static headspace sampling and analysis

... What it includes: a) Selection of sampling procedures including procedures of analysis of samples b) Sampling locations c) Period of sampling, frequency of sampling and duration d) Auxiliary measurements ... of sampling procedure: There are two types of sampling – continuous and time averaged in –situ samplings Continuous sampling is carried out by automatic sensors, optical or electrochemical, and ... effective average over the period of sampling 1|Page Sampling locations: Sampling locations are in general governed by factors like objectives, method of sampling and resources available If the objective...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 14:20

... acquisition and errors associated with field sampling and laboratory analysis A unique feature of this text is to treat sampling and analysis as an entity This is to say that sampling and analysis ... Matrices Environmental Sampling Approaches: Where and When 49 52 Judgmental Sampling 52 Simple Random Sampling 53 Stratified Random Sampling 54 Systematic Sampling 56 Other Sampling Designs 57 Estimating ... of determinate errors and random errors Describe scopes of environmental sampling Why sampling and analysis are an integral part of data quality? Between sampling and analysis, which one often...

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 17:20

... acquisition and errors associated with field sampling and laboratory analysis A unique feature of this text is to treat sampling and analysis as an entity This is to say that sampling and analysis ... Matrices Environmental Sampling Approaches: Where and When 49 52 Judgmental Sampling 52 Simple Random Sampling 53 Stratified Random Sampling 54 Systematic Sampling 56 Other Sampling Designs 57 Estimating ... of determinate errors and random errors Describe scopes of environmental sampling Why sampling and analysis are an integral part of data quality? Between sampling and analysis, which one often...

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 17:20

... organisms and plays an important role in nerve stimulation and muscle function and their physiological functions 2.1.1.4 Rubidium (Rb) and Cesium (Cs) Rubidium and cesium are rare and have little ... the formation of bones and teeth, blood clotting, normal muscle and nerve activity, and glycogen metabolism and synthesis, and it helps prevent hypertension Vitamin D and lactose help improve ... are emerald and aquamarine and, when cut and polished, they make beautiful gemstones Beryllium is a very light metal with excellent thermal conductivity and a high melting point, and most of...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 03:20

... 40 3.1.7 Environmental Sampling and Analysis for Metals TWO D’S (DOSE AND DURATION) Toxic effects are determined by the concentration (or dose) of the toxin and the duration of the exposure, ... Environmental Sampling and Analysis for Metals Metals can form lipid-soluble organo-metallic ions, involving Hg, As, Sn, Tl, and Pb, capable of penetrating biological membranes and accumulating ... CRC Press LLC 48 Environmental Sampling and Analysis for Metals Aluminum compounds are used for storing and processing food (e.g., baking powder, cooking vessels, and metal foil) Inhalation of...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 03:20

... pH, alkalinity, and calcium and additions of phosphates and silicates Under the rule, the MCLG for lead is zero, and the action level is 0.015 mg/l For copper, both the MCLG and action level ... they handle and all releases of such compounds into various media (e.g., air and water) Program enforcement is provided by state governments after receiving EPA approval 4.2 DRINKING WATER STANDARDS ... drinking, cooking, and washing Regulatory agencies establish physical, chemical, bacteriological, and radiological quality standards for potable water Water supplies in the United States and elsewhere...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 03:20

... standard To confirm the calibration curve and to verify the accuracy of the standards and the calibration, run a standard prepared from another source as the calibration standards Prepare standard ... Add ml of this stock solution to each 100-ml standard and sample prior to analysis © 2002 by CRC Press LLC 116 7.7.2 Environmental Sampling and Analysis for Metals SPECTRAL INTERFERENCES Spectral ... cannot be matched accurately with standards, use the method of standard addition (see Section 7.7.1) If © 2002 by CRC Press LLC 110 Environmental Sampling and Analysis for Metals digestion or another...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 03:20

... off acetylene first and then air © 2002 by CRC Press LLC 124 Environmental Sampling and Analysis for Metals 8.2.5 STANDARDIZATION Select at least three concentrations of each standard metal solution ... Environmental Sampling and Analysis for Metals 15 Aspirate standard of desired metal with concentration near the midpoint of the optimum concentration range and adjust burner (both vertically and horizontally) ... Preparation of standards and complete calibration processes are discussed in Section 6.6 Calibrate Ca and Mg based on concentration of standards before dilution with lanthanum solution; Fe and Mn based...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 03:20

... matrix-matched standards or by using the standard additions method © 2002 by CRC Press LLC 174 Environmental Sampling and Analysis for Metals 12.5 REAGENTS AND STANDARDS 12.5.1 CHEMICALS, STANDARDS, AND REAGENTS ... Mixed standard solution III: Mixed standard solution IV: Mixed standard solution V: Be, Cd, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn Ba, Co, Cu, Fe, and V As, Mo, and Si Al, Ca, Cr, K, Na, and Ni Ag, B, Mg, Sb, and Tl ... Environmental Sampling and Analysis for Metals analyzed sample, such as traces of argon and CO2 from argon gas, H2 and O2 when water is the solvent, C from organic solvent, and H2, O2, and N2 from...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 03:20

... aspirator, and special safety clothing, shoes, and hazard hat After sampling, clothes, shoes, and hat must be removed Each time after sampling, the sample collector must wash hands and exposed ... turbulence and humidity) 14.9.10.1 Sampling and Storage of Particles Many sampling methods are available, and the method selected depends on the purpose of the sampling For example, for chemical analysis, ... the sampling container Do not use prepreserved sampling bottle! Complete sample label and transfer to the laboratory as soon as possible © 2002 by CRC Press LLC 218 Environmental Sampling and Analysis...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 03:20

... addition and evaporation Cool solution and add 20 ml of HClO4 and ml of HF, and boil until solution is clear and white fumes of HClO4 have appeared Cool, add about 50 ml of DI water, filter, and proceed ... continuously), and immediately attach to the aeration apparatus and analyze Blanks, calibration standards, QC check standards, and spiked samples must be treated the same way 15.9.2 PREPARATION OF SOLID AND ... methyl-isobutyl-ketone) Organometallic standards are prepared using the same solvent, and the samples and standards are analyzed via AAS or ICP 15.11.2 SAMPLE COLLECTION, PRESERVATION, AND HANDLING All samples must...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 03:20

... flask and dilute to the mark with DI water Standardize against standard 0.02N CaCO3 solution 18.9.2.2.4 Calcium Carbonate Standard Solution Weigh 1.0000 g of anhydrous CaCO3 (primary standard) and ... EPA-APPROVED METHODS AND REFERENCES FOR ANALYZING SEDIMENTS AND RESIDUALS 18.1.2.1 Methods and References for Analyzing Soils, Sediments, Domestic and Industrial Sludges, Solid and Hazardous Wastes ... Procedures for Handling and Chemical Analysis of Sediments and Water Samples (EPA/Corps of Engineers, CE-81–1, 1981) USEPA Contract Laboratory Program Statement of Work for Inorganic Analysis (EPA...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 03:20

... England, 1993 Salisbury, F.B and Ross, C.W., Plant Physiology, Wadsworth, Belmont, CA, 1992 © 2002 by CRC Press LLC 332 Environmental Sampling and Analysis for Metals Szabo, L., Kevey, B., and ... FL, 1994 Csuros, M., Environmental Sampling and Analysis Lab Manual, Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL, 1997 Day, R.A., Jr and Underwood, A.L., Quantitative Analysis, 6th ed., Prentice Hall, New ... electrons than Si, so the valence band is not completely full The band now has “holes.” Because the valence band is no longer full, it has turned into a conduction band and thus a current can flow This...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 03:20

... collected and stored This has important consequences for sampling regimes, sampling procedures, and methods of sample preservation and storage In general, the time between sampling and analysis ... cleaned and disinfected after each use to avoid contaminating the surfaces of the bottles and the sampler’s hands 4.1.5 Sampling methods for physicochemical analysis Results of physicochemical analysis ... demands Once initially, thereafter as situation demands Once initially for community wells Physical/chemical Minimum frequency of sampling and analysis Open wells for community supply Source and...

Ngày tải lên: 04/06/2016, 08:42

... Analysis (Feigl and Anger 1972) and Vogel’s Qualitative Inorganic Analysis (Vogel 1996) are a useful qualitative analysis resource SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS OF WATERS, WASTEWATERS, SOILS AND WASTES For ... surface and bottom of the water body to avoid samples being affected by the air/water or sediment/water interface SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS OF WATERS, WASTEWATERS, SOILS AND WASTES 2.5 Sampling soils Sampling ... soil and rock (EPA publication 655.1, 2009) and/ or Australian standards AS4969.0 (2008) to AS4969.14 (2009) should be consulted for details on their sampling and handling For details of the sampling...

Ngày tải lên: 06/06/2016, 08:29

... Combined K and Na standard solutions: use certified atomic absorption standard and prepare solutions of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1:2 mg mLÀ1 of K and Na, respectively d Combined Ca and ... Brij-35 and mix Standard solutions: prepare stock standard A by dissolving 1000 mg B (5:715 g H3 BO4 ) in L deionized water and prepare stock standard B by taking 50 mL stock standard A and diluting ... and sediment analysis I Standardization Trends Anal Chem 17: 289–298 Houba, V.J.G., Lexmond, T.M., Novozamsky, I., and van der Lee, J.J 1996 State of the art and future developments in soil analysis...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 02:23

... management, and vegetation type on carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) turnover and storage (Gregorich and Janzen 1996; Gregorich et al 2006, and references therein) It has been separated and evaluated ... 1987) and tillage practices (Spedding et al 2004), for assessing the impact of management on soil strength and porosity, soil structure and aggregate stability ´ ´ ´ ´ (Hernandez-Hernandez and ... M., Elhottova, D., Klimes, F., and Hopkins, D.W 2004 Emissions of N2 O and CO2 , denitrification measurements and soil properties in red clover and ryegrass stands Soil Biol Biochem 36: 9–21...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 02:23

... c, for a representative sandy soil (sand) and a representative loamy soil with structure (structured loam) and without structure (loam) and (b) alpha parameter, a(c), and sorptive number, a*(c), ... (random roughness related to tillage; soil aggregation; tillage row direction; and microtopography), and the vegetation characteristics (size and geometry of the leaves; stalks and fruits; and ... (Romano and Santini 2002) Plant growth and performance is critically dependent on adequate supplies of air and water in the root zone Convenient and popular measures of the soil’s ability to store and...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 02:23

... information related to sample site and sampling method Landscape and soil profile attributes are listed in Table A2 and Table A3, respectively TABLE A1 A List of Basic Sampling Data Project ID Regional ... c Latitude–longitude in decimal degrees (GPS) Sampling plan, e.g., a Random b Grid c Purposeful d Single=composite Sampling date Name of sampler Sampling method, e.g., a Probe or auger b Core ... Russell, W.B., Riddell, K.M., and Stevens, N 1988 Forest Ecosystem Classification and Land System Mapping Pilot Project Duck Mountain, Manitoba Canadian Forest Services and MB Forest Br., Ottawa,...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 02:23

... Surface water sampling methods and analysis — technical appendices Standard operating procedures for water samplingmethods and analysis Looking after all our water needs ... 5.23 Oil and grease 43 Department of Water i Surface water sampling methods and analysis 5.24 Pesticides and herbicides - organochlorine and organophosphate pesticides (OC and OP ... correctly and consistently for field and laboratory analysis, and how to store, preserve and transport samples to enable effective analysis by a testing laboratory This information is based on standards...

Ngày tải lên: 06/06/2016, 08:05