... influence of Ge concentration on the formation of nanocrystals, a comparison of the Raman and TEM results of Samples B and C (i.e of medium and high Ge concentration) with Sample A (i.e of low Ge ... formation of Ge nanocrystals The voided region at the surface of the film for an annealing temperature of 800°C (i.e Figure 4.2) can be explained by the outdiffusion of Ge due to the low solubility of ... in the bulk of the film The inset of Figure 4.3 is the high resolution TEM (HRTEM) image of a well-formed single crystalline Ge nanocrystal There also exists a region that is void of nanocrystals...
... growth of Ge nanocrystals in such a material In this chapter, the results of an investigation on the effects of annealing temperature, annealing time and Ge concentration on the formation of Ge ... 5.6: (a) Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) profiles of assputtered and annealed (800°C for 15 and 60 minutes) Samples B, (b) SIMS profiles of as-sputtered and annealed (900°C for 15 minutes) ... existence of Ge and Ge diffusion may decrease the crystallization temperature of HfAlO [13] In order to examine the effects of matrix crystallization and Ge concentration on the formation of Ge nanocrystals,...
... are componentsof the elastic compliance tensor with S11 + 2S12 = 0.44 ×10-12 dyn-1 cm2 6.3.1 Effect of annealing time on the stress state of the nanocrystals In order to study the influence of ... hence, a decrease in the wavenumber of the vibrational mode In the case of compressive stress, the decrease of the lattice parameter yields a corresponding increase of the vibrational frequency From ... of silica and Ge, the latter being an order of magnitude higher than the former The differential expansion contributes to a tensile stress that reduces slightly the compressive stress state of...
... Discussions IV Influence of the capping stressor In this section, we present results ofstress development of the Ge nanocrystals by applying the silicon nitride (SiN) capping stressor It has been ... Section 6.3 7.2 Influence of the Annealing Technique In order to examine the effects of annealing technique on the growth and the stress states of the Ge nanocrystals, two sets of samples were prepared ... of the nanocrystals In this chapter, three different stress tuning methods will be proposed, namely the annealing techniques, the capping stressor and the dielectric matrix The stress state of...
... and results in increase of formation of the smaller nanocrystal and hence the red shift of the Raman band [4] This effect of geometry (i.e U-shape groove) on the diffusion of Ge atoms to the Si ... compressive stress experienced by the nanocrystals - 170 - Chapter Figure 8.3: Results & Discussions V (a) Raman spectra of Sample A and Sample B after the RTA; (b) summary of Raman peak position of annealed ... function of the arriving angle The anisotropic KOH etching of silicon has resulted in a relatively smaller arriving angle at the bottom of the groove (i.e 70.6°) as comparing to the one of the...
... case of thermal stressanalysisof mass concrete, accurate input of the rate of heat generation due to hydration of concrete is pertinent It is also imperative that time-dependent properties of ... THERMAL STRESSANALYSISOF CONCRETE VELU PERUMAL B.E., M.Tech (IIT Madras, India) A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF ... respect to age of concrete Of these, modulus of elasticity, development of tensile strength and creep behavior are key parameters implemented in thermal stressanalysis 1.3.1 Modulus of Elasticity...
... case of thermal stressanalysisof mass concrete, accurate input of the rate of heat generation due to hydration of concrete is pertinent It is also imperative that time-dependent properties of ... THERMAL STRESSANALYSISOF CONCRETE VELU PERUMAL B.E., M.Tech (IIT Madras, India) A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF ... respect to age of concrete Of these, modulus of elasticity, development of tensile strength and creep behavior are key parameters implemented in thermal stressanalysis 1.3.1 Modulus of Elasticity...
... of pipeline aircraft based on the number of PAA aircraft The pipeline aircraft can be thought of as the overhead necessary to keep the fleet at the minimum number of PAA aircraft The number of ... composition of the fleet, the various ages of the aircraft, and how the aircraft are used The E-2C program office, PMA-231, tracks the status, usage, and configuration of every E-2C aircraft The office ... Number ofAircraft 16 23 18 67 FLIGHT USAGE Aircraft life is typically defined in terms of total flight hours The projected life of an aircraft is based on fatigue testing and engineering analysis, ...
... on Aircraft Programmed Depot Maintenance: An Analysisof F-15 PDM based on many factors, including idiosyncrasies in what has happened to the aircraft, the aircraft s age, where and how the aircraft ... and the levels of key resources, e.g., number of mechanics, the availability of spare parts In addition, we recommend more systematic retention and analysisof historical data on aircraft that ... specific aircraft s condition Intermittent PDM is felt to be essential to keep some types ofaircraft operating safely and effectively PDM increases capability by extending the lives of aircraft...
... shearing stress occurs on planes at 45 " to those of the principal stresses 5.9 Mohr's circle ofstress A geometrical interpretation of equations (5.6) and (5.7) leads to a simple method ofstressanalysis ... the elastic stress- strain relations for two-dimensional system of direct stresses When Analysisofstress and strain 114 a shearing stress T~ is present in addition to the direct stresses IS, ... 45 to those of the O Mohr’s circle ofstress Problem 5.4 107 At a point of a material the two-dimensional state ofstress is shown in Figure 5.12 Determine o,, ozr and T8 Figure 5.12 Stress at...
... Stability, speed of response, and damping are independent of the initial condition or input" Learjet 23! MN = 0.3, hN = 3,050 m" VN = 98.4 m/s" Differential Equations Produce State Rates of Change" ... angle of attack response to elevator are not zero" Steady vertical wind affects steady-state angle of attack but not pitch rate" Dynamic response to elevator step with LδE = 0! Speed Control of ... Response of Speed Controller " • Solution of the integral, with step command" • " 0, t < $ yC (t) = # $ 1, t ≥ % dy(t) u(t) Ce(t) C = = = [ yc (t) − y(t)], y ( ) given dt J J J • Integral of the...
... 2.57s + 9.67 $ # %# % Summary of Root Locus Concepts " Destinations " of Roots" Origins " of Roots" Root Locus Analysisof Simplified Longitudinal Modes Center " of Gravity" Locus on " Real Axis" ... • • • Number of roots = 4" Number of zeros = 0" (n – q) = 4" • • • Number of roots = 4" Number of zeros = 1" (n – q) = 3" Δ(s) = d(s) + kn(s) #k→0→ d(s) ## Destinations of Roots (for k ... 0.00041s + 0.015 $ " s + 2.57s + 9.67 $ # %# % Origins of Roots (for k = 0) " • Origins of the roots are the Poles of d(s)" • All points on the locus of roots must satisfy the equation k[n(s)/d(s)]...
... involvement of secondary mutations To test heat stress survival, ml of each sample was incubated at 45°C for 30 minutes In case of oxidative stress, 0.1 ml of 100 mM H2O2 was added to 0.9 ml of each ... function of prkA in R etli, we constructed a non-polar deletion mutant A phenotypical analysisof this mutant, including survival during stationary phase, osmotic stress, oxidative stress and heat stress, ... http://genomebiology.com/2011/12/2/R17 of (p)ppGpp in E coli Of the many detected (p)ppGpp targets that may contribute to the observed stress phenotypes of the rsh mutant, we performed a phenotypic analysisof three specific...
... cereus during early stages of silver stress (30 min) The prolonged silver stress leads to the decreased level of expression of genes involved in biosynthesis of flagellar components In addition, ... transcriptional analysisof B cereus ATCC 14579 in response to silver nitrate Results and Discussion Effect of silver nitrate on the viability of B cereus The effect of silver nitrate induced stress on ... nitrate The up-regulation of anti-sigma factor antagonist (rsbY) indicates the activation of σB induced global stress response Most of these induced genes are under the control of alternative sigma...
... profiles in roots of two pairs of NILs in the nonstressed and two drought stress regimes at reproductive stage The numerical comparison of DEGs obtained from three biological replications of ... indicates the median of three qRT-PCR replicates, orange bar indicates the results of the median of three replications of microarray experiments (B) Correlation analysisof the ratio of differentially ... control of drought tolerance -3- Previous studies on genetics of drought tolerance in rice were primarily based on the analysisof mapping populations derived from parents of contrasting level of...
... genome sequencing The drought stress response of mapped transcripts over development To reveal the drought stress response of mapped transcripts during various stages of development, we normalized ... IIa Σ Haplotype analysisof carbohydrate metabolism genes A detailed analysisof sequence variants within 17 starch biosynthesis/degradation genes was conducted for a core set of 32 accessions, ... Conclusions The genetic mapping of 141 drought regulated ESTs has extended the abiotic stress SNP map of barley [7] by a further 134 novel markers An extensive expression analysisof these ESTs at various...
... roots of resistant genotype (ICC 4958) under drought stress Up regulated in roots of extremes bulks of RILs of HRB under drought stress Down regulated in roots of extremes bulks of RILs of HRB ... discussion Water stress treatment A graph of NTR values of ICC 4958, ICC 1882, and 20 RILs during the stress treatment indicates that all parental lines and RILs experienced same degree ofstress (Additional ... Page of 20 Figure A graphical representation of the annotation statistics of UG-TDS: the total number of unigenes annotated as a known protein with an E-value threshold of e-06, total number of...
... trait of anxiety of -1.78 (SD 1.01), and with 40% displaying no symptoms of anxiety DASS-21 -Stress Analysisof the stress scale items showed misfit to the Rasch model (p < 001) (Table – Analysis ... Rasch analysis Following this, Rasch analysis was performed on all items of the DASS-21 to evaluate the validity of using a total score from this scale as a measure of general psychological distress ... was slightly off target with a mean estimate on the latent variable ofstress at -1.03 (SD = 1.35), with just 8% of the sample at the floor of the scale DASS-21 – Total All 21 items of the DASS-21...