structure and function of heart skeletal and smooth muscle

... involved in the functional vascular changes associated with lower birth weight Of the UC vessels, the vein is a classic source of both endothelial and smooth muscle cells (EC and SMC, respectively), ... hospital's review board UC arteries and vein endothelial and smooth muscle cell isolation A segment of the UC was clamped at both ends, severed and kept at 4°C for a maximum of 24 h in sterile Hank's Balance ... (excitation and emission filters of 530 and 616 nm, respectively) A standard cell suspension of every cell type was prepared in DPBS and kept at -80°C until use The growth fraction of exponentially...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 15:20

... overstimulation of the GM-CSF-system may function as an underlying trigger of adverse extracellular matrix remodeling and loss of functional texture These features may contribute to the destabilization of ... mRNA expression of collagenase (MMP1) and both gelatinases (MMP2 and MMP9) (CSx) compared with controls (ctrl) exceeding elastolysis and collagenolysis and thus a dramatic loss of structural integrity ... lamellae and collagenous matrix were degraded (Fig 3A) Foci of matrix deterioration in deeper medial areas collocated with clusters of inflammatory cells (Fig 3B and 3C) MMP1 (Fig 3D) and MMP9...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 09:22

... http://www.tbiomed.com/content/2/1/5 Figure Muscle and Smooth Muscle Cardiac Cardiac Muscle and Smooth Muscle Circuit diagram used for study of propagated repolarization in cardiac muscle and smooth muscle A: 5-cell chain ... rest, the resistance of K+ compared to Na+ (cardiac muscle) or Ca++ (smooth muscle) were set to give resting potentials (RPs) of -80 mV for cardiac muscle and -55 mV for smooth muscle During excitation, ... membranes of the intercalated disks of cardiac muscle [5,14,15], a requirement for the EF mechanism to work [1-5] We recently modeled propagation of APs of cardiac muscle and smooth muscle using...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 22:22

... Lipofectamine 2000 Lipofectamine PLUS Metafectene Lipofectin GenePORTER LipoGen Roche Invitrogen Invitrogen Biontex Invitrogen Gene Therapy Solutions Invivo and µg and µg 0.8 and 1.6 µg and µg and ... suspensions, × 105 and × 106cells per reaction Both the ratio and the survival Improvement of the delivery efficiency of genes into SMC and EC and the development and optimization of transfection ... Electroporation-facilitated delivery of plasmid DNA in skeletal muscle: plasmid dependence of muscle damage and effect of poloxamer 188 Mol Ther 2001, 4:407-15 Nikol S, Pelisek J, Engelmann MG, Rolland PH, Armeanu...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 19:22

... Likewise, the role of extracellular cADPR in modulating neurotransmission at the nerve smooth muscle junction remains to be determined In a number of smooth muscle tissues, the precursor of cADPR b-NAD+ ... rest and upon firing of action potentials, and serves as a neurotransmitter and a neuromodulator [12–16] CD38 is expressed exclusively on nerve terminals in some smooth muscle preparations [14], and ... spontaneous and EFSevoked release of ATP in the bladder are mediated differentially by CD38 Results Mechanisms of spontaneous and EFS-evoked release of ATP in bladder detrusor muscles from CD38+ ⁄ + and...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 23:20

... oxygenase (HO) is the rate-limiting enzyme of heme catabolism Three isoforms of HO have been identified: HO-1, HO-2, and HO-3 [7] HO-1 is an inducible isoform of HO, and its induction has been shown to ... breakdown of heme into iron, biliverdin, and carbon monoxide [9] Both biliverdin and carbon monoxide have been found to dilate the vasculature and to inhibit the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle ... expression in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) (vascular smooth muscle cells showing some differences from systemic vascular smooth muscle cells) If so, whether and how HO-1 induction further...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 10:20

... presence and absence of EDTA (Fig 1) The rate of oxidation was increased in the presence of the LPSs of both the smooth and rough E coli, but the rate of oxidation in the presence of the LPS of smooth ... fast phase of the reaction, but decreased the rate of the slow phase of oxidation in the presence of EDTA A comparison of rough and smooth LPSs of E coli and S minnesota in the presence of EDTA ... effects of the rough and smooth LPSs of E coli and S minnesota on the oxidation of Hb A0 in the presence of EDTA revealed that the oxidation of Hb A0 was somewhat faster in the presence of the smooth...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 10:20

... implications of the cycle of histone acetylation and deacetylation that accompanies cycles of transcription, and highlight the special significance of histone H4 lysine 16 acetylation Active chromatin and ... with binding of both MOF and Tip60 (equivalent to Esa1 in yeast NuA4) [124,130] However, in human cells depletion of MOF, but not Tip60, results in reduced global levels of AcH4-K16 and defective ... acetylation and deacetyla2192 tion, and transient recruitment of remodellers and transcription factors A cycle of transcription commences with the recruitment of transcription factors and co-factors...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 18:20

... domains of Spir-2 and PTPN13 were generated by RT-PCR and inserted into pEGFP-C1 and pGEX-4T-2 The N- and C-terminal regions of the v-KIND KIND2 and the MAP2 CD were generated by PCR and cloned ... series of GST-fused deletions of the CD2-1 region (Fig 3E) and examined the interactions between bacterially expressed proteins of these subregions (Fig S1C) and 1654 Fig Of all members of the ... stability and rearrangement of microtubules in neuronal dendrites [13–15] and is associated with some neurological and psychiatric disorders [16,17] However, the structure function relationship of...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 19:20

... patterns and processes at different levels of biological organization: from the life histories of individuals, to the structure and dynamics of populations and communities, to the fluxes and pools of ... University of Hertfordshire Body Size The Structure and Function of Aquatic Ecosystems Edited by ALAN G HILDREW School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, ... detected and the processes that appeared to be important, and (ii) to compare freshwater and marine ecosystems In Body Size: The Structure and Function of Aquatic Ecosystems, both those questions of...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 19:20

... representation of the structure of the PSI domain of barley prophytepsin [25] (N-terminal domain, blue; C-terminal domain, red) (C) Model structure of the PSI domain of cardosin A based on the crystal structure ... roles of plant APs References Davies, D.R (1990) The structure and function of the aspartic proteinases Annu Rev Biophys Biophys Chem 19, 189–215 Dunn, B.M (2002) Structure and mechanism of the ... isoforms by the excision of the prosegment and of most of the PSI [21] Conversely to what has been found in vivo [31], heavy and light chains of the processed forms of recombinant cyprosin are...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 12:20

... domain of each subunit contributes to the formation of the hydrophilic pore ACh binding protein has structural and functional homology to the extracellular ligand binding domain of the nAChR, and ... pharmacological and physiological properties of the channel In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry data show overlapping distributions for a variety of subunits, and electrophysiological and other functional ... development of selective drugs is the identification and pharmacological characterization of the various receptor subtypes, and the determination of their precise subunit composition and physiological function( s)...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 12:20

... the structure and PDB code shown below each panel (A) Overlap of isoform 337 with the structure of the longer isoform CfAFP-501 using the main chain of residues Thr23fiAsn90 in isoform 337 and ... Overlap of the X-ray structure with the 30 °C NMR structure using the main chain of residues Ser12fiThr70 in the structure alignment (C) Overlap of X-ray structure of TmAFP with the NMR structure ... [31,32,36] and their threedimensional structures were determined [34,37–40] In subsequent sections, we describe the structure and dynamics of each protein, and present a comparison of sbwAFP and TmAFP...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 16:20

... of cADPR analogues and some clues regarding the structure activity relationship of cADPR The cADPR ⁄ Ca2+ signalling system is active in diverse cellular systems, including smooth, skeletal and ... for a series of 4593 Second messenger function of cADPR A H Guse Fig Ca2+-releasing activity of some southern and northern ribose modified cADPR analogues Fig Ca2+-releasing activity of some cIDPR ... (2005) 4590–4597 ª 2005 FEBS 4591 Second messenger function of cADPR (ADPRC) and thereby induce the formation of cADPR (Fig 2) G-protein coupling and Tyr phosphorylation have been implicated in...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 01:20

... solution structure of the C-domain (A) Stereo view of the ensemble of the final 48 calculated structures Twenty-four structures of the closed protein conformer are shown in red, and 24 structures of ... structure calculation for the open and closed conformers of the C-terminal domain of human eRF1 Fig S3 NOE map of the minidomain (residues 329– 372) of human eRF1 NMR structure and function of ... of eRF1 Fig S11 The Ramachandran map plot (/ and w torsion angles for the protein backbone) of all 24 conformers of the NMR families of solution structures of the closed and open conformers of...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 11:20

... identification and distribution of TLP genes in nature, the structural and functional characterization of the TLP from various organisms, and the evolution of TLP and transthyretin The identification of TLPs ... structures of these proteins, all tetrameric, showed significant similarity to the published structures of transthyretin By way of example, a comparison of the structure of S dublin TLP with the structures ... in TLP structures as a result of alterations to the formation of hydrogen bonds between strands The carbonyls of residues V104 and P105 (zebrafish TLP numbering), in the middle of b-strand G,...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 00:20

... Valverde et al Structure and function of KH domains A B C Fig 10 Crystal structure of tandem type II KH domains of NusA in complex with RNA The tandem KH1–KH2 domains of NusA recognize RNA ligand 5¢-GAACUCAAUAG ... in which the b1-strand and b2-strand are adjacent and parallel to each other, and the b¢-strand is adjacent and antiparallel to the b1-strand (Fig 1) The length and sequence of the variable loop ... 2719 Structure and function of KH domains R Valverde et al Fig Solution structure of the FBP KH3–KH4 domain bound to ssDNA The third and fourth KH domains of FBP recognize ssDNA 5¢-dTTTT (A) and...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 05:20

... III, a-helix (B) Top view of the threedimensional structure of GlcNAc kinase The relative positions of cysteines are labeled with a star Ó FEBS 2002 Structure and function of GlcNAc kinase (Eur ... positions of the cysteines of GlcNAc kinase are displayed in Fig 5B Cysteines C211 and C45, whose Fig Predicted three-dimensional structure of GlcNAc kinase (A) Front view of the threedimensional structure ... catalytic mechanism of GlcNAc kinase Kinetic characterization of GlcNAc kinase and cysteine mutants In order to get a more detailed insight into the functions of specific cysteine residues of GlcNAc kinase,...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 10:20

... condensation kinetics and mechanism of trans-IPPS and cis-IPPS for the production of linear polyprenyl pyrophosphates, and the reaction mechanism and structures of protein prenyltransferases and isoprenyl ... distribution of the UPPS and OPPS reactions is that, when the Ó FEBS 2002 Structure, mechanism and function of prenyltransferases (Eur J Biochem 269) 3347 concentration of the UPPS and FPP complex ... cleft, which Ó FEBS 2002 Structure, mechanism and function of prenyltransferases (Eur J Biochem 269) 3341 Table The biological functions and three-dimensional structures of prenyltransferases presented...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 22:20

... system, and by HPLC on a C18 reverse-phase column It was found to be at least 98.4% pure Fig Structure of SDTG (A) and time course of inactivation of recombinant GST I by SDTG at pH 6.5 and 25 ... 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid, and the amount of covalently bound SDTG was determined by subtraction of the total number of carboxy and amino groups in the modified and unmodified enzyme The results of this experiment ... course of inactivation of wild-type GST I and mutant Phe51Ala by SDTG Wild-type (r) and mutant Phe51Ala (j) were incubated in the presence of 72.7 and 92 lM SDTG, respectively, at pH 6.5 and 25...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 16:20