell death...

Ngày tải lên: 31/10/2012, 15:37

... Discrete Signal The Ramp Discrete Signal The Real Exponential Discrete Signal .7 The Sinusoidal Discrete Signal The Exponentially Modulated Sinusoidal Signal ... Discrete Signals 28 1.20 Bounded and Unbounded Discrete Signals .30 1.21 Some Insights: Signals in the Real World .30 1.21.1 The Step Signal 31 1.21.2 The Impulse Signal ... of a discrete signal Signals can be continuous or discrete We will consider only one-dimensional discrete signals in this book A discrete signal is shown in Figure 1.1 Discrete signals are defined...

Ngày tải lên: 01/01/2014, 21:13

... floating -point errors using floating -point arithmetic Problem (paradox): rounding errors are due to floating -point arithmetic: how to estimate them using floating -point arithmetic? Starting point: ... Usual analysis: x being a point, T is of order o iff ∀x ∈ X, |T (x) − f (x)| = O(xo) Taylor models (using exact arithmetic) are of order o What happens with floating -point coefficients? Notion of ... using floating -point arithmetic Notations: ideal operations: usual symbols, floating -point or interval operations: circled symbols Multiplication by a scalar T = [bk , J] = c × T with T = [ai,...

Ngày tải lên: 12/01/2014, 21:47

... transient signals However, interpretation of the signal by the signal transduction network requires circuits that respond only to prolonged activation As pointed out by Deshaies & Ferrell [22], such signal ... enzyme upon a signal is delayed, but it is in-activated immediately after removal of the signal Such a delay element provides cells with units that neglect short fluctuations in signals, but transduce ... [17], in which the rise in the signal is delayed but the dropping signal is transduced immediately Finally, we analyse the effect of sequestration on a complex signal transduction cascade, the MAPK...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 07:20

... control of B cell antigen receptor signaling M Reth and Y Kulathu Institute for Biology III and Max-Planck-Institute for Immunobiology, Freiburg, Germany E-mail: reth@immunbio.mpg.de Signal transduction ... other signalling molecules thus facilitating their phosphorylation and the propagation of the BCR signal These studies, which are conducted in a novel signalling pathway reconstitution system with ... CD8 T cells, involving ERK, STAT5 and NF-kB signaling pathways, respectively 1.3 Rhythmic Signals: The Setting of Biological Time S1.3-1 An ultradian clock in yeast: metronome for intracellular...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 07:20

... inhibit ERK5 signaling (C) As cAMP levels decrease, the Epac1-mediated inhibition of ERK signaling is lost and mitogenic signaling favors cell growth (D) mAKAP assembles an oxygen-sensitive signaling ... repress the ERK5 activity associated with the mAKAP-signaling network [26] So why are so many enzymes brought together by mAKAP at the same point in the cell? One explanation is that these multienzyme ... GTP-binding protein, thereby creating a point of convergence between the cAMP and Rho signaling pathways [31] This anchored signaling complex interfaces with the cytoskeleton because AKAP-Lbc...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 22:21

... Mechanisms of TGF-beta signaling from cell membrane to the nucleus Cell 113, 685–700 Moustakas A, Souchelnytskyi S & Heldin CH (2001) Smad regulation in TGF-beta signal transduction J Cell Sci 114, 4359–4369 ... fibroblasts and epithelial cells [164] Moreover, in some cell types, endocytosis of TGFb receptors might not be interconnected with signaling, as observed in some studies However, TGFb signaling and small ... enhancing role in TGFb family signaling However, the magnitude and duration of the effect on the signaling output depend on the cell type Embryonic stem cells and differentiated cells of various types...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 01:20

... Upper panel: HEK293 cells expressing B2wt, B1YB2, B1KB2, or B1CB2 were labeled for 10 h with [32P]orthophosphate before stimulation with lM BK and lM DAK, respectively, for Cells were lysed and ... accumulation of B1wt and chimera HEK293 cells expressing the indicated receptor constructs were preincubated with 50 mM LiCl, and then with (stimulated) or without (unstimulated) lM DAK for 90 on ... chimeric B1 ⁄ B2 helix with a conserved V323 Chimeric receptors with a heterogeneous helix exhibited an identical effect on signaling as well as on internalization, i.e poor signaling was accompanied...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 16:20