strategies for understanding ecosystem dynamics

... BIODIVERSITY ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION IN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS A key limitation to our understanding of the diversity ecosystem function relationship is the lack of research conducted in aquatic ecosystems ... diversity on ecosystem function, ecosystem processes such as primary productivity also regulate species diversity The influence of ecosystem processes on species diversity may be very complex For example, ... relationships, an understanding of potential feedbacks between diversity and ecosystem processes is critical The relationships between species diversity, ecosystem function, and ecosystem services...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

Ngày tải lên: 13/11/2014, 09:58

... sequential simulation The aim is to build X(t) for t in [0, T ) through an iterative distributed algorithm For the sake of simplicity, we assume that for all i between and K, logical process LPi ... sample-paths computed by LPi Suppose now that for some t, we find that the new point a(t) is equal to a formerly computed point b(t) As the input sequence is the same for both runs, both sample-paths have ... give some correct information on the future and the time for correction decreases, and third at each iteration of the correction process the bounds become more accurate, see [4] for more details...

Ngày tải lên: 16/10/2015, 09:09

... growth series for Syria contain some unlikely numbers, as does the trade series for India before 1970 The data for Syria and India before 1970 are excluded from the analyses The data for Argentina ... transactions The measure is available from 1950 to 1997 for 58 countries, and for a shorter period for an additional 23 (See Eichengreen forthcoming for a review of this and other measures.) All PCSTS ... account liberalization, therefore, does not lead to higher rates of growth for emerging market democracies as it does for other countries The estimated coefficient for Liberalization remains negative...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2012, 08:50

... before t In the case of quarterly sample frequency, t -1 is one quarter before t Notice that EDFi (t − 1) is the default probability for the sample period t-1 to t, measured at t-1 It is transformed ... of return for a particular company, that firm will run into financial insolvency or bankruptcy In other words, the central bank is raising rates in an effort to slow the economy Therefore, we ... corresponds with a decline in yield spreads for each combination of maturity and credit rating The relationship is stronger for longermaturity and for lower quality bonds The relation between...

Ngày tải lên: 26/10/2012, 11:21

... of ripening The use of a sensory language for Cheddar cheese is important for research and marketing purposes, and although validated flavor lexicons for Cheddar cheese exist (Drake et al 2001), ... also used for panelist training for aroma and textural attributes After the training period, the panel, without access to references, evaluated three samples of Cheddar cheese, one for each ripening ... cheese, one for each ripening period for days This analysis was performed in triplicate during three consecutive months The presentation of the sample was the same as for each of the training sessions...

Ngày tải lên: 03/04/2013, 21:06

... Microsoft is a proof for management’s talent of William H Gates and Steven A Ballmer although they have a different management way Have a question is given: What is the best way for management? There ... the best way for management? There are not any adequate answers for this question However, in management the talent of overview, foreseen and observes are necessary to evaluate flexible most Microsoft ... responsibilities and decisions for lower level managers At all, each organization will decide what combination is most effective Making up a right structure is not enough for an organization to run...

Ngày tải lên: 12/04/2013, 21:50

... superior performance is highly rewarded and poor performance is highly penalized Third, it is imperative that boards of directors follow through on the threat of dismissal for poor firm performance ... firm performance although it is not a comprehensive indicator of CEO performance The authors argue that this indicator is a more precise measure of CEO performance than accounting performance ... in executive compensation is not related to firm performance For instance, Abowd and Kaplan (1999) argue that firm size may be the reason for the variability in CEO compensation while firm profitability...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2013, 11:44

... get significant results for all rating events, except for review for downgrades and p=50% This indicates that the adjusted spread change does contain useful information for estimating the probability ... for downgrade, review for upgrade, positive outlook, and negative outlook We will refer to downgrades, reviews for downgrade and negative outlooks as “negative events” and upgrades, reviews for ... spreads increase by approximately 38 bps in the 90 days before a downgrade, by 24 bps before a review for downgrade, and by 29 basis points before a negative outlook When observations are pooled there...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 03:20

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 11:20

... newspapers/news magazines  For Internet banking  For selling goods and services (e.g via auctions)  For formalised educational activities (school, university, etc.)  For doing an online course ... showing concern for the environment Such an analysis appears to be feasible only for the United Kingdom, with very limited information available for Australia The complications with this form of analysis ... (Forum for the Future) http://www.amazon.co.uk/Digital-Futures-Living-Networked-World/dp/1853838985 http://www.forumforthefuture.org/greenfutures/articles/60279; EU Digital Europe project (Forum...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 09:20

... provide information that is considered as a platform for leaders to conduct an overview of the entire internal structure in order to facilitate the control functions in an organization Therefore, ... 28 values, until they become taken for granted and drop out of awareness.” Assumptions are often the result of continually validated and reinforce values Therefore, they can deal with basic aspects ... productivity and efficiency Therefore, tasks are clarified, objectives are set, and action is taken Moreover, managing performance through objectives, investing for increasing rates of return,...

Ngày tải lên: 13/03/2014, 14:20

... 2005 Vietnam CSR Forum are also created in websites such as the address http://trachnhiemxahoi.net or http://www.vietnamforumcsr.net, these forums bring CSR understandings not only for company’s ... well-known There are many ways for company performs responsibility in this aspect, for example company can raise a fund or contribute in other funds to charity for people who need help Or in ... exist for a long time in competitive business Therefore, managers of company should include the goals of increase welfare policies for employees, increase products or services quality for customers,...

Ngày tải lên: 13/03/2014, 14:20

... that all RNAs studied in this investigation were uniformly labeled Therefore the yield of each RNA species in splicing reactions was corrected for the number of uridines present Endonuclease optimization ... experiments were performed in TK9 buffer containing 10 mM MgCl2 at 37 °C with one component varied as required Fifty millimolar Mes replaced 50 mM Tris for pH optima experiments performed at pH < ... or uniformly Ó FEBS 2003 Endonuclease and maturase activities of I-AniI (Eur J Biochem 270) 1545 labeled AnCOB pre-RNA for at 37 °C in TK8 buffer containing either mM CaCl2 or mM MgCl2 for DNA...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 10:20

... also vanishes For women, the cross-sectional correlation between obesity and both residential-sprawl and mixed-use is weaker than for men However, in some regressions controlling for a small set ... use (e.g., residential, commercial, forest) for each of about 8.7 billion, 30 meter by 30 meter cells in a regular grid covering the continental United States For each 30 meter by 30 meter pixel ... location relative to the national average For instance, dc’s 21% obesity rate for men is the second lowest in the country while its 37% obesity rate for women is (tied with four other states)...

Ngày tải lên: 19/03/2014, 11:20

... banks in setting retail prices for short term consumption loans The degree of pass-through is found to be higher for lending rates for house 22 purchase (0.4321) and for loans to non-financial corporations ... also affected by the performance of retail funding: the rising costs that banks are enduring for the short term funding (current accounts, deposit accounts), but also for the long-term one (bond ... the market rate is completely disregarded and valuable information for the estimation of the interest rate pass-through model can be lost For these reason, several authors (de Bond, 2002; Sander...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 23:20

... pricing is: 2GB free, 50 GB for USD 9.99/month, 100 GB for 19.99/month SugarSync pricing is 30 GB/month for USD 4.99, 60 GB for USD 9.99, 100 GB for 14.99/month and 250 GB for USD 24.99/month) Prices ... of information by creating a much more efficient method for recording and disseminating information in printed form In the 1470’s, an Italian bishop explained that 15 three printers working for ... be transformed quickly and efficiently 85 Computers quickly became an important platform for not just creating content but also for consuming it Users could create content on a computer for distribution...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 03:20

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 05:23

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 01:20

... that form the active site tunnel can open during the catalytic cycle for the release and binding of the polymeric substrate [17–19] Spectroscopic methods, in particular, could be suitable for ... Liljankoski, M Siika¨ aho and R Suihkonen for construction of the Cel7A mutant, and for the purification of the wild-type and the mutant protein K Rautajoki is thanked for the help with the fluorescence ... we report here spectroscopic studies performed using both tryptophan fluorescence and CD spectroscopy These methods are powerful tools to study the conformation of a protein as a function of various...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 07:20