stat transcription factors in tumor development and targeted therapy of malignancies

... architecture of the airspaces (see Fig 1) An analysis of their role in development and disease follows Growth factors in development Growth factors are involved in virtually all aspects of lung development ... proliferation and facilitate repair of the damaged epithelium [13,14] High levels of VEGF are found in lungs of transgenic mice overexpressing interleukin-13 [15] Interestingly, accumulation of VEGF in ... Research Vol No Desai and Cardoso Figure Growth factors in development and disease Major roles of selected growth factors in embryonic and postnatal lung development (left) and their potential...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 18:20

... were incubated at 37 °C in a humidified 5% CO2 incubator in the absence (control) and presence of increasing concentrations of inhibitors for 10 days, and the number of molting larvae was determined ... constant) and Vmax (maximum velocity) values were determined by incubating the diluted recombinant proteins in the standard reaction mixture in the presence of increasing concentrations of PPi (0.05–0.5 ... concerning the kinetics and properties of the enzyme More strikingly, we show a novel role of the PPase enzyme in the development and molting process of A suum larvae in vitro constructed in UniZap...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 11:20

... regulatory domains such as the 5’- and 3’ UTR, and TRS of leader (TRS-L) and each ORF (TRS-B), and this is mediated by protein-RNA and protein-protein interactions comprising of both viral and cellular ... regulatory protein 1, is a RNA binding protein that coordinates the expression of ferritin and transferrin receptor during iron metabolism by binding to iron-responsive elements in the 5’ and 3’ UTRs ... replication occur In the second part of the thesis, we focused on understanding the interplay between coronavirus infection and host cell innate immune response Through examining the status of interferon...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 10:07

... consistent sample handling, processing, testing and reporting, can help eliminate assay variation in clinical trials While this approach introduces a delay in testing due to shipping of samples to ... processes involved in cytokines binding to a receptor, causing receptor dimerization and signal transduction through receptor kinases, resulting in activation and translocation of transcription factors ... chain, IL-2Rg) which may be important in signaling and in determining how the cytokine influences the innate or adaptive immune response and/ or the interaction of these responses Dr Margolin...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... role of AP-2a and AP-2e in chondrogenesis Overview of the differentiation stages during chondrogenesis and the involvement of transcription factors (henatoxylin and eosin-stained section of an ... resulting in the heterozygous loss of runx2 cause cleidocranial dysplasia [63] Role of AP-2a, AP-2b and AP-2e in chondrogenesis and skeletal development In addition to Sox and Runx transcription factors, ... such as tumorigenesis and genetic diseases [47] Most analyses of the regulation of AP-2 and the interactions of the transcription factor with binding partners, as well as of the regulation of target...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 09:20

... (blocked arrows) of different stages in the proposed pathway are indicated Genistein is an inhibitor of tyrosine protein kinase and competitive inhibitor of ATP in other protein kinase reactions; ... nucleus, pull NF-κB off DNA, and export NF-κB back to its resting state in the cytoplasm Thick lines indicate the activating pathway; thin lines indicate the inactivating pathway IκB-independent pathways, ... switches off the induction of Bcl-2 and rather predominates Bax in controlling apoptosis within the perinatal lung This reinforces the presumption that signaling pathways mediating apoptosis in response...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 18:20

... preferentially induce ligand-independent dimerization and activate downstream signaling pathways EGFR mutations result in repositioning of critical residues surrounding the ATP-binding cleft of the tyrosine ... success of imatinib in the treatment of CML provided compelling evidence for the effectiveness of small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and triggered the development of this class of agents ... for binding to the tyrosine kinase pocket of the receptor, thereby inhibiting receptor tyrosine kinase activity and EGFR signaling pathways (Fig 1) Early clinical studies showed that a subset of...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 09:20

... contains a sole NrpR consisting of one single NrpR domain with a N-terminal HTH domain [26], it is of specific interest to elucidate whether the single NrpR domain of M kandleri is also binding ... time using 300 lL of protein-binding buffer (see above) Potentially DNA-bound proteins were subsequently eluted step-by-step using 200 lL of binding buffer containing increasing amounts of NaCl ... two tandem NrpR domains fused to an N-terminal HTH domain (e.g M maripaludis NrpR); one with a single NrpR domain and an N-terminal HTH domain (e.g NrpRI of M mazei and M acetivorans); and one...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 21:20

... subcellular distribution of STAT1 in resting cells and prevent nuclear import of both STAT1 and STAT2 in interferon-stimulated cells Thus, inhibition of nucleocytoplasmic shuttling constitutes a viral ... saturable and appears to occur through direct contacts between STAT proteins and FG repeat-containing nucleoporins [33] Interestingly, in vitro alkylation with N-ethyl-maleimide of a single cysteine ... cycling of STAT1 in resting cells (B,C) Cytoplasmic injection of anti -STAT1 depleted endogenous STAT1 from the nucleus (B), whereas nuclear delivery of anti -STAT1 caused STAT1 accumulation in...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 15:20

... lists of the included papers To distinguish and define Page of determinants of success, studies were included if they (a) gave an overview of key elements or components of QICs applied in healthcare ... the instrument content was relevant and thoroughly represented the potential determinants of success in QICs The first step we took to distinguish and define potential determinants of success in ... provided a list of 128 items of expert-opinion-based determinants of success [15] Two reviewers (LS and MH) analysed the list of determinants to identify problems with wording or meaning and redundancy...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 10:23

... a range of protein complexes with distinct DNA-binding and transcription- activating or -repressing activities The complex pattern of DNA binding and transcription regulatory activities of the ... growing evidence that plant WRKY transcription factors are involved in plant ABA signaling and abiotic stress responses In rice and barley, ABA induces expression of a number of WRKY genes in ... rapidly and transiently induced during exposure to low non-freezing temperature in ABA-independent manner and exhibits continuous induction during dehydration and freezing treatment [21] In tobacco,...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 11:21

... [8–10] HIF-1 consists of two subunits HIF-1α, a DNAbinding protein, has increased stability and binding in hypoxic conditions and is degraded rapidly in normoxia The accumulation of the α-subunits ... isohelenin and lisofylline, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, are described as being able to reduce proinflammatory cytokines and ameliorate oxidant lung injury in animal models As exciting as this emerging ... formation and translocation into the nucleus during hypoxia This process leads to selective upregulation of genes whose products are involved in hypoxia and inflammatory lung injury These include...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 19:21

... using the iNOS inhibitor N6-(iminoethyl)-L-lysine or using iNOS knockout mice that the activation of NF-κB and the signal transducer and activator of transcription, and that increases in IL-6 and ... oxidation and proinflammatory cytokine expression in the lungs Hemorrhage and resuscitation In murine models, for example, mRNA levels of proinflammatory and immunoregulatory cytokines, including IL-1α, ... leads to increasing intracellular stores of GSSG, a potent inhibitor of NF-κB transcription factor DNA binding The pathway leading to the formation of GSH by the action of γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 19:21

... hemorrhagic shock (HS) initiates an inflammatory response that includes increased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and production of prostaglandins [53] Induction of inducible nitric oxide ... Targeting the NF-κB pathway may therefore be a promising therapy to reduce injury and to improve lung function play a central role in initiating the innate immune system and in activating NF-κB ... regulatory element in sensing hypoxic conditions and in integrating an adapted response via gene expression of oxygen-sensitive and redox-sensitive enzymes and cofactors is hypoxiainducible factor-1...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 19:21

... signaling occurs through HGF and/ or EGF via PI3 kinase regulating expression of HNF transcription factors that in turn lead to transdifferentiation Overall, understanding of transdifferentiation of ... pointing to the source of the likely pool of hepatocytes capable of undergoing transdifferentiation These results are also consistent with our previous findings indicating that subpopulation of ... x3) Brown color indicates CK19 positive staining Arrows indicate bile duct staining Arrowheads indicate hepatocytic staining PV, portal vein; BD, bile duct Scale bar = 100 μm injuries towards...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 13:20

... protein factors) , ECAT (enhancer of CCAAT binding factors) , or PCAT (promoter of CCAAT binding factors) p53 binding motifs were also displayed '(+)' and '(-)' refer to strand direction of transcription ... included 17 genes with p53 binding sites in cluster A and 26 genes with NF-κB binding sites in cluster B In cluster A genes with p53 binding sites, putative models containing three and four transcription ... cluster and percentage of hits in the entire human promoters of GPD for that model [116] dIncluding 17 input genes with predicted p53 binding sites in cluster A p53 is shown in bold eIncluding 26 input...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 07:21

... used for genome-wide mapping using ChIP-chip By correlating the binding profiles of all NRs, they found profile similarities and common binding sites between ER and retinoic acid receptor α; they ... tumor suppressor and its regulator Mdm2 This inhibitor binds selectively to the pocket of Mdm2, resulting in increased p53 levels Nutlin was an effective inhibitor in cell lines and in mice with ... prognostic indicator of prostate cancer One of the major issues that researchers in the field face is defining which fusions are driving factors and which ones are passenger events One of the key...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 21:20

... expression of a3b1 integrin in tumor cells and their malignant behavior The increased expression of a3b1 integrin in gastric carcinoma cells is associated with their increased invasion and metastatic ... MyoD/E-box binding factors The introduction of mutation into one of the putative Etsbinding sequences suppressed the promoter activity In addition, the specific binding of a nuclear protein to the ... (1993) Specific alterations in the expression of a3b1 and a6b4 integrins in highly invasive and metastatic variants of human prostate carcinoma cells selected by in vitro invasion through reconstituted...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 03:20

... successfully inhibited the expression of VEGF, thereby suppressing the growth of hepatocarcinoma tumors in mice [87] In addition, no noticeable increase in inflammatory cytokines, including interferon-a and ... uptake, are indispensably required [12] In this minireview, major factors in determining overall RNAi efficiency in vivo are introduced Moreover, up-to-date progress in achieving efficient and targeted ... vivo Regardless of administration routes, the final destination of siRNA is the cytoplasm of the target cell, where it incorporates into RNA-inducing silencing protein complex and encounters target...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 01:23