spinal mechanisms of visceral pain and sensitization

... 2003 Fig Placement of BH4 in the catalytic site of PAH and TH Distance-energy diagrams obtained after docking BH4 into the active sites of PAH (A) and TH (B) Total energies of candidate positions ... oxidation of the catalytic iron provoked by the Ó FEBS 2003 Modeled ligand–protein complexes of PAH and TH (Eur J Biochem 270) 1073 Fig Hydroxylation of tyrosine and a possible sequence of events ... structure of the ternary complex of the catalytic domain of human phenylalanine hydroxylase with tetrahydrobiopterin and 3-(2thienyl)-L-alanine, and its implications for the mechanism of catalysis and...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 07:20

... dissatisfied to Very satisfied) Section B: Hand pain and problems Hand pain characteristics Hand pain in last 12 months Side of pain Duration in past 12 months Hand pain, aching, stiffness in last month ... earlier studies of knee pain and OA [30] and hand pain, problems and OA [31] and permit combining of data across all three cohorts as well as direct comparison between them The aims of the study ... main sections: (A) Foot pain; (B) Hand pain and problems; (C) Hip pain; and (D) Knee pain Questions will relate to pain [40,55,59-63], site-specific function [62,64-66], and GP consultation (Table...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 21:24

... with tandem duplicates Finally, we preserved 410 and 680 pairs resulting from We identified 1,210 tandem duplicates and 410 retrogenes in the human genome, and 1,802 tandem duplicates and 680 ... retention of both types of duplicates Discussion Dosage effect is more prevalent in tandem duplicates Of the two key dimensions to determine the retention mechanisms, we have found that the extent of ... V, Zhang L: A roadmap of tandemly arrayed genes in the genomes of human, mouse, and rat Mol Biol Evol 2006, 23:2134-2141 15 Pan D, Zhang L: Quantifying the major mechanisms of recent gene duplications...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 13:21

Ngày tải lên: 13/11/2014, 16:19

... where 0= no pain, 1= mild pain, 2= moderate pain and 3= severe pain, and visual analog scale of 0–10, where 0=no pain and 10= worst imaginable pain Agrawal et al used both, 4-point scale and VAS, ... moderate, and > as severe pain In a pilot study of 20 patients having spinal anesthesia by 25-guage Quincke needle without introducer and any local infiltration, 90% of them had moderate to severe pain ... venipuncture pain was evaluated Pain was self-reported by a pain face scale with a 10-cm visual analog scale (VAS) placed at its back, where 0=“no pain and 10 = “worst imaginable pain VAS scores of 1-...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2012, 11:15

... Treatment and prognosis; (3) Chest pain as a chronic, multifactorial, or comorbid condition; (4) Interprofessional coordination of care; (5) Best practices and standardization of care; and (6) ... complexity, and discriminant variability are characteristic of chest pain assessment and diagnostic tests, that the inherently high risk of chest pain determines the order of differential workup and ... practices and standardization of care Participants reported that standardizing care within professions may facilitate opportunities for interprofessional referrals, that guidelines and care standards...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2012, 10:06

... composition of 2H and 18O The compositions of the isotopes 2H (D) and 18O were analyzed to obtain δD (‰) and δ18O (‰), respectively, which are defined as the relative deviation of the parts per thousand ... 22-23 of 2003 The amount of precipitation was 30 mm in total Figure shows the precipitation record of the studied event (Fig 2a) and the record of the river flow rate (solid line, Fig 2b) of the ... the discharge of new water and the migration of hazardous elements, which has not been sufficiently analyzed or reported previously As a result of the calculation, and by setting C1 and C2 as mentioned...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 09:08

... development of IR and T2DM, and the latter contributes profoundly to endothelium dysfunction and ED [130,131], the concept of androgen deficiency reinforces the important role of androgens in ... pathophysiological mechanisms of obesity-induced androgen deficiency and hypogonadism-induced obesity remain the subject of intense investigation Several hypotheses have discussed the relationship of androgen ... visceral and peripheral fat further diminishes the levels of testosterone and increases the levels of estradiol (E2), which further contributes to preferential deposition of more visceral fat and...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 06:20

... lifetimes of carbon-centred radicals derived from a diverse set of substrates are on the order of about 10)10 s [98] Moreover, the randomness of the apparent intramolecular KIEs for unrearranged and ... result in a drastic diminution of polymerization products derived from aniline and some of its p- and N-substituted congeners, while formation of p-hydroxylated and dealkylated metabolites was ... discounted in view of the high selectivity of DNA strand breakage [239] Also, density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the electronic structure of an optimized geometric model of activated BLM...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 16:20

... the importance of defining pain; your pain experiences; classifications of pain; coming to a definition of pain; models of health and disease and how they help us understand the pain experience ... experiences of pain and pain management A clear definition of pain is important We use a range of words to explain our physical, emotional and social experience of pain Pain can be classified in terms of ... nature of pain Activity 1.3 Make a list of your experiences of pain You may like to divide the list into personal experiences of pain, pain experienced by close family or friends and pain experienced...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 07:20

... species composition of PtdIns Fatty acid composition of phospholipids from tissues of yellowtail and rat Brain, heart, liver, spleen, kidney and ovary of yellowtails were isolated, and total lipids ... Protein kinase C activity in the spleen of trout (Salmo gairdneri) and the rectal gland of dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula), and the effects of phosphatidylserine and diacylglycerol containing (n-3) ... phosphatidylserine (PtdSer), PtdIns and sphingomyelin The fatty acid compositions of PtdCho, PtdEtn, PtdSer and PtdIns of brain, heart, spleen, kidney and ovary of yellowtail were investigated (Tables...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 08:20

... assessment, and treatment of acute pain and chronic noncancer pain (CNCP) B DEFINITIONS AND MECHANISMS O F PA I N This section of the monograph explores mechanisms that underlie the perception of pain ... of Chronic Pain, 19 and a variety of systems based on a single dimension of the pain experience Of the latter systems, those Table Examples and Characteristics of Neuropathic Pain Definition Painful ... assess pain Pain: Current Understanding of Assessment, Management, and Treatments Section II: Assessment of Pain Table 15 Physical Examination of a Patient With Pain Region General Site of pain...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 14:20

... precise picture of water at the surface of the protein, we looked at the number of water molecules within a specific layer of 0.25 nm from the surface of the protein (Fig 3), and the ratio of Fig Average ... 2431 ˆ N M Micaelo and C M Soares Modeling hydration mechanisms of enzymes of time Final parameters and standard errors are shown in supplementary Table S2 The residence times of the water molecules ... significant role in solvating the enzyme, and also takes part in the modulation of the structural and dynamic properties of the enzyme It is also of note that ethanol and acetonitrile are significantly...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 10:20

... century because of a gradual increase in life expectancy The genuine understanding of the mechanisms leading to the formation of amyloid fibrils and its inhibition is therefore of high clinical ... presence of aromatic residues in specific structural contexts can accelerate this process by several orders of magnitude Therefore, from the practical point of view, understanding of the mechanism of ... one of the key parameters for predicting the rate of the fibrillization process [36] Molecular dynamics simulations of the stability of preformed amyloid fibrils clearly demonstrated the role of...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 11:20

... high pressure NMR, and stopped flow and single–molecule analyses, have been established, and are applicable to the elucidation of the dynamic features of cytochromes c It is of interest to characterize ... that some of them are the residues responsible for stability, and in fact Ala7, Met13, and Tyr43 in HT c-552 have been shown, by mutagenesis and 3D structure analyses, to be determinants of the ... quintuple mutant, and the corresponding ones of the wild-type PA c-551 and HT c-552 are colored purple, green, and red, respectively (A) The region around A7/M13 in HT c-552 and the corresponding...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 03:21

... of autophagy, such as induction of LC3 and conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II [48,49,118], induction of beclin [48], induction of BNIP-3 [66] and activation of G-interacting protein (GAIP) by phosphorylation ... 2009 FEBS S Cagnol and J.-C Chambard ERK and cell death establishment of senescence induced by a constitutively active form of Ras or MEK [121] process is often prevented by use of MEK inhibitors ... by inducible activation of Raf1:ER, it correlates with inhibition of AKT and dephosphorylation of Mdm2, which lead to p53 accumulation and growth arrest [97] In the case of human BJ foreskin primary...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 08:20

... intake and energy expenditure, and the subsequent deposition of excess fatty acids into fat cells in the form of triglycerides, leads to the development of obesity [21] A lipid-rich diet and sedentary ... Epidemiological and population studies have established a direct correlation between obesity and the development of cardiovascular disease [36,37] Despite the pivotal role of obesity and dyslipidemia ... condition, and an increased propensity to develop a variety of spontaneous and induced tumors [44] The Ay mutation is the result of a 170 bp deletion that removes all but the promoter and noncoding...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 22:21

... contain smaller lipid droplets and more mitochondria, and express higher levels of UCP-1 and PGC-1a and lower levels of Rb The role of these various transcription factors and nuclear factors is highlighted ... for our understanding of what controls the expansion of fat mass in different individuals Moreover, it is also important to understand the origins of each of the different white and brown depots ... adipocyte number) and hypertrophy (i.e an expansion of adipocyte volume as a result of the accumulation of lipids) Consequently, knowledge of the origin and molecular control of adipocyte progenitor...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 22:21

... and leptin, the inflammatory chemokines tumor necrosis factor-a (TNFa) and an array of interleukins, and angiogenic and vasoactive molecules such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and ... and the differential expansion of these depots is of great importance Expansion of visceral or abdominal white adipose tissue (WAT) has been most strongly correlated with insulin resistance and ... is the condition of lipodystrophy, wherein the dramatic loss of adipose tissue triggers a high degree of insulin resistance and signs of other metabolic dysregulation similar to visceral WAT expansion...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 22:21

... chemical shifts of the three species on the left hand side of Schemes and 2, the two neutral and one positively charged forms of the Table Assignment of the state of tautomerization of ThDP during ... basis of the accumulated understanding of enzyme mechanisms, such proton transfers are likely to be mediated by general acid ⁄ base catalysts, such as His, Asp and Glu, and perhaps Cys, Lys and ... bands corresponding to the AP and IP forms have different phases enables the simultaneous observation of the two tautomeric forms, notwithstanding the proximity of the bands to each other, and...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 23:20